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metrology for sub-Rayleigh-length target positioning in~10^(22)W/cm^(2)laser-plasma experiments

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第3期12卷 90-105页

作者： E.A.Vishnyakov A.Sagisaka K.Ogura T.Zh.Esirkepov B.Gonzalez-Izquierdo C.D.Armstrong T.A.Pikuz S.A.Pikuz W.Yan T.m.jeong S.Singh P.Hadjisolomou O.Finke G.m.Grittani m.Nevrkla C.m.Lazzarini A.Velyhan T.Hayakawa Y.Fukuda j.K.Koga m.Ishino K.Kondo Y.miyasaka A.Kon m.Nishikino Y.V.Nosach D.Khikhlukha I.P.Tsygvintsev D.Kumar j.Nejdl D.margarone P.V.Sasorov S.Weber m.Kando H.Kiriyama Y.Kato G.Korn K.Kondo S.V.Bulanov T.Kawachi A.S.Pirozhkov ELI Beamlines Facility The Extreme Light Infrastructure ERICDolníBrežanyCzech Republic Kansai Institute for Photon Science(KPSI) QSTKyotoJapan Central Laser Facility Rutherford Appleton LaboratorySTFCHarwell OxfordDidcotUK Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan HB11 Energy Holdings FreshwaterAustralia Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas(ministry of Education) School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Institute of Plasma Physics ASCR PragueCzech Republic FZU-Institute of Physics ASCR PragueCzech Republic Czech Technical University in Prague FNSPEPragueCzech Republic Institute of Laser Engineering Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan Institute of Physics National Academy of Sciences of UkraineKyivUkraine ISTEQ AR YerevanArmenia

Tight focusing with very small f-numbers is necessary to achieve the highest at-focus ***,tight focusing imposes strong demands on precise target positioning in-focus to achieve the highest on-target irradiance We describe several near-infrared,visible,ultraviolet and soft and hard X-ray diagnostics employed in a~10^(22)W/cm^(2)laser±plasma *** used nearly 10 j total energy femtosecond laser pulses focused into an approximately1.3-μm focal spot on 5±20μm thick stainless-steel *** discuss the applicability of these diagnostics to determine the best in-focus target position with approximately 5μm accuracy(i.e.,around half of the short Rayleigh length)and show that several diagnostics(in particular,3ωreflection and on-axis hard X-rays)can ensure this *** demonstrated target positioning within several micrometers from the focus,ensuring over 80%of the ideal peak laser intensity *** approach is relatively fast(it requires 10±20 laser shots)and does not rely on the coincidence of low-power and high-power focal planes.

关键词： laser-plasma interaction precise target positioning spectroscopy ultra-high intensity X-rays

In vivo femtosecond laser nanosurgery of the cell wall enabling patch-clamp measurements on filamentous fungi

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microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第2期10卷 251-267页

作者： Tanja Pajić Katarina Stevanović Nataša V.Todorović Aleksandar j.Krmpot miroslav Živić Svetlana Savić-Šević Steva m.Lević marina Stanić Dejan Pantelić Brana jelenković mihailo D.Rabasović Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry“Ivan Djaja” Faculty of BiologyUniversity of BelgradeStudentski trg 1611158BelgradeSerbia Institute for Biological Research“Siniša Stanković” University of BelgradeNational Institute of the Republic of SerbiaBulevar Despota Stefana 14211000BelgradeSerbia Institute of Physics Belgrade University of BelgradeNational Institute of the Republic of SerbiaPregrevica 11811080BelgradeSerbia University of Belgrade Faculty of AgricultureNemanjina Street 611080BelgradeSerbia Institute for multidisciplinary Research University of BelgradeKneza Višeslava 111030BelgradeSerbia

