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Brain insulin resistance: an early risk factor for Alzheimer's disease development in Down syndrome

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第2期17卷 333-335页

作者： eugenio Barone Department of Biochemical Sciences“A.Rossi-Fanelli” Sapienza University of RomePiazzale A.MoroRomaItaly

Down syndrome(DS) is the most frequent chromosomal abnormality that causes intellectual disability, resulting from the presence of an extra complete or segment of chromosome 21(HSA21)(Tramutola et al., 2020;Lanzillotta et al., 2021). every year, approximately 6000 children are born with DS and most of them do not have an autonomous life.

关键词： al. Alzheimer Down

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Subtotal gastrectomy for gastric cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第38期20卷 13667-13680页

作者： Roberto Santoro Giuseppe m ettorre eugenio Santoro Department of General Surgery and Transplantation San CamilloForlanini General Hospital

Although a steady decline in the incidence and mortality rates of gastric carcinoma has been observed in the last century worldwide, the absolute number of new cases/year is increasing because of the aging of the population. So far, surgical resection with curative intent has been the only treatment providing hope for cure; therefore, gastric cancer surgery has become a specialized field in digestive surgery. Gastrectomy with lymph node (LN) dissection for cancer patients remains a challenging procedure which requires skilled, well-trained surgeons who are very familiar with the fast-evolving oncological principles of gastric cancer surgery. As a matter of fact, the extent of gastric resection and LN dissection depends on the size of the disease and gastric cancer surgery has become a patient and “disease-tailored” surgery, ranging from endoscopic resection to laparoscopic assisted gastrectomy and conventional extended multivisceral resections. LN metastases are the most important prognostic factor in patients that undergo curative resection. LN dissection remains the most challenging part of the operation due to the location of LN stations around major retroperitoneal vessels and adjacent organs, which are not routinely included in the resected specimen and need to be preserved in order to avoid dangerous intra- and postoperative complications. Hence, the surgeon is the most important non-TmN prognostic factor in gastric cancer. Subtotal gastrectomy is the treatment of choice for middle and distal-third gastric cancer as it provides similar survival rates and better functional outcome compared to total gastrectomy, especially in early-stage disease with favorable prognosis. Nonetheless, the resection range for middle-third gastric cancer cases and the extent of LN dissection at early stages remains controversial. Due to the necessity of a more extended procedure at advanced stages and the trend for more conservative treatments in early gastric cance

关键词： Gastric cancer Gastrectomy Lymphadenectomy Laparoscopy endoscopy Quality of life Gastric stump cancer

Fast prediction of rain erosion in wind turbine blades using a data-based computational tool

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2024年第3期36卷 504-518页

作者： Juan m.Gimenez Sergio R.Idelsohn eugenio Oñate Centre Internacional de mètodes Numèrics en enginyeria(CImNe) Edifici C1 Campus Nord UPC C/Gran CapitàS/NBarcelonaSpain

Wind turbines(WTs)face a high risk of failure due to environmental factors like erosion,particularly in high-precipitation areas and offshore *** this paper we introduce a novel computational tool for the fast prediction of rain erosion damage on WT blades that is useful in operation and maintenance decision making *** approach is as follows:Pseudo-Direct Numerical Simulation(P-DNS)simulations of the droplet-laden flow around the blade section profile are employed to build a high-fidelity data set of impact statistics for potential operating *** this database as training data,a machine learning-based surrogate model provides the feature of the impact pattern over the 2-D section for given wind and rain *** this information,a fatigue-based model estimates the remaining lifetime and erosion damage for both homogeneous and coating-substrate blade *** prediction is done by quantifying the accumulated droplet impact energy and evaluating operative conditions over time periods for which the weather at the installation site is *** this work,we describe the modules that compose the prediction method,namely the database creation,the training of the surrogate model and their coupling to build the prediction ***,the method is applied to predict the remaining lifetime and erosion damage to the blade sections of a reference *** evaluate the reliability of the tool,several site locations(offshore,coastal,and inland),the coating material and the coating thickness of the blade are *** few minutes we are able to estimate erosion after many years of *** results are in good agreement with field observations,showing the promise of the new rain erosion prediction approach.

关键词： Wind turbine blades leading edge erosion fatigue Pseudo-Direct Numerical Simulation(P-DNS) machine learning eblader

Computing Open-Loop Optimal Control of the q-Profile in Ramp-Up Tokamak Plasmas Using the minimal-Surface Theory

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Plasma Science and Technology 2013年第5期15卷 403-410页

作者：许超欧勇盛 eugenio SCHUSTeR 于欣 The State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology Zhejiang University Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of mechanical engineering & mechanics Lehigh University Ningbo Institute of Technology Zhejiang University

The q-profile control problem in the ramp-up phase of plasma discharges is consid- ered in this work. The magnetic diffusion partial differential equation （PDe） models the dynamics of the poloidal magnetic flux profile, which is used in this work to formulate a PDe-constrained op-timization problem under a quasi-static assumption. The minimum surface theory and constrained numeric optimization are then applied to achieve suboptimal solutions. Since the transient dy- namics is pre-given by the minimum surface theory, then this method can dramatically accelerate the solution process. In order to be robust under external uncertainties in real implementations, PID （proportional-integral-derivative） controllers are used to force the actuators to follow the computational input trajectories. It has the potential to implement in real-time for long time discharges by combining this method with the magnetic equilibrium update.

