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Convergence of neuro-endocrine-immune pathways in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第27期20卷 8846-8858页

作者： maria m Buckley Siobhain m.o'mahony Dervla o'malley Department of Physiology Western Gateway Building University College Cork Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience and Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre University College Cork Department of Physiology and Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre University College Cork

Disordered signalling between the brain and the gut are generally accepted to underlie the functional bowel disorder, irritable bowel syndrome(IBS). However, partly due to the lack of disease-defining biomarkers, understanding the aetiology of this complex and multifactorial disease remains elusive. This com.on gastrointestinal disorder is characterised by alterations in bowel habit such as diarrhoea and/or constipation, bloating and abdominal pain, and symptom exacerbation has been linked with periods of stress, both psychosocial and infection-related. Indeed, a high level of comorbidity exists between IBS and stress-related m.od disorders such as anxiety and depression. moreover, studies have observed alterations in autonomic output and neuro-endocrine signalling in IBS patients. Accumulating evidence indicates that a maladaptive stress response, probably mediated by the stress hormone, corticotropin-releasing factor contributes to the initiation, persistence and severity of symptom *** risk factors for developing IBS include a positive family history, childhood trauma, dietary factors and prior gastrointestinal infection. An emerging role has been attributed to the im.ortance of immune factors in the pathophysiology of IBS with evidence of altered cytokine profiles and increased levels of mucosal immune cells. These factors have also been shown to have direct effects on neural signalling. This review discusses how pathological changes in neural, immune and endocrine pathways, and communication between these systems, contribute to symptom flares in IBS.

关键词： Stress Corticotropin-releasing factor Proinflammatory cytokines Enteric nervous system Vagus

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竞争性电力市场环境下的频率控制研究

华东电力 2006年第10期34卷 108-108页

作者： Ronan Doherty Gillian Lalor malley m.o 刘梦欣(选编) 上海交通大学电气工程系上海200240

电力系统的动态和惯性特性随系统频率控制的结果而发展。这对于规模较小的孤立系统尤为重要，因为简单的备用容量指标不足以确保系统的安全性。在电力市场环境下，需要用与市场分配方法相匹配的方式来实现系统频率控制，以确保系统的运... 详细信息

电力系统的动态和惯性特性随系统频率控制的结果而发展。这对于规模较小的孤立系统尤为重要，因为简单的备用容量指标不足以确保系统的安全性。在电力市场环境下，需要用与市场分配方法相匹配的方式来实现系统频率控制，以确保系统的运行成本最低。讨论了如何得到频率控制的约束条件，并如何将其包含到市场分配算法中，进而提出了一种线性规划、优化市场出清算法。通过对一个实际孤立系统的仿真，将该方法与采用传统备用容量指标的方法进行对比，评估了对市场价格、成本以及事故的数量和大小的影响，证明了该方法的有效性。

关键词：电力系统市场环境频率控制竞争性孤立系统容量指标运行成本分配算法

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二语习得中的听力策略(续)

外语教学理论与实践 1992年第3期 15-19页

作者： J.m.o’malley 潘裕高

这些活动是从下列类型的活动中选出来的:历史讲座、科学实验、科学讲座、短篇故事以及听写。每个听力材料都显然包括几个停顿,在停顿时,采访者停止录音,要求学生们尽可能把听到的东西同他们的思想联系起来。学生们可以用西班牙语或英语... 详细信息

这些活动是从下列类型的活动中选出来的:历史讲座、科学实验、科学讲座、短篇故事以及听写。每个听力材料都显然包括几个停顿,在停顿时,采访者停止录音,要求学生们尽可能把听到的东西同他们的思想联系起来。学生们可以用西班牙语或英语出声思考;大多数学生选择用西班牙语出声思考,偶然用英语加以评论。采访者通常用西班牙语提出问题。在学生们似乎不能确定如何继续进行时,就提出一些试探性问题,例如:

