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Arctic sea-ice extent: No record minimum in 2023 or recent years

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2025年第1期18卷 52-55页

作者： Ola m.Johannessen tor I.Olaussen Nansen Scientific Society BergenNorway Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center BergenNorway

Arctic sea-ice extent reaches its minimum each year in September. On 11 September 2023 the minimum was 4.969 million square kilometers(***^(2)). this was not a record low, which occurred in 2012, when the minimum was 4.175 ***^(2), 0.794 ***^(2) less than the minimum in 2023. However, the ice extent had decreased by 0.432 ***^(2) compared with 2022. Nevertheless, the summer melting in 2023 was remarkably less than expected when considering the strong heat waves in the atmosphere and ocean, with record temperatures set around the world. In general, there is a high correlation between the long-term decrease in sea-ice extent and the increasing CO_(2) in the atmosphere, where the increase of CO_(2) in recent decades explains about 80% of the decrease in sea ice in September, while the remainder is caused by natural variability.

关键词： Sea ice Arctic minimum ice Climate

Effects of single-tree selection harvesting on hymenopteran and saproxylic insect assemblages in the canopy and understory of northern temperate forests

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Journal of Forestry Research 2012年第2期23卷 275-284页

作者： Sandy m. Smith Nurul islam m. Isabel Bellocq Faculty of Forestry University of Toronto 33 Willcocks St. Toronto Ontario M5S 3B3 Canada Departamento de Ecología Genética y Evolución FCEN Universidad de Buenos Aires CONICEt. Ciudad Universitaria Pab 2 Piso 4 Buenos Aires 1426 Argentina

Insects respond to changes in microhabitat caused by canopy disturbance, and thus can be used to examine the ecological impacts of harvesting. Single-tree selection harvesting is the most common silvicultural system used to emulate local small-scale natural disturbance and maintain uneven-aged forest structure in temperate forests. Here, we test for differences in richness, abundance, and composition of hymenopteran and saproxylic insect assemblages at four different taxon levels （selected insect orders; and all hymenopteran families, and braconid subfamilies and morphospecies） between the canopy and understory of unharvested and single-tree selection harvested sites in a northern temperate forest from central Canada. Harvesting had no effect on insect assemblage richness, composition or abundance at the three highest taxon levels （order, family and subfamily）. Similarly, richness and abundance at the lowest-taxon level （braconid morphospecies） were similar, although composition differed slightly between unharvested and harvested stands. Insect assemblages were vertically stratified, with generally higher abundance （for Diptera, Hymenoptera, some hymenopteran families and braconid subfamilies） and richness （for braconid morphospecies） in the understory than the canopy. In particular, composition of the braconid morphospecies assemblage showed relatively low similarity between the understory and canopy. Single-tree selection harvesting appears to influence wood-associated insect taxa only subtly through small changes in community composition at the lowest taxon level, and thus is recommended as a conservative approach for managing these northern temperate forests.

关键词： selection harvesting insect communities canopy insects Jack pine forests forest management high-taxon level insect conserva-tion

Insights from an academic endeavor into central nervous system drug discovery

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1717-1718页

作者： Lieve van Veggel An m.Voets tim Vanmierlo Rudy Schreiber BIOmED Biomedical Research Institute Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesHasselt UniversityHasseltBelgium Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology Division of Translational NeuroscienceEuropean Graduate School of NeuroscienceSchool for Mental Health and NeuroscienceMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands Section of Psychopharmacology Neuropsychology and PsychopharmacologyFaculty of Psychology and NeuroscienceMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands University mS Center(UmSC) Hasselt-PeltBelgium

Historically,"big pharma"did most central nervous system drug discovery R&D ***,in modern times their"management reductionism"resulted in disappointing pipelines and pharma resided to(late)development,regulatory approval,and marketing(thong,2015).this had significant consequences for financing and executing research,resulting in a larger role for funding by governments and patient-organizations and a shift of research to academia(mazzucato,2013).