Studying the membrane physiology of filamentous fungi is key to understanding their interactions with the environment and crucial for developing new therapeutic strategies for disease-causing ***,their plasma membrane has been inaccessible for a micron-sized patch-clamp pipette for pA current recordings due to the rigid chitinous cell ***,we report the first femtosecond IR laser nanosurgery of the cell wall of the filamentous fungi,which enabled patch-clamp measurements on protoplasts released from hyphae.A reproducible and highly precise(diffraction-limited,submicron resolution)method for obtaining viable released protoplasts was *** release from the nanosurgery-generated incisions in the cell wall was achieved from different regions of the *** plasma membrane of the obtained protoplasts formed tight and high-resistance(GΩ)contacts with the recording *** entire nanosurgical procedure followed by the patch-clamp technique could be completed in less than 1 *** to previous studies using heterologously expressed channels,this technique provides the opportunity to identify new ionic currents and to study the properties of the ion channels in the protoplasts of filamentous fungi in their native environment.

关键词： patch recording laser

Prehospital transdermal glyceryl trinitrate for ultra- acute ischaemic stroke: data from the RIGHT- 2 randomised sham- controlled ambulance trial

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2024年第1期9卷 38-49,I0035-I0046页

作者： jason Philip Appleton Lisa j Woodhouse Craig S Anderson Sandeep Ankolekar Lesley Cala mark Dixon Timothy j England Kailash Krishnan Grant mair Keith W muir john Potter Christopher I Price marc Randall Thompson G Robinson Christine Roffe Else C Sandset jeffrey L Saver Angela Shone Aloysius Niroshan Siriwardena joanna m Wardlaw Nikola Sprigg Philip m Bath Stroke University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK Institute of Applied HealthResearch University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental SciencesBirminghamUK Stroke Trials Unit Mental Health and Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK Faculty of medicine The George Institute for Global HealthSydneyNew South WalesAustralia The George Institute China at Peking University Health Science Center BeijingChina Neurology Royal Prince Alfred HospitalSydney Health PartnersSydneyNew South WalesAustralia Department of Neurology King's College Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK Faculty of Health and medical Sciences University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia East midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust NottinghamUK Stroke Queen's Medical CentreNottingham University Hospitals NHS TrustNottinghamUK Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences Dementia Research InstituteUniveristy of EdinburghEdinburghUK Institute of Neurology and Psychology University of GlasgowGlasgowUK Bob Champion Research and Education Building University of East AngliaNorwichUK Institute of Neuroscience Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK Department of Neurology Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustLeedsUK Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre University of LeicesterLeicesterUK Stroke Research in Stoke Institute for Science and Technology in MedicineKeele UniversityStoke-on TrentUK Department of Neurology Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway Research and Development Norwegian Air Ambulance FoundationOsloNorway Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center David Geffen School of MedicineUCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Research and Graduate Services University of NottinghamNottinghamUK Community and Health Research Unit University of LincolnLincolnUK

Background The effect of transdermal glyceryl trinitrate(GTN,a nitrovasodilator)on clinical outcome when administered before hospital admission in suspected stroke patients is ***,we assess the safety and efficacy of GTN in the prespecified subgroup of patients who had an ischaemic stroke within the Rapid Intervention with Glyceryl trinitrate in Hypertensive stroke Trial-2(RIGHT-2).methods RIGHT-2 was an ambulance-based multicentre sham-controlled blinded-endpoint study with patients randomised within 4hours of *** primary outcome was a shift in scores on the modified Rankin scale(mRS)at day *** outcomes included death;a global analysis(Wei-Lachin test)containing Barthel Index,EuroQol-5D,mRS,telephone interview for cognitive status-modified and Zung depression scale;and neuroimaging-determined‘brain frailty’*** were reported as n(%),mean(SD),median[IQR],adjusted common OR(acOR),mean difference or mann-Whitney difference(mWD)with 95%*** 597 of 1149(52%)patients had a final diagnosis of ischaemic stroke;age 75(12)years,premorbid mRS>2107(18%),Glasgow Coma Scale 14(2)and time from onset to randomisation 67[45,108]***‘brain frailty’was common:median score 2[2,3](range 0–3).At day 90,GTN did not influence the primary outcome(acOR for increased disability 1.15,95%CI 0.85 to 1.54),death or global analysis(mWD 0.00,95%CI-0.10 to 0.09).In subgroup analyses,there were non-significant interactions suggesting GTN may be associated with more death and dependency in participants randomised within 1hour of symptom onset and in those with more severe *** In patients who had an ischaemic stroke,ultra-acute administration of transdermal GTN in the ambulance did not improve clinical outcomes in a population with more clinical and radiological frailty than seen in previous in-hospital *** IS ALREADY KNOWN ON THIS TOPIC⇒Transdermal glyceryl trinitrate(GTN)was associat-ed with less death and dependency in those w

