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Nanotechnology for Water Treatment: Is It the Best Solution Now?

Journal of Earth Science 2023年第5期34卷 1616-1620页

作者： moustafa Gamal Snousy Hassan mohamed Helmy Jianhua Wu m.f.zawrah A.Abouelmagd Egyptian Petroleum Sector Petrotrade Co.1 Anwar Al Moftty St.-Abbas El Akkad St.-Nasr CityCairoEgypt Geology Department Faculty of ScienceMinia UniversityEl-Minia 61519Egypt School of Water and Environment Chang'an UniversityNo.126 Yanta RoadXi'an 710054China Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the ministry of Education Chang'an UniversityNo.126 Yanta RoadXi'an 710054China Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions of the ministry of Water Resources Chang'an UniversityNo.126 Yanta RoadXi'an 710054China Refractory Ceramics and Building Materials DepartmentCenter of Excellence for Advanced SciencesAdvanced Materials and Nano GroupNational Research CentreCairo 12622-DokkiEgypt Egyptian Petroleum Sector 85 Nasr Road1st DistrictNasr CityCairoEgypt

INTRODUCTION Preservation of the freshwater resources is a big challenge for a healthy civilized *** water consumption increased more than twice the population increase rate,drinking water pollution and freshwater shortage increased dramatically during the last decades(Kar et al.,2012;mueller and Nowack,2010).Only 0.01%of freshwater resources are suitable for human needs(Rashid et al.,2019),even in the areas of abundant freshwater(Yeston et al.,2006).By 2050,over 5 billion of the world population will be under severe fresh water supply conditions due to climate change and urbanization exacerbate(Sealy,2019;Oves et al.,2015;Kar et al.,2012).Currently,one billion people drink unhygienic water,especially in developing countries which leads to severe waterborne diseases which might cause death(Aminiyan et al.,2018).Twelve million people die every year due to this problem(Zhao et al.,2019;Oves et al.,2015).

关键词： abundant freshwater pollution

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Review on nanocomposites fabricated by mechanical alloying

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International Journal of minerals,metallurgy and materials 2019年第9期26卷 1047-1058页

作者： mohammed A. Taha Rasha A. Youness m.f. zawrah Solid State Physics Department National Research CentreEl Buhouth St.Dokki 12622CairoEgypt Spectroscopy Department National Research CentreEl Buhouth St.Dokki 12622CairoEgypt Refractories Ceramics and Building Material DepartmentNational Research CentreEl Buhouth St.Dokki 12622CairoEgypt

Composites are composed of multiphase materials, where each phase has specific properties that differ from those of the other phases which can effect on the whole properties of composite. Nanocomposites are class of materials that contain at least one phase in the nanometric size range and can be produced by any suitable technique for preparing nanomaterials. Composites are an interesting class of materials that have recently been used in numerous applications, including structural, biomedical, electronics, and environmental applications. In composites, reinforcements might be fibers, particulates, or whiskers. mechanical alloying(mA) is a promising technique for producing nanocomposite materials that are difficult or impossible to prepare via conventional techniques. In this review, we provide an overview of nanocomposites prepared by the mA process. The mechanism of milling and other milling parameters are overviewed, and insights into sintering categories and parameters are also presented.

关键词： nanocomposites mechanical alloying fabrication sintering

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Nonlinear forced vibration in a subcritical regime of a porous functionally graded pipe conveying fluid with a retaining clip

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Applied mathematics and mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第1期46卷 101-122页

作者： m.GHOLAmI m.EfTEKHARI Department of mechanical Engineering Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman

This study examines the nonlinear behaviors of a clamped-clamped porous pipe made of a functionally graded material(fGm) that conveys fluids and is equipped with a retaining clip, focusing on primary resonance and subcritical dynamics. The nonlinear governing equations for the fGm pipe are derived by the extended Hamilton's principle, and subsequently discretized through the application of the Galerkin *** direct method of multi-scales is then used to solve the derived equations. A thorough analysis of various parameters, including the clip stiffness, the power-law index, the porosity, and the clip location, is conducted to gain a comprehensive understanding of the system's nonlinear dynamics. Through the analysis of the first natural frequency, the study highlights the influence of the flow velocity and the clip stiffness, while the comparisons with metallic pipes emphasize the role of fGm composition. The examination of the forced response curves reveals saddle-node bifurcations and their dependence on parameters such as the detuning parameter and the power-law index, offering valuable insights into the system's nonlinear resonant behavior. furthermore, the frequency-response curves illustrate the hardening nonlinearities influenced by factors such as the porosity and the clip stiffness, revealing nuanced effects on the system response and resonance characteristics. This comprehensive analysis enhances the understanding of nonlinear behaviors in fGm porous pipes with a retaining clip, providing key insights for practical engineering applications in system design and optimization.

