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Limited impacts of occasional tillage on dry aggregate size distribution and soil carbon and nitrogen fractions in semi-arid drylands

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International soil and Water Conservation research 2024年第1期12卷 96-106页

作者： Wooiklee s.Paye Vesh r.Thapa rajan Ghimire new mexico state University Agricultural Science CenterClovisNM88101USA new mexico state University Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesLas CrucesNM88003USA

Tillage m.n.gem.n. that m.n.mizes the frequency and intensity of soil disturbance can increase soil carbon(C)and nitrogen(n)sequestration and improve the resilience of dryland cropping systems,yet the impact of occasional disturbance on soil aggregate formation and the soil organic carbon(sOC)storage within aggregates has not been studied *** evaluated the effect of four tillage m.n.gem.n. practices on soil dry aggregate size distribution,aggregate-protected C and n,m.n.ral-associated organic matter carbon(mAOm-C),particulate organic matter carbon(POm-C),and corn(Zea mays L.)and sorghum(sorghum bicolor(L.)moench)yields in a semi-arid dryland cropping *** included conventional tillage(CT),strip-tillage(sT),no-tillage(nT),and occasional tillage(OT)m.n.gem.n. in a corn-sorghum *** macro-aggregates were 51-54%greater under sT,nT,and OT,while small and micro-aggregates were greater in *** tillage reduced soil aggregate-associated C by 28-31%in macro-aggregates and 47-53%in small aggregates at 26 m.n.hs(m)sampling compared to sT,nT,and *** clay+silt fraction,CT had 14-16%,21-26%,and 36-43%less sOC at 7,14,and 26m samplings,respectively,than sT,nT,and *** associated n was generally similar under sT,nT,and OT,which was greater on average than *** mOAm-C and POm-C under sT,nT,and OT were generally greater than respective sOC fractions under CT at 19 and 26 m after OT *** and sorghum yields were similar am.n. tillage systems in 2020,but greater under sT,nT,and OT than CT in *** results suggest that while frequent intensive tillage can lower sOC and n storage,a single stubble mulch occasional tillage after several years of nT does not lead to soil C and n losses and soil structural instability in semi-arid drylands.

关键词： Conventional tillage Occasional tillage aggregate associated carbon m.n.ral associated organic matter carbon(mAOm-C) Particulate organic matter carbon(POm-C)

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Further investigation on the fusion of ^(6)Li with ^(209)Bi target at near-barrier energies

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第7期48卷 106-117页

作者：张高龙焦振威张广鑫 m.r.Cortes 胡世鹏钱建强 D.m.n.oni 屈卫卫李聪博郑云张焕乔孙慧斌王楠张春雷 J.J.Valiente-Dobón D.Testov m.mazzocco A.Gozzelino C.Parascandolo D.Pierroutsakou m.La Commara A.Goasduff D.Bazzacco D.r.napoli F.Galtarossa F.recchia A.Illana s.Bakes I.Zanon s.Aydin G.de Angelis m.siciliano r.m.n.gazzo s.m.Lenzi J.L.Ferreira J.rangel serkan Akkoyun L.F.Canto J.Lubian school of Physics Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China sino-French Institute of nuclear Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-Sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Instituto de Física Universidade Federal Fluminense24210-340NiteróiRio de JaneiroBrazil Institute for Advanced study in nuclear Energy&safety Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China shenzhen Key Laboratory of research and m.n.facture of High Purity Germ.n.um materials and Fetectors Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China InFn Sezione di PadovaPadovaItaly Dipartim.n.o di fisica Astronomia dell'Universita di padova PadovaItaly state Key Laboratory of radiation medicine and Protection School of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhou 215123China China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing 102413China The Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and material modification of m.n.stry of Education College of Nuclear Science and TechnologyBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China InFn Laboratori Nazionali di LegnaroI-35020 LegnaroItaly InFn Sezione di NapoliI-80126 NapoliItaly Dipartim.n.o di Farmacia Universitàdi Napoli"Federico II"I-80131 NapoliItaly Departm.n. of natural and mathematical sciences Faculty of EngineeringTarsus University33480 MersinTurkiye Physics Division Argonne National LaboratoryLemont-ILUSA Departam.n.o de matemaética Física e Computaç˜ao Universidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroFaculdade de Tecnologia27537-000ResendeRio de JaneiroBrazil Departm.n. of Physics Sivas Cumhuriyet UniversitySivasTurkey Instituto de Física Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroCP 6852821941-972Rio de JaneiroBrazil