关键词： Glasgow nitrate random

Blood metal concentrations and cardiac structure and function in total joint arthroplasty patients

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World journal of Orthopedics 2024年第8期15卷 773-782页

作者： Peter C Brennan Stephanie m Peterson Thomas j O'Byrne mariana L Laporta Cody C Wyles Paul j jannetto Garvan C Kane maria Vassilaki Hilal maradit Kremers Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Quantitative Health Sciences Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative medicine Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Laboratory medicine and Pathology Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Cardiovascular Diseases Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States

BACKGROUND There is concern regarding potential long-term cardiotoxicity with systemic distribution of metals in total joint arthroplasty(TjA)*** To determine the association of commonly used implant metals with echocardiographic measures in TjA *** The study comprised 110 TjA patients who had a recent history of high chromium,cobalt or titanium *** underwent two-dimensional,three-dimensional,Doppler and speckle-strain transthoracic echocardiography and a blood draw to measure metal *** and sex-adjusted linear and logistic regression models were used to examine the association of metal concentrations(exposure)with echocardiographic measures(outcome).RESULTS Higher cobalt concentrations were associated with increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume(estimate 5.09;95%CI:0.02-10.17)as well as left atrial and right ventricular dilation,particularly in men but no changes in cardiac *** titanium concentrations were associated with a reduction in left ventricle global longitudinal strain(estimate 0.38;95%CI:0.70 to 0.06)and cardiac index(estimate 0.08;95%CI,-0.15 to-0.01).CONCLUSION Elevated cobalt and titanium concentrations may be associated with structural and functional cardiac changes in some *** studies are warranted to better understand the systemic effects of metals in TjA patients.

关键词： Total joint arthroplasty metal-on-metal Cardiotoxicity Heart failure Echocardiography Cobalt

Sleep as a window to understand and regulate Alzheimer's disease:emerging roles of thalamic reticular nucleus

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1711-1712页

作者： Haoqi Sun Shiqian Shen Robert j.Thomas m.Brandon Westover Can Zhang Department of Neurology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Center for Translational Pain Research Department of AnesthesiaCritical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetis General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep MedicineDepartment of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Genetics and Aging Research Unit McCance Center for Brain HealthMass General Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseDepartment of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Introduction:Alzheimer 's disease(AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder and the primary cause of dementia. Considerable evidence supports the “amyloid hypothesis,” stating that the pathogenesis of AD is primarily caused by the deposition of amyloid-β(Aβ), which drives tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration in the brain. The amyloid hypothesis is strengthened by the significant and moderate benefit of lecanemab, a humanized antibody through an anti-amyloid mechanism,showing slowed clinical decline(van Dyck et al.,2023). The recent positive results of anti-amyloid trials have brought back focus on the amyloid hypothesis through biochemical, genetic, and pharmacological approaches(Zhang, 2023).

关键词： Alzheimer inflammation hypothesis

Development,validation,and transportability of several machine-learned,non-exercise-based VO_(2max)prediction models for older adults

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第5期13卷 611-620页

作者： Benjamin T.Schumacher michael j.Lamonte Andrea Z.LaCroix Eleanor m.Simonsick Steven P.Hooker Humberto Parada jr. john Bellettiere Arun Kumar Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health School of Public Health and Health ProfessionsUniversity at BuffaloState University of New YorkBuffaloNY 14214USA Translational Gerontology Branch Intramural Research ProgramNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMD 21225USA College of Health and Human Services San Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCA 92182USA Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthSan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCA 92182USA University of California San Diego moores Cancer Center La JollaCA 92093USA Computer Science and Engineering and Halicioglu Data Science Institute University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA

Background:There exist few maximal oxygen uptake(VO_(2max))non-exercise-based prediction equations,fewer using machine learning(mL),and none specifically for older *** direct measurement of VO_(2max)is infeasible in large epidemiologic cohort studies,we sought to develop,validate,compare,and assess the transportability of several mL VO_(2max)prediction ***:The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging(BLSA)participants with valid VO2_(max)tests were included(n=1080).Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator,linear-and tree-boosted extreme gradient boosting,random forest,and support vector machine(SVm)algorithms were trained to predict VO_(2max)*** developed these algorithms for:(a)the overall BLSA,(b)by sex,(c)using all BLSA variables,and(d)variables common in aging ***,we quantified the associations between measured and predicted VO_(2max)and ***:The age was 69.0±10.4 years(mean±SD)and the measured VO_(2max)was 21.6±5.9 mL/kg/*** absolute shrinkage and selection operator,linear-and tree-boosted extreme gradient boosting,random forest,and support vector machine yielded root mean squared errors of 3.4 mL/kg/min,3.6 mL/kg/min,3.4 mL/kg/min,3.6 mL/kg/min,and 3.5 mL/kg/min,*** quartiles of measured VO_(2max)showed an inverse gradient in mortality *** VO_(2max)variables yielded similar effect estimates but were not robust to ***:measured VO_(2max)is a strong predictor of *** mL can improve the accuracy of prediction as compared to simpler approaches but estimates of association with mortality remain sensitive to *** studies should seek to reproduce these results so that VO_(2max),an important vital sign,can be more broadly studied as a modifiable target for promoting functional resiliency and healthy aging.

关键词： Cardiorespiratory fitness Prediction algorithms Epidemiology mortality

Chinese Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Adult Dermatomyositis (2022)#

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International journal of Dermatology and Venereology 2024年第3期7卷 163-173页

作者： Cao H. Chen A.-j. Cui Y. Deng D.-Q. Gao X.-H. He Y.-L. Kang X.-j. jin H.-Z. Li C.-X. Li F. Li H.-j. Liao W.-j. Liu X.-m. Lu Q.-j. Lu Y. Pan m. Pan W.-H. Shu X.-m. Sun Q. Tang K.-Y. Tao j. Wang Y. Xiao T. Zhang F.-R. Zhang H.-L. Department of Dermatology Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200025 China Department of Dermatology First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 400042 China Department of Dermatology China-Japan Friendship Hospital Beijing 100029 China Department of Dermatology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University Yunnan Kunming 650101 China Department of Dermatology The First Hospital of China Medical University Liaoning Shenyang 110001 China Department of Dermatology Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University Beijing 100020 China Department of Dermatology and Venereology People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Urumqi 830001 China Department of Dermatology State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Science Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100730 China Department of Dermatology First Medical Center PLA General Hospital Beijing 100853 China Department of Dermatology Hainan Hospital of PLA General Hospital Hainan Sanya 572013 China Department of Dermatology Xijing Hospital Air Force Medical University Shaanxi Xi'an 710032 China Department of Dermatology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital Guangdong Shenzhen 518052 China Hospital for Skin Diseases Institute of Dermatology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College Jiangsu Nanjing 210042 China Department of Dermatology Jiangsu Province Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital Nanjing Medical University Jiangsu Nanjing 210029 China Department of Dermatology Shanghai Changzheng Hospital Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University Shanghai 200003 China Department of Rheumatology China-Japan Friendship Hospital Beijing 100029 China Department of Dermatology Qilu Hospital of Shandong Universit

Dermatomyositis, an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, is characterized by distinctive skin manifestations, proximal muscle weakness, and multiple organ involvement and can be accompanied by malignancies. To provide a reference for dermatologists and clinicians in other relevant fields of clinical practice, experts from the Dermatology Branch of the China International Exchange and Promotion Association for medical and Health Care and the National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases developed this consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of adult dermatomyositis using Chinese and international literature and expert advice. © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health. All rights reserved.

