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Tribological behavior of shape-specific microplate-enriched synovial fluids on a linear two-axis tribometer

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Friction 2024年第3期12卷 539-553页

作者： Agnese FRAGASSI Antonietta GRECO martina di francesco Luca CESERACCIU Aiman ABU AmmAR Israel DVIR Thomas Lee mOORE Haytam KASEm Paolo DECUZZI Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision m.dicine Fondazione Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenova 16163Italy Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry University of GenovaGenoa 16146Italy materials Characterization Facility Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenova 16163Italy Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering Azrieli College of Engineering JerusalemJerusalem 9103501Israel Department of mechanical Engineering Azrieli College of Engineering JerusalemJerusalem 9103501Israel

Nano-and micro-particles are being increasingly used to tune interfacial frictional properties in diverse applications,from friction m.difiers in industrial lubrication to enhanced biological fluids in human osteoarthritic ***,we assessed the tribological properties of a simulated synovial fluid enriched with non-spherical,poly lactic-co-glycolic acid(PLGA)microparticles(μPL)that have been previously demonstrated for the pharmacological management of osteoarthritis(OA).Three different μPL configurations were fabricated presenting a 20μm×20μm square base and a thickness of 5μm(thin,5H μPL),10μm(10H μPL),and 20μm(cubical,20H μPL).After extensive morphological and physicochemical characterizations,the apparent Young’s modulus of the μPL was quantified under compressive loading returning an average value of~6 kPa,independently of the particle ***,using a linear two-axis tribometer,the static(μ_(s))and dynamic(μ_(d))friction coefficients of the μPL-enriched simulated synovial fluid were determined in terms of particle configuration and concentration,varying from 0(fluid only)to 6×10^(5) μPL/*** particle morphology had a modest influence on friction,possibly because the μPL were fully squeezed between two mating surfaces by a 5.8 N normal load realizing boundary-like lubrication ***,friction was observed to depend on the dimensionless parameterW,defined as the ratio between the total volume of the μPL enriching the simulated synovial fluid and the volume of the fluid *** coefficients of friction were documented to grow withWreaching a plateau of μ_(s)~0.4 and μ_(d)~0.15,already at Ω~2×10^(-3).Future investigations will have to systematically analyze the effect of sliding velocity,normal load,and rigidity of the mating surfaces to elucidate in full the tribological behavior of μPL in the context of osteoarthritis.

关键词： osteoarthritis microparticles tribology synovial fluid pin on plate

Impact of cattle density on the structure and natural regeneration of a turkey oak stand on an agrosilvopastoral farm in central Italy

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第1期35卷 168-182页

作者： Alessandra Pacini francesco Pelleri francesco marini Alberto maltoni Barbara mariotti Gianluigi mazza maria Chiara manetti Department of Agriculture FoodEnvironmentand ForestryUniversity of Florence50144 FlorenceItaly CREA Research Centre for Forestry and Wood 52100 ArezzoItaly PEFC Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification 06135 PerugiaItaly

On an agrosilvopastoral farm in central Italy where maremmana cattle graze in Turkey oak forests,we evaluated the impact of different livestock densities on stand structure,tree diversity and natural regeneration in four types of grazed areas based on the grazing regime adopted:calf-grazed,high-intensity-grazed,low-intensity-grazed,ungrazed *** each area,we set up three permanent circular plots(radius of 15 m)to survey the structural and dasometric characteristics of the overstorey,understorey,and regeneration *** results showed that grazing negatively affected the complexity of the forest structure and its potential to regenerate and maintain a high level of *** differences in stand structure observed between the grazing areas were closely related to livestock *** most sensitive components of the system were the understorey and the regeneration ***,the current grazing management did not affect the dominant tree structure or its *** findings identified m.dium-term monitoring and regeneration management as the two significant aspects to consider when assessing sustainable *** forests can be established by excluding graz-ing for about 20–25 years.