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Neurogenesis dynamics in the olfactory bulb:deciphering circuitry organization, function, and adaptive plasticity

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1565-1581页

作者： moawiah m.Naffaa Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Duke UniversityDurhamNCUSA Department of Cell Biology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNCUSA

Adult neurogenesis persists after birth in the subventricular zone, with new neurons migrating to the granule cell layer and glomerular layers of the olfactory bulb, where they integrate into existing circuitry as inhibitory interneurons. The generation of these new neurons in the olfactory bulb supports both structural and functional plasticity, aiding in circuit remodeling triggered by memory and learning processes. However, the presence of these neurons, coupled with the cellular diversity within the olfactory bulb, presents an ongoing challenge in understanding its network organization and function. moreover,the continuous integration of new neurons in the olfactory bulb plays a pivotal role in regulating olfactory information processing. This adaptive process responds to changes in epithelial composition and contributes to the formation of olfactory memories by modulating cellular connectivity within the olfactory bulb and interacting intricately with higher-order brain regions. The role of adult neurogenesis in olfactory bulb functions remains a topic of debate. Nevertheless, the functionality of the olfactory bulb is intricately linked to the organization of granule cells around mitral and tufted cells. This organizational pattern significantly impacts output, network behavior, and synaptic plasticity, which are crucial for olfactory perception and memory. Additionally, this organization is further shaped by axon terminals originating from cortical and subcortical regions. Despite the crucial role of olfactory bulb in brain functions and behaviors related to olfaction, these complex and highly interconnected processes have not been comprehensively studied as a whole. Therefore, this manuscript aims to discuss our current understanding and explore how neural plasticity and olfactory neurogenesis contribute to enhancing the adaptability of the olfactory system. These mechanisms are thought to support olfactory learning and memory, potentially through increased

关键词： network adaptability neurogenesis neuronal communication olfactory bulb olfactory learning olfactory memory synaptic plasticity

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One-loop approximation of mφller scattering in generalized Krein-space quantization

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Science China(Physics,mechanics & Astronomy) 2009年第2期52卷 212-217页

作者： f. PAYANDEH m. mEHRAfARIN m. V. TAKOOK Physics Department Amirkabir University of Technology Payame Noor University Physics Department Razi University

It has been shown that the negative-norm states necessarily appear in a covariant quantization of the free minimally coupled scalar field in de Sitter spacetime. In this processes ultraviolet and infrared di- vergences have been automatically eliminated. A natural renormalization of the one-loop interacting quantum field in minkowski spacetime (λφ 4) has been achieved through the consideration of the nega- tive-norm states defined in Krein space. It has been shown that the combination of quantum field theory in Krein space together with consideration of quantum metric fluctuation, results in quantum field the- ory without any divergences. Pursuing this approach, we express Wick’s theorem and calculate mφller scattering in the one-loop approximation in generalized Krein space. The mathematical consequence of this method is the disappearance of the ultraviolet divergence in the one-loop approximation.

关键词： quantum field theory Krein space negative energy states

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Holmium Oxide film as a Saturable Absorber for 2μm Q-Switched fiber Laser

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Chinese Physics Letters 2017年第5期34卷 48-51页

作者： m.f.A.Rahman m.f.m.Rusdi m.Q.Lokman m.B.H.mahyuddin A.A.Latiff A.H.A.Rosol K.Dimyati S.W.Harun Department of Electrical Engineering University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia Photonics Research Centre University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia faculty of Electrical Engineering University Teknologi Mara Shah Alam 40450 Malaysia

This work reports on the use of the holmium oxide （Ho2O3） polymer film as a saturable absorber （SA） for generating stable Q-switching pulses operating in a 2μm region in a thulium-doped fiber laser cavity. The SA is prepared by diluting a commercial Ho3O2 powder and then mixing it with polyvinyI alcohol （PVA） solution to form a Ho2O3-PVA film. A tiny part of the film about 1mm×1 mm in size is sandwiched between two fiber ferrules with the help of index matching gel. When incorporated in a laser cavity driven by a 1552-nm pump, stable Q-switching pulses are observed at 1955nm within the pump power range of 363 491 roW. As the pmnp power increases within this range, the repetition rate rises from 26 kHz to 39 kHz, as the pulse width drops from 4.22μs to 2.57μs. The laser operates with a signal-to-noise ratio of 47dB, and the maximum output power and the pulse energy obtained are 2.67mW and 69ng, respectively. Our results successfully demonstrate that the Ho2O3 film can be used as a passive SA to generate a 2μm pulse laser.

