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Evaluation of soil loss severity and ecological restoration approach for sustainable agriculture in the Hindu Kush, Karakoram and Himalaya region

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Journal of mountain Science 2024年第5期21卷 1509-1521页

作者： arshad ASHRAF imran AHmAD Climate Energy and Water Research InstituteNational Agricultural Research Centre(NARC)Islamabad 44000Pakistan

Soil erosion has resulted in removal of the topsoils containing fine soil particles and plant nutrients, causing decrease in soil fertility in the Hindu Kush, Karakoram and Himalaya(HKH) region. The existing production of cereal crop grains has been reduced to one third of the potential crop grains production owing to land degradation and poor farming practices. It is necessary to assess risk of soil loss and identify appropriate controlling measures to address issues of low agriculture productivity and water insecurity in the region. In the present study, severity of soil loss was predicted using Revised Universal Loss Equation(RUSLE) and ecological measures were identified for sustainable mountain agriculture in the HKH region of Upper Indus Basin, Pakistan. Overall 62.6% area was found to have very low risk of soil loss, i.e., moderate risk, i.e., 25-50 t/(ha·yr) in the region. The risk was high, i.e., 50-100 t/(ha·yr) and very high, i.e., >100 t/(ha·yr) in about 6.8% and 7.4% areas respectively. The mean rate of soil loss was about 41.9 t/(ha·yr) in the Hindu Kush, 31.1 t/(ha·yr) in the Himalayas, 18.8 t/(ha·yr) in the Karakoram and overall 29.7 t/(ha·yr) in the three HKH ranges. As such no considerable measures have been adopted by the communities for restoration of the degraded areas except raising fruit/farm trees and supporting limited social forestry for their livelihoods. The slopes cleared for cultivation and susceptible to erosion may be stabilized through sowing/planting of multi-purpose plant species and formation of proper bench terraces. The conservation of forest ecosystem and pastures at higher elevations would help in reducing overland water flow, risk of flash flood hazard and minimizing sediment loads in the downstream. It is essential to adopt site-specific resource conservation techniques and restore possible ecosystem health for sustainable agriculture and economic developm

关键词： Climate change Erodibility Indus basin Land degradation Slope stabilization

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Tuning structural,electrical,dielectric and magnetic properties of mg-Cu-Co ferrites via dysprosium(Dy^(3+))doping

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第1期42卷 137-146,I0005页

作者： maria Akhtar m.S.Hasan Nasir Amin N.A.morley muhammad imran arshad Department of Physics Government College UniversityFaisalabad38000Pakistan Department of Physics The University of Lahore53700Pakistan Department of materials Science and Engineering The University of SheffieldS13JDUK Department of Physics&Astronomy University College LondonUK

In current research work,Dy3+substituted mg0.5Cu0.25Co0.25Fe2-xDyxO4(0.0≤x≤0.04 with the step interval of 0.01)soft ferrites were synthesized by the sol-gel auto combustion *** prepared samples were characterized by the techniques using X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEm),energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS),Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy,curre nt-voltage(Ⅰ-Ⅴ)measurement,LCR meter,vibrating sample magnetometer(VSm)and *** data reveal that the average crystallite size is 49.71 nm and the lattice constant is 0.83703 nm for sample x=*** non-uniform grain growth was demonstrated by micrographs and impurity-free elemental composition was observed from EDX *** DC resistivity has an increasing and decreasing trend in ferromagnetic and paramagnetic regions with an increase in ***,the high resistivity is observed with the order of 1010Ω·cm,and the activation energy is 0.944 eV for samples x=*** dielectric parameters including dielectric constant,dielectric losses,and impedance gradually decrease with the increase in frequency from 8 Hz to 8 *** minimum dielectric loss at high frequency is found for sample x=*** coercivity(Hc)and saturation magnetization(ms)are found in the ranges of 520.82-544.02 Oe and 20.5841-21.1473 emu/g,*** observations confirm that dysprosium(x=0.03)doped mCC-soft ferrites may be applicable in transformer cores,microwave absorbance,and telecommunication devices.

