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Determination of Young Olive-Tree Water Consumption with Drainage Lysimeters

journal of Water Resource and Protection 2014年第9期6卷 841-851页

作者： L.Puppo C.García j.Girona m.García-Petillo Grupo Disciplinario de Ingeniería Agrícola Unidad de HidrologíaDepartamento de Suelos y Aguas-Facultad de AgronomíaUniversidad de la RepúblicaMontevideoUruguay Instituto Nacional de Investigacion Agropecuaria(INIA) Las BrujasCanelonesUruguay Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaries(IRTA) Programa Uso Eficiente del AguaCentre UdL-IRTA Parc de GardenyEdifici FruitcentreLleidaCatalunyaEspana

Information about olive-tree irrigation in sub-humid climates, as in Uruguay, is scarce. Water consumption of young olive trees, Arbequina variety, was measured for two years with six drainage lysimeters, protected from rain by an automatic rain-out shelter. Irrigation water volume and drainage of each lysimeter were measured daily and soil moisture was registered twice a week with neutron probe at four depths. Evapotranspiration (ETc) was calculated by volume balance. Data periods when available water descended below 50% or increased over 100% were eliminated, as those in which the stem water potential was below -1.5 mPa. Water consumption values were averaged within 7- to 14-day periods, expressed in mm·d-1, and referred to a 2.5 × 5.5 m plantation framework without vegetation cover. There was a positive linear relation of the summer crop coefficient (Kc mid) with age, canopy cover percentage and canopy volume. Canopy cover percentage was the parameter which explained most of the variation of Kc mid, which ranged between 0.13 and 0.24, with 5% and 46% canopy cover, respectively. Full irrigation, associated to a good drainage resulted in a rapid growth of the young plants, bringing forward the start of full production period. This represents useful information for the adjustment of irrigation in olive-tree orchards, to accelerate growth with a rational and sustainable use of both water and energy in Uruguay.

关键词： Evapotranspiration Crop Coefficients Irrigation Requirements Olea europea L.

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Fire and Smoke Phenomenon in West Najaf City —Southwest Iraq

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Engineering（科研） 2019年第12期11卷 791-800页

作者： Abdulkadhim j. Alabidi Saadi A. m. Al-Dahaan Nadhir Al-Ansari Department of Geology Faculty of Science University of Kufa Kufa Iraq Lulea University of Technology Lulea Sweden

A strange phenomenon of fire taking place at Arruhban area west Bahr-Al Najaf area in Iraq was noticed in 2010 and smoke continued many months;this phenomenon reappeared many years later. This site is part of Bahr-Al Najaf-Iraq NE Arabian plate, located in flat area near an archeological site of Christian temple called Tel Arruhban. To understand the causes for this fire in a non-residential area, field observations from repeated visits between 2010 and 2018 and on-site excavation operations were conducted. The results of analysis of soil samples, and on-site detection for gases and vapors showed that the phenomenon of burning and smoke generated at this site was due to external influences and that the presence of soil rich with organic materials helped to the existence of this phenomenon.

关键词： Smoke Phenomenon Bahr-Al Najaf Tel Arruhban Detected Gases

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Thermal, mechanical and Rheological Properties of Low Density/Linear Low Density Polyethylene Blend for Packing Application

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journal of materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2018年第1期6卷 32-38页

作者： F. Al-Attar m. Alsamhan A. Al-Banna j. Samuel Polymeric Products and Customization Program Petroleum Research Center Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research Kuwait City Kuwait

Packaging is the subject of considerable commercial development by a variety of organizations around the world. In this study the mechanical, thermal and rheological properties were investigated for different blend ratios of low density polyethylene (LDPE) and linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE). The weight percent of the LDPEs used in the blends were 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90. The polymer blends were prepared in a twin screw extruder to produce a thin sheet (1-mm thickness) similar to the packaging grade. Tensile results showed that the 50/50 composition exhibited the highest stress at break, where the differential scanning calorimetry results indicated a co-crystalline phase in some blends. The results produced by the rheometer revealed the LLDPE effect over the complex viscosity and consequently blend easy processing. The present study conclusively demonstrates that at low weight percent of linear low density polyethylene in the blend displays better properties for packaging application.