关键词： advanced plasma operations current profile dynamics optimal control theory,minimal surface equation differential geometry

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Nonlinear forced vibration in a subcritical regime of a porous functionally graded pipe conveying fluid with a retaining clip

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Applied mathematics and mechanics(english edition) 2025年第1期46卷 101-122页

作者： m.GHOLAmI m.eFTeKHARI Department of mechanical engineering Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman

This study examines the nonlinear behaviors of a clamped-clamped porous pipe made of a functionally graded material(FGm) that conveys fluids and is equipped with a retaining clip, focusing on primary resonance and subcritical dynamics. The nonlinear governing equations for the FGm pipe are derived by the extended Hamilton's principle, and subsequently discretized through the application of the Galerkin *** direct method of multi-scales is then used to solve the derived equations. A thorough analysis of various parameters, including the clip stiffness, the power-law index, the porosity, and the clip location, is conducted to gain a comprehensive understanding of the system's nonlinear dynamics. Through the analysis of the first natural frequency, the study highlights the influence of the flow velocity and the clip stiffness, while the comparisons with metallic pipes emphasize the role of FGm composition. The examination of the forced response curves reveals saddle-node bifurcations and their dependence on parameters such as the detuning parameter and the power-law index, offering valuable insights into the system's nonlinear resonant behavior. Furthermore, the frequency-response curves illustrate the hardening nonlinearities influenced by factors such as the porosity and the clip stiffness, revealing nuanced effects on the system response and resonance characteristics. This comprehensive analysis enhances the understanding of nonlinear behaviors in FGm porous pipes with a retaining clip, providing key insights for practical engineering applications in system design and optimization.

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The sexually dimorphic expression of glutamate transporters and their implication in pain after spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3317-3329页

作者： Jennifer m.Colón-mercado Aranza I.Torrado-Tapias Iris K.Salgado Jose m.Santiago Samuel e.Ocasio Rivera Dina P.Bracho-Rincon Luis H.Pagan Rivera Jorge D.miranda Department of Physiology University of Puerto RicoMedical Sciences CampusSan JuanPRUSA National Institutes of Health National Human Genome Research InstituteBethesdaMDUSA Universidad Central del Caribe School of MedicineBayamónPRUSA University of Puerto Rico Carolina CampusCarolinaPRUSA Institute of Neurobiology San JuanPRUSA

In addition to the loss of motor function,~60% of patients develop pain after spinal cord *** cellular-molecular mechanisms are not well understood,but the data suggests that plasticity within the rostral,epicenter,and caudal penumbra of the injury site initiates a cellularmolecular interplay that acts as a rewiring mechanism leading to central neuropathic *** can lead to the formation of new connections triggering abnormal sensory *** excitatory glutamate transporters are responsible for the reuptake of extracellular glutamate which makes them a critical target to prevent neuronal hyperexcitability and *** previous studies showed a sexually dimorphic therapeutic window for spinal cord injury after treatment with the selective estrogen receptor modulator *** this study,we investigated the anti-allodynic effects of tamoxifen in male and female rats with spinal cord *** hypothesized that tamoxifen exerts anti-allodynic effects by increasing the expression of glutamate transporters,leading to reduced hyperexcitability of the secondary neuron or by decreasing aberrant *** and female rats received a moderate contusion to the thoracic spinal cord followed by subcutaneous slow-release treatment of tamoxifen or matrix pellets as a control(placebo).We used von Frey monofilaments and the“up-down method”to evaluate mechanical *** treatment decreased allodynia only in female rats with spinal cord injury revealing a sexdependent *** expression profile of glutamatergic transporters(excitatory amino acid transporter 1/glutamate aspartate transporter and excitatory amino acid transporter 2/glutamate transporter-1)revealed a sexual dimorphism in the rostral,epicenter,and caudal areas of the spinal cord with a pattern of expression primarily on *** rodents showed a significantly higher level of excitatory amino acid transporter-1 expression while male rodents showed increased

关键词： allodynia central neuropathic pain eAAT-1/GLAST eAAT-2/GLT-1 glutamate transporters selective estrogen receptor modulator sexual dimorphism spinal cord injury trauma

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A coupled fluid Fem-Dem technique for predicting blasting operations in tunnels

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Underground Space 2018年第4期3卷 310-316页

作者： Francisco Zarate Jose m.Gonzalez Juan miquel Rainald Lohner eugenio Onate Centre Internacional de metodes Numerics en enginyeria(CImNe) Spain Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya(UPC) Gran Capitan s/nCampus Nord08034 BarcelonaSpain George mason University USA1