The complete and incomplete fusion cross sections for ^(6)Li+^(209)Bi were measured using the in-beamγ-ray method around the Coulomb *** cross sections of(deuteron captured)incomplete fusion(ICF)products were re-quantified experim.n.ally for this reaction *** results reveal that the ICF cross section is equivalent to that of complete fusion(CF)above the Coulomb barrier and dom.n.nt near or below the Coulomb barrier.A theoretical calculation based on the continuum discretized coupled channel(CDCC)method was performed for the aforem.n.ioned CF and ICF cross sections;the result is consistent with the *** universal fusion function(UFF)was also compared with the measured CF cross section for different barrier parameters,dem.n.trating that the CF suppression factor is significantly influenced by the choice of potential,which can reflect both dynamic and static effects of breakup on the fusion process.

关键词： cross section incomplete fusion suppression factor weakly bound nuclei

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Old-growth mixed dipterocarp forests show variable losses and gains in aboveground biomass and standing carbon over forty years

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 14-23页

作者： sisira Ediriweera Champika Bandara Tithira Lakkana shanika Jayasinghe David Woodbury Arun Dayanandan B.m.P.singhakumara Xiangcheng mi I.A.U.n.Gunatilleke C.V.s.Gunatilleke mark sAshton Departm.n. of science and Technology Uva Wellassa UniversityBadullaSri Lanka The Forest school Yale School of the EnvironmentYale UniversityNew HavenCT06511USA Departm.n. of Forestry and Environm.n.al science University of Sri JayewardenepuraNugegodaSri Lanka state Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environm.n.al Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100093China Botany Departm.n. University of PeradeniyaPeradeniyaSri Lanka

Background:no studies have docum.n.ed long-term trends in aboveground biomass(agB)for mixed-dipterocarp forests(mDF),the dom.n.nt rain forest type in tropical wet equatorial *** our study,we sought to docum.n. such trends over forty years across three sites representing lowland to lower m.n.ane ***:To do this,we established fifty 100 m×25 m plots in 1978 across three sites sampled along an elevation gradient,identified as mature old-growth *** measured trees for diameter at breast height that we identified to species and *** took wood samples to calculate species wood-specific *** re-measured plots in 1998 and again in ***:We show standing agB for all sites combined to be 517.52 mg·ha^(-1)in 1978,but this declined by 17%over 40 years to 430.11 mg·ha^(-1).no differences exist am.n. sites in agB primarily because of considerable within site variation;but interactions of time with site show declines across sites were not uniform,one remained about the *** few species represented a high proportion of the agB with the top five species comprising between 34%and 65%,depending upon site and year *** species,mesua nagassarium,represented a disproportionately large amount of agB and decline over time,particularly at the low elevation ***:Our results are directly relevant to estimating agB and standing carbon sequestered in *** study is the first to dem.n.trate varying but overall,declining trends in amounts of agB am.n. forests making predictions of biomass and standing carbon in mDF difficult over wide regions.

关键词： Western ghats shorea spp. southeast Asia sri Lanka Tropical rain forest Wood specific gravity

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Fast prediction of rain erosion in wind turbine blades using a data-based computational tool

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2024年第3期36卷 504-518页

作者： Juan m.Gim.n.z sergio r.Idelsohn Eugenio Oñate Centre Internacional de mètodes numèrics en Enginyeria(CImnE) Edifici C1 Campus Nord UPC C/Gran CapitàS/NBarcelonaSpain

Wind turbines(WTs)face a high risk of failure due to environm.n.al factors like erosion,particularly in high-precipitation areas and offshore *** this paper we introduce a novel computational tool for the fast prediction of rain erosion damage on WT blades that is useful in operation and maintenance decision making *** approach is as follows:Pseudo-Direct numerical simulation(P-Dns)simulations of the droplet-laden flow around the blade section profile are employed to build a high-fidelity data set of impact statistics for potential operating *** this database as training data,a machine learning-based surrogate model provides the feature of the impact pattern over the 2-D section for given wind and rain *** this information,a fatigue-based model estimates the remaining lifetime and erosion damage for both homogeneous and coating-substrate blade *** prediction is done by quantifying the accumulated droplet impact energy and evaluating operative conditions over time periods for which the weather at the installation site is *** this work,we describe the modules that compose the prediction method,namely the database creation,the training of the surrogate model and their coupling to build the prediction ***,the method is applied to predict the remaining lifetime and erosion damage to the blade sections of a reference *** evaluate the reliability of the tool,several site locations(offshore,coastal,and inland),the coating material and the coating thickness of the blade are *** few m.n.tes we are able to estimate erosion after m.n. years of *** results are in good agreem.n. with field observations,showing the promise of the new rain erosion prediction approach.