关键词： academic approval consequences

Neurocircuit regeneration by extracellular matrix reprogramming

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2300-2301页

作者： Shengzhang Su Ian N.Levasseur Kimberly m.Alonge Department of medicinal Chemistry University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Department of Chemistry University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Department of medicine University of Washington Medicine Diabetes InstituteSeattleWAUSA

the brain's extracellular matrix(ECm),which is comprised of protein and glycosaminoglycan(GAG)scaffolds,constitutes 20%-40% of the human brain and is considered one of the largest influencers on brain cell functioning(Soles et al.,2023).Synthesized by neural and glial cells,the brain's ECm regulates a myriad of homeostatic cellular processes,including neuronal plasticity and firing(miyata et al.,2012),cation buffering(moraws ki et al.,2015),and glia-neuron interactions(Anderson et al.,2016).Considering the diversity of functions,dynamic remodeling of the brain's ECm indicates that this understudied medium is an active participant in both normal physiology and neurological diseases.

关键词： matrix programming

Antitumor activity of Aponogeton undulatus against Ehrilich ascites carcinoma in Swiss albino mice

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Asian Pacific Journal of tropical medicine 2015年第6期8卷 431-438页

作者： md Reyazul islam md BadrulAlam Ummetamima Shayla islam Jenny Department of Bioactive materials Science Chonbuk National University567Baekje-daeroDeokjin-guJeonju-siJeollabuk-doRepublic of Korea Graduate School of Food Science & Biotechnology Kyungpook National University 80Daehak-raBuk-guDaeguRepublic of Korea Department of Pharmacy Atishlipankar University of Science & Technology College of Pharmacy Seoul National UniversityI Guanak-roGuanak-guSeoulRepublic of Korea

Objective:to investigate in vitro antioxidant and in vivo antitumor activity of the crude methanolic extract of Aponogeton undulatus(mAU) along with its various organic ***:Aponogeton undulatus leaves were successively extracted using methanol(mAU)and then fractionated by chloroform,ethyl acetate(EAU) and *** total antioxidant capacity,lipid peroxidation inhibition assay.1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) free radical scavenging assay and ferrous reducing power assessment were used to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the crude extract and its organic *** in vivo antitumor activity is evaluated against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma(EAC) cell bearing in Swiss albino ***:EAU showed the highest antioxidant capacity as(175.80±0.41)mg/g,IC_(50)value of DPPH scavenging activity was(38.84±0.02)μg/mL and also exhibited maximum lipid peroxidation inhibition activity with the IC_(50) value of(42.52±0.32)μg/mL than other *** results demonstrate that reducing power of the extract was concentration *** addition,EAU was administered at 50.100 and 200 mg/kg body weight respectively to EAC cell bearing mice and a significant(Ptumor volume,packed cell volume and viable cell count and also increased the life span(17.52% .42.53% and 62.05% ).Hematological profiles were restored to normal levels in mAU treated mice as compared to EAC control ***:the results were found to be significant and confirmed that the Aponogeton undulatus has remarkable antitumor activity with antioxidant potential.

关键词： Antioxidant Antitumor Ehrlich ascites carcinoma Aponogeton undulatus

Analysis of Social and Psychological terrain of Bank Erosion Victims: A Study Along the Bhagirathi River, West Bengal, India

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Chinese Geographical Science 2018年第6期28卷 1009-1026页

作者： Aznarul islam Sanat Kumar GUCHHAIt Department of Geography Aliah University Kolkata 700014 India Department of Geography The University of Burdwan Burdwan 713104 India

Social psychology of people affected by hazards is different from normal psychology. For example, severe bank erosion in the lower reach of the Bhagirathi River in West Bengal has resulted in significant land loss （-60% of all households lost land over last 20 years） and affected the livelihoods of the people in the study villages along the river. Per capita income has almost halved from 1970-2012 due to land loss. this stark nature of land erosion and vulnerability of livelihood has had far-reaching repercussions on the fabric of society and the psychology of the people in this region. Results showed that erosion-affected villages have registered compara- tively larger average family sizes （-4.1 as compared to -3.9 in non-affected villages）, lower literacy levels （〈 50% compared to 〉 65% for the non-affected villages）, and poor health. Reports of poor health as a result of land erosion include -60% of the respondents having reported physical ailments such as headache and abdominal discomfort, as well as 3%-5% reporting loss of emotional and psychological balance. Villages suffering from erosion showed higher positive loadings in average-coefficient of variation （CV） differential （25%-40%） depicting objectivity in their opinions for select variables of social processes. Principal component analysis （PCA） por- trayed maximum eigenvalues in the first principal component for interpersonal processes （-98%） and a minimum for intergroup proc- esses （-80%）. Categorical principal component analysis （CAtPCA） depicted a cluster between interpersonal and intergroup processes and another between intra-individual and group categories. the positive loadings in female-male differences in CV of perceptions portrayed relative consistency of males over the females concerning fear/phobia and physical stress while negative loadings exhibited higher consistency for females regarding psychological stress and shock. Lastly, the taj fel matrix portrayed a distinction between hazard psychol