关键词： PE Blend Packaging Tensile Properties morphology

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metabolomic studies in the inborn error of metabolism alkaptonuria reveal new biotransformations in tyrosine metabolism

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Genes & Diseases 2022年第4期9卷 1129-1142页

作者： Brendan P.Norman Andrew S.Davison juliette H.Hughes Hazel Sutherland Peter j.m.Wilson Neil G.Berry Andrew T.Hughes Anna m.milan jonathan C.jarvis Norman B.Roberts Lakshminarayan R.Ranganath George Bou-Gharios james A.Gallagher Institute of Life Course and medical Sciences University of LiverpoolWilliam Henry Duncan Building6 West Derby StreetLiverpoolL78TXUK Department of Clinical Biochemistry&metabolic medicine Liverpool Clinical LaboratoriesRoyal Liverpool University HospitalPrescot StreetLiverpoolL78XPUK School of Sport&Exercise Sciences Liverpool John Moores UniversityTom Reilly BuildingByrom StreetLiverpoolL33AFUK Department of Chemistry University of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL697ZDUK

Alkaptonuria (AKU) is an inherited disorder of tyrosine metabolism caused by lack of active enzyme homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase (HGD). The primary consequence of HGD deficiency is increased circulating homogentisic acid (HGA), the main agent in the pathology of AKU disease. Here we report the first metabolomic analysis of AKU homozygous Hgd knockout (Hgd−/−) mice to model the wider metabolic effects of Hgd deletion and the implication for AKU in humans. Untargeted metabolic profiling was performed on urine from Hgd−/− AKU (n = 15) and Hgd+/− non-AKU control (n = 14) mice by liquid chromatography high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Experiment 1). The metabolites showing alteration in Hgd−/− were further investigated in AKU mice (n = 18) and patients from the UK National AKU Centre (n = 25) at baseline and after treatment with the HGA-lowering agent nitisinone (Experiment 2). A metabolic flux experiment was carried out after administration of 13C-labelled HGA to Hgd−/−(n = 4) and Hgd+/−(n = 4) mice (Experiment 3) to confirm direct association with HGA. Hgd−/− mice showed the expected increase in HGA, together with unexpected alterations in tyrosine, purine and TCA-cycle pathways. metabolites with the greatest abundance increases in Hgd−/− were HGA and previously unreported sulfate and glucuronide HGA conjugates, these were decreased in mice and patients on nitisinone and shown to be products from HGA by the 13C-labelled HGA tracer. Our findings reveal that increased HGA in AKU undergoes further metabolism by mainly phase II biotransformations. The data advance our understanding of overall tyrosine metabolism, demonstrating how specific metabolic conditions can elucidate hitherto undiscovered pathways in biochemistry and metabolism.

关键词： Alkaptonuria Biotransformation metabolism metabolomics mice

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Genetic factors that affect nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic clinical review

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第29期22卷 6742-6756页

作者： Tyler j Severson Siddesh Besur Herbert L Bonkovsky Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Wake Forest University NC Baptist Medical Center Abdominal Transplant Program Aurora St Luke’s Medical Center

AIm: To investigate roles of genetic polymorphisms in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) onset, severity, and outcome through systematic literature ***: The authors conducted both systematic and specific searches of Pubmed through December 2015 with special emphasis on more recent data (from 2012 onward) while still drawing from more historical data for background. We identified several specific genetic polymorphisms that have been most researched and, at this time, appear to have the greatest clinical significance on NAFLD and similar hepatic diseases. These were further investigated to assess their specific effects on disease onset and progression and the mechanisms by which these effects ***: We focus particularly on genetic polymorphisms of the following genes: PNPLA3, particularly the p. I148m variant, Tm6SF2, particularly the p. E167K variant, and on variants in FTO, LIPA, IFNλ4, and iron metabolism, specifically focusing on HFE, and HmOX-1. We discuss the effect of these genetic variations and their resultant protein variants on the onset of fatty liver disease and its severity, including the effect on likelihood of progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. While our principal focus is on NAFLD, we also discuss briefly effects of some of the variants on development and severity of other hepatic diseases, including hepatitis C and alcoholic liver disease. These results are briefly discussed in terms of clinical application and future potential for personalized ***: Polymorphisms and genetic factors of several genes contribute to NAFLD and its end results. These genes hold keys to future improvements in diagnosis and management.

