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Review of mercury's dynamic magnetosphere:Post-mESSENGER era and comparative magnetospheres

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第1期65卷 25-74页

作者： Weijie SUN Ryan mDEWEY Sae AIZAWA Jia HUANG James A.SLAVIN Suiyan FU Yong WEI Charles F.bowers Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMl 48109USA Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie CNRS-UPS-CNESToulouse 31400France Department of Geophysics Graduate School of ScienceTohoku UniversitySendai 980-8578Japan School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China School of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100864China

This review paper summarizes the research of mercury’s magnetosphere in the Post-mESSENGER era and compares its dynamics to those in other planetary magnetospheres,especially to those in Earth’s *** review starts by introducing the planet mercury,including its interplanetary environment,magnetosphere,exosphere,and conducting *** frequent and intense magnetic reconnection on the dayside magnetopause,which is represented by the flux transfer event"shower",is reviewed on how they depend on magnetosheath plasma β and magnetic shear angle across the magnetopause,followed by how it contributes to the flux circulation and magnetosphere-surface-exosphere *** the next,mercury’s magnetosphere under extreme solar events,including the core induction and the reconnection erosion on the dayside magnetosphere,as well as the responses of the nightside magnetosphere,are ***,the dawn-dusk properties of the plasma sheet,including the features of the ions,the structure of the current sheet,and the dynamics of magnetic reconnection,are *** last topic is devoted to the particle energization in mercury’s magnetosphere,which includes the energization of the Kelvin-Helmholtz waves on the magnetopause boundaries,reconnection-generated magnetic structures,and the cross-tail electric *** each chapter,the last section discusses the open questions related to each topic,which can be considered by the simulations and the future spacecraft *** end this paper by summarizing the future Bepi Colombo opportunities,which is a joint mission of ESA and JAXA and is en route to mercury.

关键词： mercury’s magnetosphere Flux transfer event shower Extreme solar events Core induction Reconnection erosion Dawn-dusk asymmetry Substorm current wedge Particle energization Kelvin-Helmholtz wave

Four-wave mixing in 1.3 μm epitaxial quantum dot lasers directly grown on silicon

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Photonics Research 2022年第5期10卷 1264-1270页

作者： JIANAN DUAN BOZHANG DONG WENG W.CHOW HEmING HUANG SHIHAO DING SONGTAO LIU JUSTIN C.NORmAN JOHN E.bowers FREDEIC GRILLOT LTCI Telecom ParisInstitut Polytechnique de Pahs91120 PalaiseauFrance Sandia National Laboratories AlbuquerqueNew Mexico 87185USA Institute for Energy Efficiency University of California Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCalifornia 93106USA Center for High Technology materials University of New-MexicoAlbuquerqueNew Mexico 87106USA State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology School of Electronic and Information EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Ayar Labs Santa ClaraCalifornia 95054USA Quintessent Inc.GoletaCalifornia 93117USA

This work compares the four-wave mixing(FWm)effect in epitaxial quantum dot(QD)lasers grown on silicon with quantum well(QW)lasers.A comparison of theory and experiment results shows that the measured FWm coefficient is in good agreement with theoretical *** gain in signal power is higher for p-doped QD lasers than for undoped lasers,despite the same FWm *** to the near-zero linewidth enhancement factor,QD lasers exhibit FWm coefficients and conversion efficiency that are more than one order of magnitude higher than those of QW ***,this leads to self-mode locking in QD *** findings are useful for developing on-chip sources for photonic integrated circuits on silicon.

关键词： lasers quantum mixing

Silicon nitride passive and active photonic integrated circuits:trends and prospects

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Photonics Research 2022年第6期10卷 I0001-I0015页

作者： CHAO XIANG WARREN JIN JOHN E.bowers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraSanta BarbaraCalifornia 93106USA

The use of silicon nitride in integrated photonics has rapidly progressed in recent ***-low-loss waveguides based on silicon nitride are a favorable platform for the research of nonlinear and microwave photonics and their application to a wide variety of fields,including precision metrology,communications,sensing,imaging,navigation,computation,and quantum *** recent years,the integration of Si and Ⅲ-Ⅴ materials has enabled new large-scale,advanced silicon nitride-based photonic integrated circuits with versatile *** this perspective article,we review current trends and the state-of-the-art in silicon nitride-based photonic devices and *** highlight the hybrid and heterogeneous integration of Ⅲ-Ⅴ with silicon nitride for electrically pumped soliton microcomb generation and ultra-low-noise lasers with fundamental linewidths in the tens of m Hz *** also discuss several ultimate limits and challenges of silicon nitride-based photonic device performance and provide routes and prospects for future development.