关键词： Agroforestry Stand structure Regeneration Tree biodiversity Grazing intensity

Pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation enhances neurite outgrowth in neural cells and modulates inflammation in macrophages

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Engineered Regeneration 2024年第1期5卷 80-91页

作者： francesco Fontana Andrea Cafarelli francesco Iacoponi Soria Gasparini Tiziano Pratellesi Abigail NKoppes Leonardo Ricotti The BioRobotics Institute Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna56127 PisaItaly Department of Excellence in Robotics&AI Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna56127 PisaItaly BAC Technology s.r.l. 50063 FlorenceItaly Department of Chemical Engineering Northeastern UniversityBostonMA 02115USA Department of Bioengineering Northeastern UniversityBostonMA 02115USA Department of Biology Northeastern UniversityBostonMA 02115USA

Nerve regeneration following traumas remains an unmet *** application of pulsed electromagnetic field(PEmF)stimulation has gained traction for a minimally invasive regeneration of ***,a sys-tematic exploration of different PEmF parameters influencing neuron function at a cellular level is not *** this study,we exposed neuroblastoma F11 cells to PEmF to trigger beneficial effects on neurite *** carrier frequencies,pulse repetition frequencies,and duty cycles were screened with a custom ad hoc setup to find the most influential parameters values.A carrier frequency of 13.5 mHz,a pulse repetition frequency of 20 Hz,and a duty cycle of 10%allowed maximal neurite outgrowth,with unaltered viability with respect to non-stimulated ***,in a longer-term analysis,such optimal conditions were also able to in-crease the gene expression of neuronal expression markers NeuN and Tuj-1 and transcription factor ***,the same optimal stimulation conditions were also applied to THP-1 macrophages,and both pro-inflammatory(TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8)and anti-inflammatory cytokines(IL-10,CD206)were *** optimal PEmF stimulation parameters did not induce differentiation towards an m1 macrophage phenotype,decreased IL-1β and IL-8 gene expression,decreased TNF-α and IL-8 cytokine release in m1-differentiated cells,increased IL-10 and CD206 gene expression,as well as IL-10 cytokine release in m0 *** specific PEmF stimulation regime,which is optimal in vitro,might have a high potential for a future in vivo translation targeting neural regeneration and anti-inflammatory action for treating peripheral nerve injuries.

关键词： Nerve regeneration Biophysical stimulation Pulsed electromagnetic fields(PEmF) Neurite outgrowth Anti-inflammatory Peripheral nerve injuries

Spatiotemporal oxygen dynamics in young leaves reveal cyclic hypoxia in plants

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molecular Plant 2024年第3期17卷 377-394页

作者： Paolo m.Triozzi Luca Brunello Giacomo Novi Gianmarco Ferri francesco Cardarelli Elena Loreti mariano Perales Pierdomenico Perata PlantLab Center of Plant SciencesSant'Anna School of Advanced Studies56010 PisaItaly Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas Universidad Politecnica de Madrid(UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria(INIA-CSIC)Campus de Montegancedo UPMPozuelo de Alarcon28223 MadridSpain Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza 56017 PisaItaly Laboratorio NEST Scuola Normale SuperioreIstituto Nanoscienze-CNRPiazza S.Silvestro1256127 PisaItaly institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology National Research Council56124 PisaItaly Departamento de Biotecnologia-Biologia Vegetal Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria AgronomicaAlimentaria y de BiosistemasUniversidad Politecnica de Madrid(UPM)28040 Madrid.Spain

Oxygen is essential for plant growth and *** occurs in plants due to limited oxygen avail-abilityfollowing adverse environmental conditions as well inhypoxic niches in otherwisenormoxic ***,the existence and functional integration of spatiotemporal oxygen dynamics with plant development remains *** animal systems dynamic fluctuations in oxygen availability are known as cyclic *** this study,we demonstrate that cyclic fluctuations in internal oxygen levels occur in young emerging leaves of Arabidopsis *** hypoxia in plants is based on a mechanism requiring the ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTORS type VII(ERFVII)that are central components of the oxygen-sensing machinery in *** ERFVll-dependent mechanism allows precise adjustment of leaf growth in response to carbon status and oxygen availability within plant *** study thus establishes a functional connection between internal spatiotemporal oxygen dynamics and developmental processes of plants.