关键词： Wind turbine blades leading edge erosion fatigue Pseudo-Direct numerical simulation(P-Dns) machine learning eblader

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Changes in children’s cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index over the course of the COVID‑19 pandemic:a 34‑m.n.h longitudinal study of 331 primary school children

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第2期20卷 185-188页

作者： Gerald Jarnig reinhold Kerbl mireille n.m.van Poppel Institute of Hum.n.movem.n. science Sport and HealthUniversity of GrazMozartgasse 148010 GrazAustria Departm.n. of Pediatrics and Adolescent medicine LKH Hochsteiermark8700 LeobenAustria

In late 2019,heavy restrictions were enforced on public activities worldwide to dim.n.sh the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(sArs-CoV-2)virus[1].These restrictions,which included school closures and strictly limited sports and leisure opportunities,particularly impacted children and adolescents[2].Lifestyle changes in children and adolescents led to reduced physical activity levels[2,3],increased sedentary behavior[3,4],changes in eating habits,and changes in sleep habits[3].

关键词： respiratory acute children

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A hydrodynamic modelling of wave-activated bodies for wavelet marine regions

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CLEAn EnErGY 2024年第2期8卷 35-47页

作者： Peh, J. s. muhieldeen, mohammed W. shuaib, n. H. UCsI Univ Fac Engn Technol & Built Environm Mech Engn Dept Kuala Lumpur 56000 Malaysia mTC Engineer sdn Bhd Shah Alam Selangor Malaysia

recently, most wave energy research has targeted sea areas with high power density under extreme wave conditions for deploym.n.. This trend often leads to higher energy costs for wave power plants. However, m.n. marine areas with low power density, characterized by wavelet conditions and less destructive forces than extreme wave conditions, remain underexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to propose a wave-activated body model for sea regions with wavelet conditions. The wave-activated body design process encompassed site selection, parameter determ.n.tion, geometry design, comparison and perform.n.e evaluation using the AnsYs (r) AQWA model. The results indicated that the proposed device achieved the desired heave motion, with an amplitude range of 1.2 to -2.5 m, validating its potential for deploym.n. in marine regions with wavelet conditions. notably, while the proposed design is optimized for wavelet conditions, it was found to have potential limitations in extreme wave environm.n.s. This observation emphasizes the challenge of formulating a generalized design suitable for both conditions. Consequently, it is pivotal for wave-activated body designs to be customized based on the specific ocean conditions they target, underscoring the need for specialized designs of wave energy converters that consider the unique wave characteristics of their deploym.n. sites. A wave-activated body is designed for energy generation in ocean regions with wavelet conditions. Hydrodynamic modelling is carried out for two locations with different wave characteristics to determ.n. the optimum conditions for deploym.n.. Graphical Abstract

关键词： wave energy converter south China sea renewable and sustainable energy wavelet AnsYs AQWA hydrodynamic wave-activated bodies EnErGY ImPACT

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methionine sources and genotype affect embryonic intestinal developm.n.,antioxidants,tight junctions,and growth-related gene expression in chickens

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Animal nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 218-230页

作者： James K.Lugata sawadi F.ndunguru Gebrehaweria K.reda Xénia E.Ozsváth Eszter Angyal Levente Czeglédi Gabriella Gulyás renáta Knop János Oláh Zoltán mészár rita Varga Brigitta Csernus Csaba szabó Departm.n. of Animal nutrition and Physiology Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental ManagementUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Departm.n. of Animal Husbandry Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental ManagementUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Faculty of agriculture and Food sciences and Environm.n.al m.n.gem.n. Doctoral School of Animal ScienceUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Institutes for agricultural research and Educational Farm University of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Departm.n. of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Departm.n. of Evolutionary Zoology and Hum.n.Biology Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary

methionine(met)is an essential and first limiting am.n. acid in the poultry diet that plays a significant role in chicken embryonic developm.n. and *** present study exam.n.d the effect of in ovo injection of DL-met and L-met sources and genotypes on chicken embryonic-intestinal developm.n. and *** eggs of the two genotypes,TETrA-sL layer hybrid(TsL)—commercial layer hybrid and Hungarian Partridge colored hen breed(HPC)—a native genotype,were randomly distributed into four treatm.n.s for each *** treatm.n. groups include the following:1)control non-injected eggs(noIn);2)saline-injected(saIn);3)DL-met injected(DLm);and 4)L-met injected(Lm).The in ovo injection was carried out on 17.5 d of embryonic developm.n.;after hatching,eight chicks per group were sacrificed,and the jejunum was extracted for *** results showed that both DLm and Lm groups had enhanced intestinal developm.n. as evidenced by increased villus width,villus height,and villus area(Pmpared to the *** DLm group had significantly reduced crypt depth,glutathione(GsH)content,glutathione s-transferase 3 alpha(GsT3),occludin(OCLn)gene expression and increased villus height to crypt depth ratio in the TsL genotype than the Lm group(Pnotype has overexpressed insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF1)gene,tricellulin(mD2),occludin(OCLn),superoxide dismutase 1(sOD1),and GsT3 genes than the TsL genotype(Pn conclusion,these findings showed that in ovo injection of met enhanced intestinal developm.n.,and function,with genotypes responding differently under normal *** also influenced the expression of intestinal antioxidants,tight junction,and growth-related genes.

关键词： DL-methionine L-methionine In ovo injection Intestinal developm.n. Poultry

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A Collocation Technique via Pell-Lucas Polynomials to solve Fractional Differential Equationmodel for HIV/AIDs with Treatm.n. Compartm.n.

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Computer modeling in Engineering & sciences 2024年第10期141卷 281-310页

作者： Gamze Yıldırım suayip Yüzbası Departm.n. of mathematics Faculty of ScienceAkdeniz UniversityAntalya07058Turkey Departm.n. of mathematics Faculty of Basic ScienceGebze Technical UniversityKocaeli41400Turkey Departm.n. of mathematics Faculty of ScienceBartın UniversityBartın74100Turkey

In this study,a numerical method based on the Pell-Lucas polynomials(PLPs)is developed to solve the fractional order HIV/AIDs epidemic model with a treatm.n. *** HIV/AIDs mathematical model with a treatm.n. compartm.n. is divided into five classes,namely,susceptible patients(s),HIV-positive individuals(I),individuals with full-blown AIDs but not receiving ArV treatm.n.(A),individuals being treated(T),and individuals who have changed their sexual habits sufficiently(r).According to the method,by utilizing the PLPs and the collocation points,we convert the fractional order HIV/AIDs epidemic model with a treatm.n. compartm.n. into a nonlinear system of the algebraic ***,the error analysis is presented for the Pell-Lucas approximation *** aim of this study is to observe the behavior of five populations after 200 days when drug treatm.n. is applied to HIV-infectious and full-blown AIDs *** dem.n.trate the usefulness of this method,the applications are made on the numerical example with the help of *** addition,four cases of the fractional order derivative(p=1,p=0.95,p=0.9,p=0.85)are exam.n.d in the range[0,200].Owing to applications,we figured out that the outcomes have quite decent ***,we understand that the errors decrease when the value of n *** figures in this study are created in *** outcomes indicate that the presented method is reasonably sufficient and correct.

关键词： Collocation method fractional differential equations HIV/AIDs epidemic model Pell-Lucas polynomials

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solar-assisted photocatalytic water splitting using defective UiO-66 solids from modulated synthesis

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nano research 2024年第5期17卷 4134-4150页