关键词： Soft ferrites DC resistivity Dielectric loss Impedance Coercivity Rare earths

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Enhancement of phosphors-solubility in ZnO by thermal annealing

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Journal of Semiconductors 2015年第12期36卷 30-33页

作者： K.mahmood N.Amin A.Ali m.Ajaz un Nabi m.imran arshad m.Zafar m.Asghar Department of Physics GC University Faisalabad Department of Physics Islamia University of Bahawalpur

We have demonstrated the effect of annealing temperature on the diffusion density of phosphors in zinc oxide. The P-dopant P430 was sprayed on ZnO pellets and annealed at different temperatures from 500 to 1000 ℃ with a step of 100 ℃ for one hour using a programmable furnace. The concentration of P was controlled by varying the annealing temperature and the maximum solubility of P （3% At） was achieved at annealing 800 ℃ determined by energy dispersive X-ray diffraction （EDX） measurements. X-ray diffraction （XRD） confirmed the hexagonal structure of ZnO and showed that the growth direction was along the c-axis. We observed a maximum up shift in the （002） plane at an annealing temperature of 800 ℃, suggesting that P atoms replaced Zn atoms in the structure which results in the reduction of the lattice constant. Room temperature photoluminescence （PL） spectrum consists of a peak at 3.28 eV and related to band edge emission, but samples annealed at 800 and 900 ℃ have an additional donor acceptor pair peak at 3.2 eV. Hall effect measurements confirmed the p-type conductivity of the sample annealed at 800 ℃.

关键词： ZnO P-dopant EDX XRD PL

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Natural history and surgical treatment of a giant colonic diverticulum:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第17期12卷 3151-3155页

作者： arshad m Bachelani Department of Surgery Independence HealthGreensburgPA 15601United States

BACKGROUND While diverticular disease is prevalent in the West,the formation of giant colonic diverticula is *** date,approximately 200 cases have been reported,with only a handful treated surgically using a minimally invasive ***,the natural history of giant colonic diverticula is not well *** SUmmARY This report describes the case of a 66-year-old man who developed a giant colonic diverticulum with primary symptoms including dull and chronic pain in the right lower quadrant at *** patient had undergone several computed tomography scans of the abdomen and pelvis over the previous two years,through which the natural history of this rare entity could be retrospectively *** patient was successfully treated with a robot-assisted sigmoid colectomy and had an uneventful recovery with resolution of symptoms during the *** This rare case demonstrates the natural history of giant colonic diverticulum formation and supports the feasibility of robot-assisted surgery.

关键词： Giant colonic diverticulum Robotic colectomy Computed tomography Enhanced recovery Case report

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Detection of Lung Nodules on X-ray Using Transfer Learning and manual Features

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Computers, materials & Continua 2022年第7期72卷 1445-1463页

作者： imran arshad Choudhry Adnan N.Qureshi Faculty of Information Technology University of Central PunjabLahorePakistan

The well-established mortality rates due to lung cancers,scarcity of radiology experts and inter-observer variability underpin the dire need for robust and accurate computer aided diagnostics to provide a second *** this end,we propose a feature grafting approach to classify lung cancer images from publicly available National Institute of Health(NIH)chest X-Ray dataset comprised of 30,805 unique *** performance of transfer learning with pre-trained VGG and Inception models is evaluated in comparison against manually extracted radiomics features added to convolutional neural network using custom *** classification with both approaches,Support Vectorsmachines(SVm)are *** results from the 5-fold cross validation report Area Under Curve(AUC)of 0.92 and accuracy of 96.87%in detecting lung nodules with the proposed *** is a plausible improvement against the observed accuracy of transfer learning using Inception(79.87%).The specificity of allmethods is>99%,however,the sensitivity of the proposed method(97.24%)surpasses that of transfer learning approaches(more,it is observed that the true positive rate with SVm is highest at the same false-positive rate in experiments amongst Random Forests,Decision Trees,and K-Nearest Neighbor ***,the proposed approach can be used in clinical and research environments to provide second opinions very close to the experts’intuition.