关键词：听力策略听力材料采访者短篇故事主要意思学习策略听力课学习过程国外外语教学应用策略

拓扑替康1次/周治疗难治性复发性卵巢上皮癌的效果

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（妇产科学分册） 2005年第12期1卷 47-48页

作者： o' malley D.m. Azodi m. makkenchery A. 张丽娟 Division of Gynecologic oncology Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences Yale University School of Medicine PO Box 208063 New Haven CT 06520 United States

objective. To investigate weekly topotecan in heavily pretreated patients with recurrent ovarian cancer. methods. The records of patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer who were treated with weekly topotecan after failure of ≥ 1 prior regimen were reviewed. Patients received topotecan (median starting dose 2.5 mg/m2) on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28- day cycle. Antitumor response was assessed after 2 cycles by serial CA- 125 levels. Results. Thirty-five heavily pretreated patients received a mean of 5 cycles of topotecan (range, 1- 13 cycles)- . Thirty-two patients had definable platinum sensitivity (16 sensitive, 8 resistant, 8 refractory). median age was 56 years. A total of 177 cycles (534 weeks) of topotecan was administered. Hematologic toxicity was generally mild, and no grade 4 toxicities were observed. Grade 3 hematologic toxicity, including leukopenia, neutropenia, throm.ocytopenia, and anemia, was observed in 2, 2, 1, and 0 patients, respectively. No patients experienced grade 3 or 4 nonhematologic toxicity. Based on serial CA- 125 measurements, there were 1 (3% ) complete and 5 (15% ) partial responses, with 1 of the partial responses in a patient with platinum-refractory disease. Stable disease was reported in 13 (38% ) patients, including 5 patients with platinum-resistant/refractory disease. Conclusion. Weekly topotecan demonstrates activity and is well tolerated compared with historical data with the standard 5- day schedule. Higher doses may be warranted because of the high tolerability shown for weekly topotecan. Weekly topotecan may be an appropriate treatment option for patients with recurrent ovarian cancer, especially heavily pretreated patients who might require dosing schedules with improved tolerability.

关键词：卵巢上皮癌拓扑替康复发性卵巢癌毒性反应水平评价白细胞减少历史数据中性粒细胞了中

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二语初、中级学生学习技巧

外语教学理论与实践 1992年第1期 36-40页

作者： J.m.o'malley A.U.Chamot 肖建壮陈小华山东聊城师院江西上饶师专

引言本文描述了我们研究的情况,从中我们获得了关于技巧,运用这些技巧的学生和需要运用这些技巧的二语任务的综合的和具体的资料。此项研究试对二语习得过程中所运用的技巧进行定义和分类,并采访了部分把英语作为二语学习的学生(ESL学生... 详细信息

引言本文描述了我们研究的情况,从中我们获得了关于技巧,运用这些技巧的学生和需要运用这些技巧的二语任务的综合的和具体的资料。此项研究试对二语习得过程中所运用的技巧进行定义和分类,并采访了部分把英语作为二语学习的学生(ESL学生,下同),要求他们回顾自己的学习情况。在我们开始二语习得学习技巧研究时。

关键词：学习技巧技巧研究学习活动超认知教师话语中级水平中所交际手段口语活动课堂观察

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少动鞘氨醇单胞菌及其感染的临床特点和治疗

中华传染病杂志 2012年第12期30卷 751-754页

作者：华春珍娄国强 Richard·malley 杭州师范大学临床医学院杭州师范大学附属医院杭州市第二人民医院儿科310018 杭州师范大学临床医学院杭州师范大学附属医院杭州市第二人民医院感染科310018 Division of Infectious Disease Children's Hospital Harvard MedicalSchool Boston USA (Richard. Malley)

少动鞘氨醇单胞菌（Sphingomonas paucimobilis）属于非发酵革兰阴性杆菌，该菌与铜绿假单胞菌、鲍氏不动杆菌和嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌等其他非发酵杆菌一样，是临床医疗环境中的重要条件致病菌，常侵犯因存在基础疾病或经历手术而免疫功能... 详细信息

少动鞘氨醇单胞菌（Sphingomonas paucimobilis）属于非发酵革兰阴性杆菌，该菌与铜绿假单胞菌、鲍氏不动杆菌和嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌等其他非发酵杆菌一样，是临床医疗环境中的重要条件致病菌，常侵犯因存在基础疾病或经历手术而免疫功能低下的个体[1]。虽然少动鞘氨醇单胞菌感染不如铜绿假单胞菌等非发酵菌常见，但因该菌对营养要求极低，在贫营养甚至消毒环境也能长期生存，因此广泛存在于医院环境中。过滤是很多医用液体除菌的最后一道程序，而少动鞘氨醇单胞菌却能穿过直径0．2μm的除菌过滤网，因此容易污染临床静脉用药和透析液等各类无菌液体，从而引起医源性感染播散[2-3]。