关键词： Arabidopsis hypoxia cyclic hypoxia leaf development oxygen-sensing mechanism ERFVII

Design of a Novel Exoskeleton with Passive magnetic Spring Self-locking and Spine Lateral Balancing

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第1期21卷 236-255页

作者： Jhon F.Rodríguez-León Betsy D.m.Chaparro-Rico Daniele Cafolla francesco Lago Eduardo Castillo-Castañeda Giuseppe Carbone Centro de Investigacion en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnologia Avanzada Unidad Querétaro MecatronicaInstituto Politécnico NacionalCerro Blanco 14176090 Colinas del CimatarioQuerétaroMexico Department of mechanical Energy and Management EngineeringUniversity of CalabriaVia P.Bucci Cubo 46 C87036 RendeItaly Faculty of Science and Engineering Department of Computer ScienceSwansea UniversitySwanseaUK CESTER University of Cluj-NapocaCluj-NapocaRomania

This paper proposes a new upper-limb exoskeleton to reduce worker physical *** proposed design is based on a novel PRRRP(P-Prismatic;R-Revolute)kinematic chain with 5 passive Degrees of Freedom(DoF).Utilizing a magnetic spring,the proposed mechanism includes a specially designed locking mechanism that maintains any desired task *** proposed exoskeleton incorporates a balancing mechanism to alleviate discomfort and spinal torsional effects also helping in limb weight *** paper reports specific models and simulations to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed *** experimental characterization is performed to validate the performance of the mechanism in terms of forces and physical strain during a specific application consisting of ceiling-surface drilling *** obtained results preliminarily validate the engineering feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed exoskeleton in the intended operation task thereby requiring the user to exert significantly less force than when not wearing it.

关键词： Assistive mechanism Exoskeleton Locking mechanism Bionic robot

Developmental toxicity assessment of neonicotinoids and organophosphate esters with a human embryonic stem cell-and metabolism-based fast-screening model

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 370-381页

作者： Shuxian Zhang miaomiao Zhao Shichang Li Renjun Yang Nuoya Yin francesco Faiola State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

In recent years,neonicotinoids(NEOs)and organophosphate esters(OPEs)have been widely used as substitutes for traditional pesticides and brominated fame-retardants,*** studies have shown that those compounds can be frequently detected in environmental and human samples,are able to penetrate the placental barrier,and are toxic to ***,it is reasonable to speculate that NEOs and OPEs may have potential adverse effects in humans,especially during *** employed a human embryonic stem cell differentiation-and liver S9 fraction metabolism-based fast screening model to assess the potential embryonic toxicity of those two types of *** show that four NEO and five OPE prototypes targeted mostly ectoderm specification,as neural ectoderm and neural crest genes were down-regulated,and surface ectoderm and placode markers *** liver S9 fraction's treatment could generally reduce the effects of the chemicals,except in a few specific instances,indicating the liver may detoxify NEOs and *** findings suggest that NEOs and OPEs interfere with human early embryonic development.

关键词： Neonicotinoids Organophosphate esters Human embryonic stem cells Fast screening model Developmental toxicity

Dewatering of Scenedesmus obliquus Cultivation Substrate with microfiltration:Potential and Challenges for Water Reuse and Effective Harvesting

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Engineering 2024年第7期38卷 155-163页

作者： marco malaguti Lorenzo Craveri francesco Ricceri Vincenzo Riggio mariachiara Zanetti Alberto Tiraferri Department of Environment Land and Infrastructure EngineeringPolitecnico di TorinoTorino 10129Italy Clean Water Center Politecnico di TorinoTorino 10129Italy

In the microalgae harvesting process,which includes a step for dewatering the algal suspension,directly reusing extracted water in situ would decrease the freshwater footprint of cultivation *** various algae harvesting techniques,membrane-based filtration has shown numerous *** study evaluated the reuse of permeate streams derived from Scenedesmus obliquus(***)biomass filtration under bench-scale and pilot-scale *** particular,this study identified a series of challenges and mechanisms that influence the water reuse potential and the robustness of the membrane harvesting *** a preliminary phase of this investigation,the health status of the initial biomass was found to have important implications for the harvesting performance and quality of the permeate stream to be reused;healthy biomass ensured better dewatering performance(i.e.,higher water fluxes)and higher quality of the permeate water streams.A series of bench-scale filtration experiments with different combinations of cross-flow velocity and pressure values were performed to identify the operative conditions that would maximize water *** selected conditions,2.4 m·s^(-1)and 1.4 bar(1 bar=105 Pa),respectively,were then applied to drive pilot-scale microfiltration tests to reuse the collected permeate as a new cultivation m.dium for *** growth in a pilot-scale *** investigation revealed key differences between the behavior of the membrane systems at the two scales(bench and pilot).It indicated the potential for beneficial reuse of the permeate stream as the pilot-scale experiments ensured high harvesting performance and growth rates of biomass in permeate water that were highly similar to those recorded in the ideal cultivation ***,different nutrient reintegration protocols were investigated,revealing that both macro-and micro-nutrient levels are critical for the success of the reuse approach.

