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Using data from‘visible’populations to estimate the size and importance of‘hidden’populations in an epidemic:A modelling technique

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Infectious Disease modelling 2020年第1期5卷 798-813页

作者： Anna m.foss Holly J.Prudden Kate m.mitchell michael Pickles Reynold Washington Anna E.Phillips michel Alary marie-Claude Boily Stephen moses Charlotte H.Watts Peter T.Vickerman Department of Global Health and Development and Centre for mathematical modelling of Infectious Diseases London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine15-17 Tavistock PlaceLondonWC1H 9SHUK Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology School of Public HealthImperial College LondonMedical School BuildingSt Mary’s CampusNorfolk PlaceLondonW21PGUK St John’s Research Institute 100 Feet RoadJohn NagarKoramangalaBangalore560034KarnatakaIndia Department of Community Health Sciences Max Rady College of MedicineRady Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of ManitobaS113-750 Bannatyne AvenueWinnipegManitobaR3E 0W3Canada Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-UniversitéLaval 1050 Chemin Ste-FoyQuébec(Qc)G1S 4L8Canada Département de médecine sociale et préventive Facultéde médecineUniversitéLaval1050avenue de la MédecineQuébec(Qc)G1V 0A6Canada

We used reported behavioural data from cisgender men who have sex with men and transgender women(mSm/TGW)in Bangalore,mainly collected from‘hot-spot’locations that attract mSm/TGW,to illustrate a technique to deal with potential issues with the representativeness of this sample.A deterministic dynamic model of HIV transmission was developed,incorporating three subgroups of mSm/TGW,grouped according to their reported predominant sexual role(insertive,receptive or versatile).Using mathematical modelling and data triangulation for‘balancing’numbers of partners and role preferences,we compared three different approaches to determine if our technique could be useful for inferring characteristics of a more‘hidden’insertive mSm subpopulation,and explored their potential importance for the HIV *** for 2009 across all three approaches suggest that HIV prevalence among insertive mSm was likely to be less than half that recorded in the surveys(4.5e6.5%versus 13.1%),but that the relative size of this subgroup was over four times larger(61e69%of all mSm/TGW versus 15%).We infer that the insertive mSm accounted for 10e20%of all prevalent HIV infections among urban males aged *** modelling can be used with data on‘visible’mSm/TGW to provide insights into the characteristics of‘hidden’mSm.A greater understanding of the sexual behaviour of all mSm/TGW is important for effective HIV *** broadly,a hidden subgroup with a lower infectious disease prevalence than more visible subgroups,has the potential to contain more infections,if the hidden subgroup is considerably larger in size.

关键词： HIV Infectious diseases mathematical modelling men who have sex with men Transgender women India

Career Performance Progressions of Junior and Senior Elite Track and Field Athletes

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2019年第2期1卷 168-175页

作者： Joshua L.foss Jacob A.Sinex Robert F.Chapman Department of Kinesiology School of Public Health-BloomingtonIndiana University1025 E.7th StreetBloomingtonIN 47405USA

Purpose To compare and assess differences in the career performance progressions of elite junior and Olympic track and field *** Annual best performances from top 8 men and women(***)in track and field events at the 2000 World Junior Championships(junior cohort)and the 2000 Olympic Games(Olympic cohort)were *** bests of these finalists were tracked each year from select groups:sprints(100 m,200 m),distance(1500 m,5000 m),jumps(long jump,high jump),throws(discus,shot put).Age of best lifetime performance,age of final posted performance,and improvement from junior-age best to lifetime best performance were compared between *** Olympic finalists achieved lifetime best performances at later ages than junior finalists[26.0±4.0 years vs.21.1±3.5 years;age difference 90%CI(3.7-5.2 years),Pmproved from under-20 best to lifetime best more so than junior finalists[6.1±4.8%vs.2.5±2.3%;Age difference 90%CI(2.5-4.8%),Pmprove after age 19,while 19 of 128 Olympic finalists posted no improvement after age *** The data suggest that these two populations have different career performance progressions and challenge the notion that achieving elite success as a junior athlete is a prerequisite for the same success at the senior level.