关键词： Genetic polymorphisms Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis PNPLA3 Tm6SF2 FTO Cirrhosis Iron metabolism

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Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamic modelling of Hydraulic jumps: Bulk Parameters and Free Surface Fluctuations

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Engineering（科研） 2016年第6期8卷 386-402页

作者： Patrick jonsson Pär jonsén Patrik Andreasson T. Staffan Lundström j. Gunnar I. Hellström Department of Engineering Sciences and mathematics Lule&aring University of Technology Lule&aring Sweden

A hydraulic jump is a rapid transition from supercritical flow to subcritical flow characterized by the development of large scale turbulence, surface waves, spray, energy dissipation and considerable air entrainment. Hydraulic jumps can be found in waterways such as spillways connected to hydropower plants and are an effective way to eliminate problems caused by high velocity flow, e.g. erosion. Due to the importance of the hydropower sector as a major contributor to the Swedish electricity production, the present study focuses on Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamic (SPH) modelling of 2D hydraulic jumps in horizontal open channels. Four cases with different spatial resolution of the SPH particles were investigated by comparing the conjugate depth in the subcritical section with theoretical results. These showed generally good agreement with theory. The coarsest case was run for a longer time and a quasi-stationary state was achieved, which facilitated an extended study of additional variables. The mean vertical velocity distribution in the horizontal direction compared favorably with experiments and the maximum velocity for the SPH-simulations indicated a too rapid decrease in the horizontal direction and poor agreement to experiments was obtained. Furthermore, the mean and the standard deviation of the free surface fluctuation showed generally good agreement with experimental results even though some discrepancies were found regarding the peak in the maximum standard deviation. The free surface fluctuation frequencies were over predicted and the model could not capture the decay of the fluctuations in the horizontal direction.

关键词： SPH Hydraulic jump Conjugate Depth Free Surface Fluctuation Vertical Velocity Distribution

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Numerical analysis of straight and curved underground pipeline performance after rehabilitation by cured-in-place method

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Underground Space 2020年第1期5卷 30-42页

作者： K.j.Shou C.C.Huang Department of Civil Engineering Chung Hsing University250Kuo Kuang RoadTaichungTaiwanRepublic of China Department of Civil EngineeringChung Hsing University250Kuo Kuang RoadTaichungTaiwanRepublic of China

Underground pipelines are prone to damage by corrosion in Taiwan due to the humid climate and the aging and overuse of ***-dig technologies are necessary,as the cities in Taiwan are highly *** methods,including the cured-in-place pipe(CIPP)method,provide an alternative to the new no-dig installation methods,which are comparatively more *** this study,the numerical analysis software ABAQUS was used to simulate straight-line and curved underground pipelines damaged by *** calibration by small-scale physical modeling in the laboratory,numerical models were applied to the analysis of the mechanical behavior of straight-line and curved underground *** analyze the performance of the CIPP rehabilitation method,different scenarios for straight-line and curved pipelines were *** included before-and after-rehabilitation,different internal pressures and surface loading conditions,and different liner deformabilities and pipe-liner interface *** results suggest that the CIPP method can reinforce damaged pipes by reducing stress concentration and differential displacement near the corrosion ***,proper liner thickness,liner material properties,and pipe-liner interface strength are essential for well-designed CIPP rehabilitation.

关键词： Straight-line pipeline Curved pipeline No-Dig Rehabilitation Cured-in-place-pipe Soil-pipe interaction

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Saturation in wavelength-division multiplexing free-space optical communication systems

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2019年第2期12卷 197-207页

作者： jeremiah O. BANDELE malcolm WOOLFSON Andrew j. PHILLIPS Department of Electrical Electronics and Computer Engineering College of EngineeringAfe Babalola UniversityAdo-EkitiEkiti StateP.M.B 5454Nigeria Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham University ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK

The performance of a wavelength-division multiplexing (WDm) free-space optical (FSO) commu-nication system in a turbulent atmosphere employing optical amplifiers to improve capacity is investigated, in the presence of amplified spontaneous emission noise, scintillation, beam spreading, atmospheric attenuation and interchannel crosstalk. Using on-off keying modulation, monte Carlo simulation techniques are used to obtain the average bit error rate and system capability due to scintillation and the effect of introducing a power control algorithm (PCA) to the system is investigated. The PCA ensures that at any receiving instant, the same turbulence- free powers are received by all the receiving lenses. The performance of various WDm FSO communication system configurations such as non-amplified systems with an adaptive decision threshold (NOAADT), non- amplified systems with a non-adaptive decision threshold, fixed gain amplified systems with an adaptive decision threshold, fixed gain amplified systems with a non- adaptive decision threshold and saturated gain amplified systems with a non-adaptive decision threshold (SOA- NADT) are investigated. Results obtained show that the SOANADT is superior to the NOAADT and the PCA is only beneficial in amplified systems.