关键词： Scenedesmus obliquus microfiltration Permeate reuse Harvesting microalgae Pilot-scale

Unravelling the ion transport and the interphase properties of a mixed olivine cathode for Na-ion battery

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第9期96卷 300-317页

作者： Luca minnetti Leonardo Sbrascini Antunes Staffolani Vittorio marangon francesco Nobili Jusef Hassoun School of Sciences and Technologies–Chemistry division University of CamerinoVia Madonna delle Carceri ChIP62032 CamerinoItaly Current affiliation:University of Bologna Department of Chemistry“Giacomo Ciamician”Via Francesco Selmi 240126 BolognaItaly Graphene Labs Istituto Italiano di Tecnologiavia Morego 30Genoa 16163Italy Department of Chemical Pharmaceutical and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of FerraraVia Fossato di Mortara 1744121 FerraraItaly GISEL−Centro di Riferimento Nazionale per i Sistemi di Accumulo Elettrochimico di Energia INSTMFirenze 50121Italy National Interuniversity Consortium of materials Science and Technology(INSTm)University of Ferrara Research Unit University of FerraraVia Fossato di Mortara1744121 FerraraItaly

The replacement of Li by Na in an analogue battery to the commercial Li-ion one appears a sustainable strategy to overcome the several concerns triggered by the increased demand for the electrochemical energy ***,the apparently simple change of the alkali metal represents a challenging step which requires notable and dedicated ***,we investigate herein the features of a NaFe_(0.6)mn_(0.4)PO_(4)(NFmP)cathode with triphylite structure achieved from the conversion of a LiFe0.6mn0.4PO4(LFmP)olivine for application in Na-ion *** work initially characterizes the structure,morphology and performances in sodium cell of NFmP,achieving a maximum capacity exceeding 100 mAh g^(−1)at a temperature of 55℃,adequate rate capability,and suitable retention confirmed by ex-situ ***,the study compares in parallel key parameters of the NFmP and LFmP such as Na^(+)/Li^(+)ions diffusion,interfacial characteristics,and reaction mechanism in Na/Li cells using various electrochemical *** data reveal that relatively limited m.difications of NFmP chemistry,structure and morphology compared to LFmP greatly impact the reaction mechanism,kinetics and electrochemical *** changes are ascribed to the different physical and chemical features of the two compounds,the slower mobility of Na^(+)with respect to Li^(+),and a more resistive electrode/electrolyte interphase of sodium compared with ***,the study reveals analogue trends of the charge transfer resistance and the ion diffusion coefficient in NFmP and LFmP during the electrochemical process in ***,the NFmP achieved herein is suggested as a possible candidate for application in a low-cost,efficient,and environmentally friendly Na-ion battery.

关键词： NaFe_(0.6)mn_(0.4)PO_(4)NFmP Olivine Na-ion lon transport Interphase

An integrated computational method for calculating dynamic thermal bridges of building facades in tropical countries

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2024年第1期13卷 201-218页

作者： miktha Farid Alkadri muhammad Rafif Cahyadi Agung francesco De Luca Research Cluster of Architectural Sciences and Building Technology Department of ArchitectureFaculty of EngineeringUniversitas IndonesiaDepok 16425Indonesia Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture Tallinn University of TechnologyTallinn 19086Estonia

Identifying thermal bridges on building façades has been a great challenge for architects,especially during the conceptual design *** is not only due to the complexity of parameters when calculating thermal bridges,but also lack of feature integration between building energy simulation(BES)tools and the actual building *** example,existing BES tools predominantly calculate thermal bridges only in steady state without considering the temperature dynamic behaviour of building ***,relevant features such as thermal delay,decrement factor,and operative temperature are often neglected,and this can lead to miscalculation of energy *** study then proposes an integrated method to calculate dynamic thermal bridges under transient conditions by incorporating field observations and computational simulations of thermal *** specifically,the proposed method employs several measurement tools such as HOBO data logger to record the actual conditions of indoor and outdoor room temperature and thermal cameras to identify the surface temperature of selected building *** actual datasets are then integrated with the simulation workflow developed in BES *** study ultimately enables architects not only to identify potential thermal bridges on existing building façades but also to support material and geometric exploration in early design phase.

关键词： Thermal bridges Dynamic calculation Thermal delay Cooling load Computational design method