We present recent developments in the coupling of the finite element method(Fem)and the discrete element method(Dem)for the analysis of rock blasting operations in *** coupled Fem-Dem technique has been proven to be an efficient procedure for pre-dicting the multiple fractures of rock induced by the loads generated in *** coupled Fem-Dem procedure is applied in tunnel construction,as well as to gas pressure blasting pyrotechnics to break rocks for the excavation of the tunnel *** the latter case,the effect of gas explosion is modeled by solving the equations of gas dynamics in the analysis domain using *** effect of gas forces in the underlying rock mass is modeled via an embedded fluid-structure interaction *** efficiency of the coupled Fem-Dem tech-nique is demonstrated in several examples of fracture tests and rock blasting problems related to tunnel *** examples pre-sented indicate that the combination of the Dem with simple three-node linear triangular elements(for two-dimensional problems)captures the onset of fractures and their evolution accurately,accounting for the penetration of gas in the failure domain(Zarate&Onate,2015;Zarate,Cornejo,&Onate,2018).

关键词： Discrete elements Finite elements Fracture mechanics Fem-Dem Gas dynamics

multi-temporal modeling of road-induced overland flow alterations in a terraced landscape characterized by shallow landslides

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第2期10卷 240-253页

作者： Luca mauri eugenio Straffelini Paolo Tarolli Department of Land EnvironmentAgriculture and ForestryUniversity of PadovaAgripolisViale Dell’Università 1635020Legnaro(PD)Italy

The presence of roads in high steep agricultural systems is often linked with landslides *** research aims to model multi-temporal overland flow dynamics in a shallow landslides-prone terraced landscape(northern Italy).The combined use of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems(RPAS)and photo-grammetric techniques(e.g.,Structure from motion-Sfm)allowed to elaborate multi-temporal high-resolution Digital elevation models(Dems).Hydrological analyses of water flow's depth alterations due to the road presence were carried out adopting the SImulated Water erosion model(SImWe),focusing on different scenarios considering the presence of the road and assuming its absence through a specific Dem smoothing *** possibility to perform multi-temporal hydrological simulations at a hillslope scale so as to analyse the role played by the road in overland flows alteration is still a challenge to be *** proved the role played by the road in water flows change above the two observed shallow landslides,with respective maximum water depth values equal to 0.18 m and 0.14 *** the contrary,no-road simulations not revealed significant water flows deviations towards landslides,with water depth values around 0 m,underlining that the absence of the road would avoid relevant changes in water flow paths toward the collapsed *** work could be a solid starting point for analyse road impact on runoff dynamics and hillslopes stability also at a wider scale,as well as for planning efficient mitigation intervention so as to reduce the occurrence of similar future scenarios.

关键词： Terraced landscape Road Landslide Remote sensing Dem

The formation and growth mechanisms of young back-arc spreading ridges from high-resolution bathymetry:The marsili Seamount(Tyrrhenian Sea,Italy)

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第1期15卷 325-338页

作者： eugenio Nicotra Salvatore Passaro Guido Ventura Dipartimento di Biologia ecologia e Scienze della Terra Universitàdella Calabria87036 Arcavacata di RendeCosenzaItaly Istituto di Scienze marine CNR 80133 NapoliItaly Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia 00143 RomaItaly Istituto per lo Studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilitáin ambiente marino CNR 91026 Capo GranitolaTrapaniItaly

The formation and growth mechanisms of mid-Ocean Ridges(mOR)are relatively well known,whereas those of back-arc spreading ridges are comparatively less known because geophysical,geochemical,and morphological data are scarce and of low *** we present a high-resolution bathymetry of the marsili Seamount(mS;1 ma-3 ka),which represents the inflated spreading ridge of the 2 ma old marsili back-arc basin associated to the subduction of the Ionian Sea below the Calabrian Arc and Tyrrhenian *** is 70 km long,30 km wide,and its height reaches about 3000 m from surrounding *** new digital bathymetric model has a 5 m grid cell size resolution and covers the mS bathymetry from-1670 mbsl to the top at-491 *** conduct morphometric and morphological analyses of the bathymetry and recognize landforms due to volcanic,tectonic,hydrothermal and gravity *** consists of volcanoes related to fissural and central-type activity,this latter located at the northern and southern tips of the main dike *** swarms represent the surface expression of different ridge segments whose strikes are controlled by the larger scale back-arc spreading processes and by the local occurrence of an active hydrothermal *** latter develops in a flat area between two partly overlapping ridge segments where historical volcanism and extensional processes *** ridges represent the embryonic stage of the formation of transform-like *** volcanoes,the northern of which is characterized by a caldera,form at the tips of mS because the decrease in width of the major volcanic fissures promotes vent localization associated with the formation of sill-like reservoirs from which central-type vents may *** processes affecting the mS flanks are due to shallow seafloor *** collapses affecting the northernmost central-type polygenic volcano must be included in the evaluation of the hazard related to potential *** dipping faul

关键词： Back-arc spreading ridge morphology Tectonics Volcanism marsili seamount