关键词： Lungs cancer convolutional neural network hand-crafted feature extraction deep learning classification

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On Some Ev-Degree and Ve-Degree Dependent Indices of Benes Network and Its Derived Classes

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Computer modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2023年第5期135卷 1685-1699页

作者： Wenhu Wang Hibba arshad Asfand Fahad imran Javaid School of Software Pingdingshan UniversityPingdingshanChina College of Computing and Information Technologies National UniversityManilaPhilippines Henan International Joint Laboratory for multidimensional Topology and Carcinogenic Characteristics Analysis of Atmospheric Particulate matter Pm2.5 PingdingshanChina Centre for Advanced Studies in Pure and Applied mathematics Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultanPakistan

One of the most recent developments in the field of graph theory is the analysis of networks such as Butterfly networks,Benes networks,Interconnection networks,and David-derived networks using graph theoretic *** topological indices(TIs)have been widely used as graph invariants among various graph theoretic *** structure activity relationships(QSAR)and quantitative structure property relationships(QSPR)need the use of *** structure-based parameters,such as the degree and distance of vertices in graphs,contribute to the determination of the values of *** other recently introduced novelties,the classes of ev-degree and ve-degree dependent TIs have been extensively explored for various graph *** current research focuses on the development of formulae for different ev-degree and ve-degree dependent TIs for s−dimensional Benes network and certain networks derived from *** the end,a comparison between the values of the TIs for these networks has been presented through graphical tools.

关键词： Topological indices ev-degree ve-degree butterfly network benes network

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Tailoring the optical and magnetic properties of La-Bam hexaferrites by Ni substitution

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Chinese Physics B 2022年第2期31卷 570-575页

作者： Hafiz T.Ali mRamzan m.imran arshad Nicola A.morley m.Hassan Abbas mohammad Yusuf Atta Ur Rehman Khalid mahmood Adnan Ali Nasir Amin mAjaz-un-Nabi Department of mechanical Engineering College of EngineeringTaif UniversityTaif 21944Saudi Arabia Department of Physics Government College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan Department of materials Science and Engineering University of SheffieldSir Robert Hadfield BuildingMapping St.SheffieldS13JDUK Department of Clinical Pharmacy College of PharmacyTaif UniversityTaif 21944Saudi Arabia

We investigate the impact of Ni insertion on the structural,optical,and magnetic properties of Ba_(0.8)La_(0.2)Fe_(12-x)Ni_(x)O_(19)hexaferrites(Ni substituted La-Bam hexaferrites).Samples were prepared using the conventional co-precipitation method and sintered at 1000℃for 4 hours to assist the crystallization *** analysis of the structure of the samples was carried out using an x-ray diffraction(XRD)*** m-type hexagonal structure of all the samples was confirmed using XRD *** lattice parameters a and c were found to be in the ranges of 5.8925±0.001 nm–5.8952±0.001 nm and 23.2123±0.001 nm–23.2219±0.001 nm,*** m-type hexagonal nature of the prepared samples was also indicated by the presence of corresponding FT-IR bands and Raman modes in the FT-IR and Raman spectra,*** results confirmed the successful synthesis of the samples according to the required stoichiometric ratio.A UV-vis spectrometer was used to record the absorption spectra of the prepared samples in the wavelength range of 200 nm–1100 *** optical energy bandgap of the samples was found to be in the range of 1.21 eV–3.39 *** m–H loops of the samples were measured at room temperature at an applied magnetic field range of 0 kOe–60 kOe.A high saturation magnetization of 99.92 emu/g was recorded in the sample with x=0 at a microwave operating frequency of 22.2 *** high value of saturation magnetization is due to the substitution of La3+ions at the spin-up(12k,2a,and 2b)*** Ni substitution is proven to be a potential candidate for the tuning of the optical and magnetic parameters of m-type ***,we suggest that the prepared samples are suitable for use in magneto-optic applications.