关键词：少动鞘氨醇单胞菌医源性感染临床特点非发酵革兰阴性杆菌嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌铜绿假单胞菌治疗鲍氏不动杆菌

儿童反复腹痛多维度量方法的创建:在3个机构进行的基于人口的研究

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（儿科学分册） 2006年第9期2卷 58-60页

作者： malaty H.m. Abudayyeh S. o'malley K.J. 贺莉 Veterans Affairs medical Center (111D) 2002 Holcombe BlvdHoustonTX 77030United States Dr.

objective. Recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) is a com.on problem in children and adolescents. Evaluation and treatment of children with RAP continue to challenge physicians because of the lack of a psychometrically sound measure for RAP. A major obstacle to progress in research on RAP has been the lack of a biological marker for RAP and the lack of a reliable and valid clinical measure for RAP. The objectives of this study were (1) to develop and test a multidimensional measure for RAP (mm-RAP) in children to serve as a primary outcome measure for clinical trials,(2) to evaluate the reliability of the measure and compare its responses across different populations,and (3) to examine the reliabilities of the measure scales in relation to the demographic variables of the studied population. methods. We conducted 3 cross-sectional studies. Two studies were clinic-based studies that enrolled children with RAP from 1 pediatric gastroenterology clinic and 6 primary care clinics. The third study was a community-based study in which children from 1 elementary and 2 middle schools were screened for frequent episodes of abdominal pain. The 3 studies were conducted in Houston,Texas. Inclusion criteria for the clinicbased studies were (1) age of 4 to 18 years; (2) abdominal pain that had persisted for 3 or more months; (3) abdominal pain that was moderate to severe and interfered with some or all regular activities; (4) abdominal pain that may or may not be accompanied by upper-gastrointestinal symptoms; and (5) children were accompanied by a parent or guardian who was capable of giving informed consent,and children over the age of 10 years were capable of giving informed assent. The community-based study used standardized questionnaires that were offered to 1080 children/parents from the 3 participating schools; 700 completed and returned the questionnaires (65% response rate). The questionnaire was designed to elicit data concerning the history of abdominal pain or discom.ort. A

关键词：儿童反复腹痛上消化道症状度量标准反复性腹痛疼痛强度失能因子分析横断面研究疾病特异性

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二语习得中的听力策略

外语教学理论与实践 1992年第2期 14-17页

作者： J.m.o’malley A.U.Chamot L.Kupper 潘裕高

引言听力已成为许多二语习得和教学理论的关键所在,这些理论把注意力集中于二语熟练程度的初级水平,构成这些理论的设想在于,语言学习是一个含蓄的过程,在这个过程中,语言规侧通过置身于广泛的真实话语中,尤其是置身于对听者而言有适当... 详细信息

引言听力已成为许多二语习得和教学理论的关键所在,这些理论把注意力集中于二语熟练程度的初级水平,构成这些理论的设想在于,语言学习是一个含蓄的过程,在这个过程中,语言规侧通过置身于广泛的真实话语中,尤其是置身于对听者而言有适当难度而又可理解的话语输入中而内在化了。当运用于教学时经过教师加工的输入将提高学生的理解力,而增强了的理解力将反过来促进语言的习得。这些讨论的重心完全放在教师对输入的加工上,以便增强理解,而不是放在听者处理输入的方法上。据说,听者的自觉处理在教学中没有得到强调,因为语言的习得是一个含蓄的过程。

关键词：听力策略语言学习教学理论初级水平学习策略内在化心理过程母语干扰语言学知识超认知

综述:β阻滞剂降低心力衰竭患者死亡率和治疗退出率,但增加眩晕和心动过缓发生率

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英国医学杂志中文版 2005年第4期8卷 246-247页

作者： Ko DT Hebert PR Coffey CS H m Kntm.olz 戴研（译） Patric G o＇malley 不详 Yale University New Haven CT USA. Walter Reed Army medical Center and Uniformed Services University Washington DC USA

对于收缩功能不全的心力衰竭（HF )患者，β阻滞剂的治疗风险是什么？

关键词： β阻滞剂心力衰竭死亡率治疗退出率眩晕心动过缓药物治疗