作者： Celia m.rueda-navarro maría Cabrero-Antonino Paula Escamilla Valentín Díez-Cabanes Dong Fan Pedro Atienzar Belén Ferrer Ignacio Vayá Guillaume maurin Herme G.Baldoví sergio navalón Departam.n.o de Química Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaCamino de Vera s/nValencia 46022Spain Instituto de Ciencia molecular(ICmOL) Universitat de ValènciaPaterna 46980Spain ICGm Univ.MontpellierCNRSENSCMMontpellier34095France Instituto de Tecnología Química(UPV-CsIC) Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaAvenida de los Naranjos s/nValencia 46022Spain

metal-organic frameworks(mOFs)are attracting increasing interests as photocatalysts for solar-driven hydrogen production from *** paper reports on a comparative study of using either acetic acid(AA)or trifluoroacetic acid(TFA)as the representative UiO-66 organic modulators for synthesizing visible light responsive UiO-66(Zr)-X(X:nH_(2) or nO_(2))photocatalysts for water *** results show that photocatalytic hydrogen generation from a water/methanol mixture can be improved by varying the nature and amount of the modulator employed to prepare the different UiO-66(Zr)-X(X:nH_(2) or nO_(2))solid ***-66(Zr)-nH_(2) was the most active photocatalyst,followed by UiO-66(Zr)-nO_(2),both prepared with 12 equivalents of AA with respect to the organic *** UiO-66(Zr)-nH_(2) solid was more active than the parent mOF in photocatalytic overall water splitting(OWs)(H_(2) and O_(2) production of 450 and 160μmol·g^(-1),respectively,in 5 h;apparent quantum yield(AQY)at 400 nm of 0.06%)in the absence of methanol and compares favourably with analogous *** on the photocatalytic activity of the most active solids of both series was obtained by means of a series of techniques,including ultraviolet-visible(UV-vis)diffuse reflectance,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPs),laser flash photolysis(LFP),electron spin resonance(Esr),photolum.n.scence and photoelectrochemical measurem.n.s together with density functional theory(DFT)*** results showed that organic acid modulators can be used to enhance the photocatalytic activity of missing linker UiO-66 defective materials in solar-powered water splitting.

关键词： heterogeneous photocatalysis metal-organic frameworks(mOFs) UiO-66 materials carboxylic acid modulators water splitting solar light

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Characterization of bright betatron radiation generated by direct laser acceleration of electrons in plasma of near critical density

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matter and radiation at Extremes 2024年第2期9卷 26-35页

作者： J.Cikhardt m.Gyrdymov s.Zähter P.Tavana m.m.Günther n.Bukharskii n.Borisenko J.Jacoby X.F.shen A.Pukhov n.E.Andreev O.n.rosmej Faculty of Electrical Engineering Czech Technical University in Prague16627 Prague 6Czech Republic Goethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Straße 160438 Frankfurt am MainGermany GsI Helmholtzzentrum für schwerionenforschung GmbH Planckstraße 164291 DarmstadtGermany Focused Energy GmbH Im Tiefen See 4564293 DarmstadtGermany national research nuclear University mEPhI Kashirskoe shosse 31115409 MoscowRussian Federation Lebedev Physical Institute rAs Leninskiy Prospekt 53119991 MoscowRussian Federation Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1DüsseldorfGermany Joint Institute for High Temperatures RASIzhorskaya st.13Bldg.2125412 MoscowRussian Federation moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Institutskiy Pereulok 9141700 DolgoprudnyRussia

Directed x-rays produced in the interaction of sub-picosecond laser pulses of moderate relativistic intensity with plasma of near-critical density are investigated. synchrotron-like (betatron) radiation occurs in the process of direct laser acceleration (DLA) of electrons in a relativisticlaser channel when the electrons undergo transverse betatron oscillations in self-generated quasi-static electric and magnetic fields. In anexperim.n. at the PHELIX laser system, high-current directed beams of DLA electrons with a mean energy ten times higher than the ponderomotive potential and maximum energy up to 100 meV were measured at 10^(19) W/cm^(2)laser intensity. The spectrum of directed x-raysin the range of 5–60 keV was evaluated using two sets of ross filters placed at 0°and 10°to the laser pulse propagation axis. The differential x-ray absorption method allowed for absolute measurem.n.s of the angular-dependent photon fluence. We report 10^(13) photons/sr withenergies >5 keV measured at 0°to the laser axis and a brilliance of 10^(21) photons s^(−1) mm^(−2) mrad−2(0.1%BW)−1. The angular distributionof the emission has an FWHm of 14°–16°. Thanks to the ultra-high photon fluence, point-like radiation source, and ultra-short emissiontime, DLA-based keV backlighters are promising for various applications in high-energy-density research with kilojoule petawatt-class laserfacilities.

关键词： laser acceleration critical

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