关键词： Youth sport maturation Physical development Early specialization

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第14期20卷 3986-4000页

作者： Bjarte Fosby Sigrid Nss Johannes R Hov James Traherne Kirsten m Boberg John Trowsdale Aksel foss Pl-Dag Line Andre Franke Espen melum Helge Scott Tom H Karlsen Norwegian PSC Research Center Division of CancerSurgery and TransplantationOslo University Hospital Institute of Clinical medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Oslo KG Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre Research Institute of Internal MedicineOslo University Hospital Department of Transplantation medicine Division of CancerSurgery and TransplantationOslo University Hospital Division of Immunology Department of PathologyUniversity of Cambridge and Cambridge Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of Cambridge Institute of Clinical molecular Biology Christian-Albrechts-University Department of Pathology Divisoin of Diagnostics and InterventionInstitute of PathologyOslo University Hospital

AIm: To investigate influence of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and killer immunoglobuline-like receptor (KIR) genotypes on risks of acute rejection (AR) after liver transplantation (LTX).

关键词： Liver transplantation Primary sclerosing cholangitis Acute rejection Human leukocyte antigen Killer immunoglobulin-like receptor

Tourniquets do not increase the total blood loss or reamputation risk in transtibial amputations

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2017年第1期8卷 62-67页

作者： Christian Wied Peter T Tengberg Gitte Holm Thomas Kallemose Nicolai B foss Anders Troelsen morten T Kristensen Depart-ment of Orthopedic Surgery Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre Clinical Research Centre Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre Physical medicine and Rehabilita-tion Research--Copenhagen Department of Physical TherapyCopenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre

AIm To investigate the total blood loss(TBL) and the safety with respect to the re-amputation rate after transtibial amputation(TTA) conducted with and without a tourniquet. mETHODS The study was a single-centre retrospective cohort study of patients with a primary TTA admitted between January 2013 and April 2015. All patients with a primary TTA were assessed for inclusion if the amputation was performed because of arteriosclerosis or diabetic complications. All patients underwent a standardized TTA procedure that was performed approximately 10 cm below the knee joint and performed with sagittalflaps. The pneumatic tourniquet, when used, was inflated around the femur to a pressure of 100 mmH g above the systolic blood pressure. The number of blood transfusions within the first four postoperative days was recorded. The intraoperative blood loss(OBL), which is defined as the volume of blood lost during surgery, was determined from the suction volume and by the weight difference of the surgical dressings. The trigger for a blood transfusion was set at a decrease in the Hgb level mmol/L). Transfusions were performed with pooled red blood cells containing 245 m L per portion, which equals 55 g/L of haemoglobin. The TBL during the first four postoperative days was calculated based on the haemoglobin level and the estimated blood volume. The re-amputation rate was evaluated within 30 d. RESULTS Seventy-four out of 86 consecutive patients who underwent TTA within the two-year study period were included in the analysis. Of these, 38 were operated on using a tourniquet and 36 were operated on without using a tourniquet. There were no significant preoperative differences between the groups. The patients in both groups had a postoperative decrease in their Hgb level compared with preoperative baseline values. The patients operated on using a tourniquet received approximately three millilitres less blood transfusion per kilogram body weight compared with patients o

关键词： Total blood loss Intraoperative blood loss Transtibial amputation Lower extremity amputation Pneumatic tourniquet Re-amputation

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m1系列坦克的前景

国外坦克 1994年第5期 13-16页

作者： Christopher F foss 杨帆

由于Block Ⅲ主战坦克(它是美国陆军前“装甲系统现代化” 计划的关键)被取消,通用动力公司地面系统分公司制造的m1“艾布拉姆斯”系列主战坦克被确定保持服役至下个世纪。 m1主战坦克的第一批生产的车辆在1980年完成。最初的生产在陆... 详细信息