关键词： m-type hexaferrite nanostructured materials magnetic properties optical properties

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Refinement and estimation of asphalt flow number using partial load history

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2022年第1期9卷 120-133页

作者： m.A.Dalhat Khaleel Al-Adham Hamad I.Al-Abdul Wahhab arshad Jamal Department of Transportation and Traffic Engineering College of EngineeringImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDammamSaudi Arabia Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahranSaudi Arabia

The effect of tertiary flow length on asphalt concrete(AC) flow number(FN) has been studied in this paper. The standard FN test(AASHTO T378) designated by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials(AASHTO) is currently among the widely adopted test for assessing the rutting performance of AC mixtures. The standard adopts the Fracken model(Fm) for fitting the permanent deformation curve(PDC), prior to FN estimation. The FN was observed to vary as tertiary flow progresses. The Fm, along with other PDC models(mFm-1 and mFm-2) obtained by modifying the Fm, was utilized to analyze and minimized this variation. Variation of FN resulted because of mathematization of the PDC data. Instead of representing the actual initiating point of permanent shear deformation of the strain data, estimated values of FN were observed to indicate the inflection points of the fitted parent curve. As per standard FN range suggested by AASHTO T378, the observed variation in FN leads to the situation, where a single asphalt mix specimen can be regarded as appropriate for two different traffic levels, depending on the tertiary flow point at which the test is terminated. Supplementary steps in the FN estimation methods were proposed for refinement of FN values. For the refinement and further standardization of FN value and FN test respectively, FN:T(flow number to test duration ratio) has been recognized as the key and most simple solution. Two potential options for employing FN:T in the estimation of FN have also been highlighted. Several important correlations have been reported herein as well. Comparatively, mFm-1 was found to be more robust in FN:T curve utilization than mFm-2 and Fm.

关键词： Road engineering HmA Permanent deformation Flow number Francken model Tertiary flow

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Big Data Testing Techniques:Taxonomy,Challenges and Future Trends

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Computers, materials & Continua 2023年第2期74卷 2739-2770页

作者： Iram arshad Saeed Hamood Alsamhi Wasif Afzal SRI TUSAthloneIreland mälardalen University VästeråsSweden

Big Data is reforming many industrial domains by providing decision support through analyzing large data *** Data testing aims to ensure that Big Data systems run smoothly and error-free while maintaining the performance and quality of ***,because of the diversity and complexity of data,testing Big Data is *** numerous research efforts deal with Big Data testing,a comprehensive review to address testing techniques and challenges of BigData is not available as ***,we have systematically reviewed the Big Data testing techniques’evidence occurring in the period 2010–*** paper discusses testing data processing by highlighting the techniques used in every processing ***,we discuss the challenges and future *** findings show that diverse functional,non-functional and combined(functional and non-functional)testing techniques have been used to solve specific problems related to Big *** the same time,most of the testing challenges have been faced during the mapReduce validation *** addition,the combinatorial testing technique is one of the most applied techniques in combination with other techniques(i.e.,random testing,mutation testing,input space partitioning and equivalence testing)to find various functional faults through Big Data testing.

关键词： Big data testing techniques testing process

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Effect of family control on corporate dividend policy of firms in Pakistan

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Financial Innovation 2019年第1期5卷 711-723页

作者： imran Yousaf Shoaib Ali arshad Hassan Faculty member Air University School of ManagementAir UniversityIslamabadPakistan Professor/Dean of management and Social Sciences Department Capital University of Science and TechnologyIslamabadPakistan

This study examines the impact of family control on the dividend policy of firms in Pakistan,covering the period from 2009 to *** also investigates whether family control moderates the impact of firm-specific factors on the dividend *** Gmm model for panel data estimation is *** mean difference univariate analysis shows that family firms differ from nonfamily firms based on financial *** multivariate analysis shows that family firms pay lower dividends than nonfamily ***,firm size inversely affects the dividend policy,whereas tangibility positively affects ***,family control does not moderate the impact of all firm-specific factors on the dividend ***,family control,size,and tangibility are found to be the main determinants of the dividend policy in Pakistan.

关键词： Family firm Family ownership Dividend,minority shareholder Expropriation Agency conflicts

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