关键词： social terrain psychological terrain riverbank erosion principal component analysis tajfel matrix Bhagirathi River

User-centered development and performance assessment of a modular full-body exoskeleton (AXO-SUIt)

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Biomimetic Intelligence & Robotics 2022年第2期2卷 9-16页

作者： Shaoping Bai m.R.islam Valerie Power Leonard OŚullivan Department of materials and Production Aalborg UniversityAalborg 9220Denmark School of Design Health Research Institute and CONFIRM Smart Manufacturing CentreUniversity of LimerickIreland

this paper presents the design and preliminary performance assessment of a full-body assistive exoskeleton(AXO-SUIt)for older ***-SUIt is a system that consists of separate lower-body and upper-body modular exoskeletons,which can be combined to form a full-body system to provide flexible physical assistance as *** full-body exoskeleton comprises 27 degrees of freedom(dof),of which 17 are passive and 10 *** can assist people in walking,standing,carrying and handling tasks.A user-centered design approach was adopted throughout the development of the *** paper describes the design process of AXOSUIt,involving a review of user needs,a kinematic and kinetic motion study,and innovative system *** with the developed systems were conducted on selected end-user subjects,covering both performance evaluations at different levels and useability ***-user testing results show the effectiveness of the exoskeleton in providing flexible physical assistance.

关键词： Exoskeletons Physical assistance for the elderly User-centered design Performance assessment

the Dauki Fault at the Shillong Plateau-Bengal Basin Boundary in Northeastern India:2D Finite Element modeling

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Journal of Earth Science 2012年第6期23卷 854-863页

作者： md Shofiqul islam Ryuichi Shinjo Faculty of Science University of the RyukyusOkinawa 903-0213Japan Department of Petroleum and mining Engineering Shahjalal University of Science and TechnologySylhet 3114Bangladesh

the Dauki fault is a major fault along the southern boundary of the Shillong plateau that may be a source of destructive seismic hazards for the adjoining areas, including northeastern Bangladesh. In this study, we simulated the present stress distribution and the ongoing convergence deformation within the study area using numerical simulation. this simulation attempts to deter- mine the proper dip angle of the Dauki fault from a variety of differently established models but with the same realistic boundary conditions. the simulated stress field helped to predict the type of tec- tonic environment and the faulting patterns of the study area. the best-fit model can account for the compressive stress regime in the study area, except in the uppermost part of the Shillong plateau, the Bengal basin, and Assam areas where extensional stress regimes exists. In the model, the elements for which mohr-Coulomb＇s failure occurs correspond with the observed earthquake data that refer to the Dauki fault as a north-dipping thrust fault.

关键词： Dauki fault Bengal basin tectonic stress earthquake.

Characterization of ^(68)Zn uptake,translocation,and accumulation into developing grains and young leaves of high Zn-density rice genotype

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2011年第5期12卷 408-418页

作者： md.Jahidul islam SHOHAG mOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health College of Environmental and Resource SciencesZhejiang University

Zinc(Zn) is an essential micronutrient for humans,but Zn deficiency has become serious as equally as iron(Fe) and vitamin A deficiencies *** and breeding of high Zn-density crops is a suitable,cost-effective,and sustainable way to improve human ***,the mechanism of high Zn density in rice grain is not fully understood,especially how Zn transports from soil to *** experiments were carried out to compare Zn uptake and distribution in two different Zn-density rice genotypes using stable isotope *** seedling stage,IR68144 showed higher 68Zn uptake and transport rate to the shoot for the short-term,but no signifi-cant difference was observed in both genotypes for the *** in xylem sap of IR68144 was consistently higher,and IR68144 exhibited higher Zn absorption ratio than IR64 at sufficient(2.0 μmol/L) or surplus(8.0 μmol/L) Zn supply ***64 and IR68144 showed similar patterns of 68Zn accumulation in new leaves at seedling stage and in de-veloping grains at ripening stage,whereas 68Zn in new leaves and grains of IR68144 was consistently *** results suggested that a rapid root-to-shoot translocation and enhanced xylem loading capacity may be the crucial processes for high Zn density in rice grains.

关键词： Zinc Stable isotope High Zn-density rice genotype translocation Remobilization