由于Block Ⅲ主战坦克(它是美国陆军前“装甲系统现代化” 计划的关键)被取消,通用动力公司地面系统分公司制造的m1“艾布拉姆斯”系列主战坦克被确定保持服役至下个世纪。 m1主战坦克的第一批生产的车辆在1980年完成。最初的生产在陆军的利马坦克厂和底特律兵工坦克厂进行,但制造集中在利马坦克厂进行。利马坦克厂现在是美国唯一的主战坦克生产厂。

关键词：主战坦克美国陆军批生产装甲兵工布拉姆底特律分公司现代化生产厂

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伊朗的装甲工业——坦克制造业的革命巨浪

国外坦克 1998年第6期 33-36页

作者： Christopher F foss 常成

伊朗已成为中东地区第三个制造主战坦克的国家。以前,以色列一直是该地区唯一有能力制造主战坦克(该国的“梅卡瓦”)的国家。多年来,埃及一直在开罗附近的埃及坦克制造厂生产美国通用动力地面系统公司的m1A1主战坦克。

关键词：主战坦克系统公司坦克装甲车辆制造厂制造业伊朗俄罗斯卡瓦柴油发动机火控系统

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中东市场上的三种自行迫击炮

国外坦克 1995年第2期 22-24页

作者： Christopher F foss 戚鲁江

现代步兵对迫击炮的要求是:能在步兵营长的指挥下,对火力支援的召唤迅速作出反应,自行迫击炮系统正适合步兵的这种需要。以往的口径为81mm、107mm、120mm的迫击炮一般安装在全履带式装甲输送车(如m113)的后部,从开启的顶部舱盖向外射击... 详细信息

现代步兵对迫击炮的要求是:能在步兵营长的指挥下,对火力支援的召唤迅速作出反应,自行迫击炮系统正适合步兵的这种需要。以往的口径为81mm、107mm、120mm的迫击炮一般安装在全履带式装甲输送车(如m113)的后部,从开启的顶部舱盖向外射击,或直接拖挂在装甲输送车的后面。

关键词：迫击炮装甲输送车火力支援步兵履带式射击舱盖火控系统全球定位系统最大射程

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艾尔-洛格公司提供的悬挂装置

国外坦克 1999年第7期 27-29页

作者： Christopher F foss 曹玉芬

在维克斯造船和工程有限公司(VSEL)为AS90 155mm自行火炮系统成功地提供悬挂装置之后,作为TI集团成员的英国艾尔-洛格(Air-log)公司也正在为各种武器平台研制一种新的悬挂装置。目前,越来越多的新型车辆上都在安装液气悬挂装置。这不... 详细信息

在维克斯造船和工程有限公司(VSEL)为AS90 155mm自行火炮系统成功地提供悬挂装置之后,作为TI集团成员的英国艾尔-洛格(Air-log)公司也正在为各种武器平台研制一种新的悬挂装置。目前,越来越多的新型车辆上都在安装液气悬挂装置。这不仅提高了坦克的越野机动能力和武器平台的稳定性,而且还为乘员提供了舒适性。几年前,艾尔-洛格公司为m109 155mm自行火炮系统研制和试验了一种Hydrostrut悬挂改进装置,安装在第一和最后一个负重轮轮座处,从而提高了发射平台的稳定性。该公司还为老式的“百人队长”和“酋长”坦克研制了一种Hydrostrut悬挂改进装置。

关键词：悬挂装置自行火炮负重轮系统研制发射平台机动能力坦克武器稳定性造船

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以色列改装T-72坦克的动力传动装置

国外坦克 1997年第11期 27-28页

作者： Christopher F foss 郭春兰

以色列尼姆达(NImDA)公司用一种新型动力装置改装俄罗斯的T-72系列主战坦克。这种动力装置已安装在捷克共和国改进的T-72m4CZ型主战坦克上。

关键词：动力装置主战坦克俄罗斯动力传动装置 Z型正在进行底特律柴油机发动机主承包商反应式装甲