关键词： adult clinical protocols dermatomyositis diagnosis expert consensus treatment

Characterization of bright betatron radiation generated by direct laser acceleration of electrons in plasma of near critical density

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matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第2期9卷 26-35页

作者： j.Cikhardt m.Gyrdymov S.Zähter P.Tavana m.m.Günther N.Bukharskii N.Borisenko j.jacoby X.F.Shen A.Pukhov N.E.Andreev O.N.Rosmej Faculty of Electrical Engineering Czech Technical University in Prague16627 Prague 6Czech Republic Goethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Straße 160438 Frankfurt am MainGermany GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH Planckstraße 164291 DarmstadtGermany Focused Energy GmbH Im Tiefen See 4564293 DarmstadtGermany National Research Nuclear University mEPhI Kashirskoe shosse 31115409 MoscowRussian Federation Lebedev Physical Institute RAS Leninskiy Prospekt 53119991 MoscowRussian Federation Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1DüsseldorfGermany joint Institute for High Temperatures RASIzhorskaya st.13Bldg.2125412 MoscowRussian Federation moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Institutskiy Pereulok 9141700 DolgoprudnyRussia

Directed x-rays produced in the interaction of sub-picosecond laser pulses of moderate relativistic intensity with plasma of near-critical density are investigated. Synchrotron-like (betatron) radiation occurs in the process of direct laser acceleration (DLA) of electrons in a relativisticlaser channel when the electrons undergo transverse betatron oscillations in self-generated quasi-static electric and magnetic fields. In anexperiment at the PHELIX laser system, high-current directed beams of DLA electrons with a mean energy ten times higher than the ponderomotive potential and maximum energy up to 100 meV were measured at 10^(19) W/cm^(2)laser intensity. The spectrum of directed x-raysin the range of 5–60 keV was evaluated using two sets of Ross filters placed at 0°and 10°to the laser pulse propagation axis. The differential x-ray absorption method allowed for absolute measurements of the angular-dependent photon fluence. We report 10^(13) photons/sr withenergies >5 keV measured at 0°to the laser axis and a brilliance of 10^(21) photons s^(−1) mm^(−2) mrad−2(0.1%BW)−1. The angular distributionof the emission has an FWHm of 14°–16°. Thanks to the ultra-high photon fluence, point-like radiation source, and ultra-short emissiontime, DLA-based keV backlighters are promising for various applications in high-energy-density research with kilojoule petawatt-class laserfacilities.

关键词： laser acceleration critical

Kinetics of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid sorption onto montmorillonite clays in soil and their translocation to genetically modified corn

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 669-680页

作者： meichen Wang Kelly j Rivenbark Timothy D Phillips Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityTX 77845USA

The co-occurrence of glyphosate(GLP)and aminomethylphosphonic acid(AmPA)in contaminated water,soil,sediment and plants is a cause for concern due to potential threats to the ecosystem and human health.A major route of exposure is through contact with contaminated soil and consumption of crops containing GLP and AmPA ***,clay-based sorption strategies for mixtures of GLP and AmPA in soil,plants and garden produce have been very *** this study,in vitro soil and in vivo genetically modified corn models were used to establish the proof of concept that the inclusion of clay sorbents in contaminated soils will reduce the bioavailability of GLP and AmPA in soils and their adverse effects on plant *** of chemical concentration(1–10 mg/kg),sorbent dose(0.5%-3%in soil and 0.5%-1%in plants)and duration(up to 28 days)on sorption kinetics were *** time course results showed a continuous GLP degradation to *** inclusion of calcium montmorillonite(Cm)and acid processed montmorillonite(APm)clays at all doses significantly and consistently reduced the bioavailability of both chemicals from soils to plant roots and leaves in a dose-and time-dependent manner without detectable *** treated with 0.5%and 1%APm inclusion showed the highest growth rate(p≤0.05)and lowest chemical bioavailability with up to 76%reduction in roots and57%reduction in *** indicated that montmorillonite clays could be added as soil supplements to reduce hazardous mixtures of GLP and AmPA in soils and plants.

关键词： Glyphosate AmPA Adsorption Soil remediation Plant Hydroponic system