关键词： m Q-Switched fiber Laser SA fESEm

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mitochondria–cGAS–STING axis is a potential therapeutic target for senescence-dependent inflammaging-associated neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 805-807页

作者： Josém.Izquierdo Centro de Biología molecular Severo Ochoa(CBm) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid(CSIC-UAM)MadridSpain

The word “senescence” comes from the Latin senescens, meaning “to begin to age”, and is characterized by a long-lasting but reversible block in proliferation, resulting from stress-induced cell cycle arrest of pre... 详细信息

关键词： Latin potential lasting

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Complement-dependent neuroinflammation in spinal cord injury:from pathology to therapeutic implications

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1324-1335页

作者： Hassan Saad Bachar El Baba Ali Tfaily firas Kobeissy Juanmarco Gutierrez Gonzalez Daniel Refai Gerald R.Rodts Christian mustroph David Gimbel Jonathan Grossberg Daniel L.Barrow matthew f.Gary Ali m.Alawieh Department of Neurosurgery Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurology Yale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA Center for Neurotrauma Multiomics&Biomarkers(CNMB)Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA

Spinal cord injury remains a major cause of disability in young adults,and beyond acute decompression and rehabilitation,there are no pharmacological treatments to limit the progression of injury and optimize recovery in this *** the thorough investigation of the complement system in triggering and propagating cerebral neuroinflammation,a similar role for complement in spinal neuroinflammation is a focus of ongoing *** this work,we survey the current literature investigating the role of complement in spinal cord injury including the sources of complement proteins,triggers of complement activation,and role of effector functions in the *** study relevant data demonstrating the different triggers of complement activation after spinal cord injury including direct binding to cellular debris,and or activation via antibody binding to damage-associated molecular *** effector functions of complement have been implicated in spinal cord injury,and we critically evaluate recent studies on the dual role of complement anaphylatoxins in spinal cord injury while emphasizing the lack of pathophysiological understanding of the role of opsonins in spinal cord *** this pathophysiological review,we systematically review the different translational approaches used in preclinical models of spinal cord injury and discuss the challenges for future translation into human *** review emphasizes the need for future studies to dissect the roles of different complement pathways in the pathology of spinal cord injury,to evaluate the phases of involvement of opsonins and anaphylatoxins,and to study the role of complement in white matter degeneration and regeneration using translational strategies to supplement genetic models.

关键词： complement neuroinflammation neuroplasticity regeneration spinal cord injury targeted therapy

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PRECIPITATION BEHAVIOR Of m_(2)N IN A HIGH-NITROGEN AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL DURING ISOTHERmAL AGING

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Acta metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2007年第2期20卷 95-101页

作者： f. Shi L.J. Wang W.f. Cui C.m. Liu School of materials ＆ metallurgy Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110004 China

The precipitation behavior of m2N and the microstructural evolution in a Cr-mn austenitic stainless steel with a high nitrogen content of 0.43mass% during isothermal aging has been investigated using optical microscopy （ Om）, scanning electron microscopy （SEm）, and transmission electron microscopy （TEm）. The aging treatments have led to the decomposition of nitrogen supersaturated austenitic matrix through discontinuous cellular precipitation. The precipitated cells comprise alternate lamellae of m2N precipitate and austenitic matrix. This kind of precipitate morphology is similar to that of pearlite. However, owing to the non-eutectoidic mechanism of the reaction, the growth characteristic of the cellular precipitates is different from that of pearlite in fe-C binary alloys. m2N precipitate in the cell possesses a hexagonal crystal structure with the parameters a = 0.4752nm and c = 0.4429nm, and the orientation relationship between the m2V precipitates and austenite determined from the SADP is [01^-10]m2N//[101]γ, [2^-1^-10]m2N//[010]γ.

关键词： austenitic stainless steel high nitrogen microstructureisothermal aging precipitation

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Antimonene-based saturable absorber for a soliton mode-locked and Q-switched fiber laser in the 2 μm wavelength region

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Chinese Physics B 2023年第6期32卷 259-269页

作者： H Ahmad B Nizamani m Z Samion N Yusoff m f Ismail Photonics Research Centre Universiti Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia Physics Department Faculty of ScienceUniversiti Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia Distinguished Visiting Professor Universiti Kuala Lumpur British Malaysian Institute(UniKL BMI)Batu 8Jln Sungai Pusu53100SelangorMalaysia

We demonstrate antimonene as a saturable absorber(SA) to generate an ultrafast mode-locked and Q-switched laser in the 2 μm wavelength region. The two antimonene-based SAs were prepared and inserted separately in a thulium–holmiumdoped fiber laser to produce the pulsed laser. Antimonene was coated onto a tapered fiber to generate soliton mode-locked pulses and used in thin-film form for the generation of Q-switched pulses. The mode-locking was stable within a pump power of 267 m W–511 m W, and the laser operated at a central wavelength of 1897.4 nm. The mode-locked laser had a pulse width of 1.3 ps and a repetition rate of 12.6 mHz, with a signal-to-noise ratio of 64 d B. Q-switched laser operation was stable at a wavelength of 1890.1 nm within a pump power of 312 m W–381 m W. With the increase in pump power from 312 m W to 381 m W, the repetition rate increased to a maximum of 56.63 k Hz and the pulse width decreased to a minimum value of 2.85 μs. Wide-range tunability of the Q-switched laser was also realized within the wavelength range of1882 nm–1936 nm.

关键词： mode-locking Q-switched fiber laser optical saturable absorber

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