关键词： passive pumped nitride

mechanism-driven strategies for prevention of rheumatoid arthritis

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Rheumatology & Autoimmunity 2022年第3期2卷 109-119页

作者： V.michael Holers Kristine A.Kuhn m.Kristen Demoruelle Jill m.Norris Gary S.Firestein Eddie A.James William H.Robinson Jane H.Buckner Kevin D.deane Division of Rheumatology University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraColoradoUSA Department of Epidemiology Colorado School of Public HealthAuroraColoradoUSA Division of Rheumatology Allergy and ImmunologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA Benaroya Research Institute SeattleWashingtonUSA Division of Immunology and Rheumatology Stanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA Department of medicine Division of RheumatologyVA Palo Alto Health Care SystemPalo AltoCaliforniaUSA

In seropositive rheumatoid arthritis(RA),the onset of clinically apparent inflammatory arthritis(IA)is typically preceded by a prolonged period of autoimmunity manifest by the presence of circulating autoantibodies that can include antibodies to citrullinated protein antigens(ACPA)and rheumatoid *** period before clinical IA can be designated preclinical RA in those individuals who have progressed to a clinical diagnosis of RA,and an“at‐risk”status in those who have not developed IA but exhibit predictive biomarkers of future clinical *** the goal of developing RA prevention strategies,studies have characterized immune phenotypes of preclinical RA/at-risk *** these studies,a model has emerged wherein mucosal inflammation and dysbiosis may lead first to local autoantibody production,which should normally be transient,but instead is followed by a systemic spread of the autoimmunity as manifested by serum autoantibody elevations,ultimately driving the development of clinically identified joint *** model can be envisioned as the progression of disease development through serial“checkpoints”that in principle should constrain or resolve autoimmunity;however,instead,the checkpoints“fail”and clinical RA *** we review the immune processes that are likely to be present at each step and the potential therapeutic strategies that could be envisioned to delay,diminish,halt,or even reverse the progression to clinical ***,these prevention strategies could utilize existing therapies approved for clinical RA,therapies approved for other diseases that target relevant pathways in the preclinical/at-risk state,or approaches that target novel pathways.

关键词： autoimmune disease inflammation mucosa prevention rheumatoid arthritis

Electrically pumped quantum-dot lasersgrownon 300 mm patterned Si photonic wafers

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第11期11卷 2698-2705页

作者： Chen Shang Kaiyin Feng Eamonn THughes Andrew Clark mukul Debnath Rosalyn Koscica Gerald Leake Joshua Herman David Harame Peter Ludewig Yating Wan John E.bowers materials Department University of California Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCA 93106USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCA 93106USA OQE IncGreensboroNC 27409USA RF SUNY Polytechnic Institute AlbanyNY 12203USA NAsPIII/NV GmbH MarburgGermany

monolithic integration of quantum dot(QD)gain materials onto Si photonic platforms via direct epitaxial growth is a promising solution for on-chip light *** developments have demonstrated superior device reliability in blanket hetero-epitaxy ofⅡ-Ⅴdevices on Si at elevated ***,thick,defect management epi designs prevent vertical light coupling from the gain region to the Si-on-lnsulator ***,we demonstrate the frst electrically pumped QD lasers grown by molecular beam epitaxy on a 300 mm patterned(001)Si wafer with a buttcoupled *** growth and fabrication challenges imposed by the template architecture have been resolved,contributing to continuous wave lasing to 60℃and a maximum double-side output power of 126.6 mW at 20℃with a double-side wall-plug efficiency of 8.6%.The potential for robust on-chip laser operation and effcient lowloss light coupling to Si photonic circuits makes this heteroepitaxial integration platform on Si promising for scalable and low-cost mass production.

关键词： pumped quantum coupling

Posterior interosseous nerve localization within the proximal forearm-a patient normalized parameter

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2017年第4期8卷 310-316页

作者： Srinath Kamineni Crystal R Norgren Evan m Davidson Ellora P Kamineni Andrew S deane Elbow Shoulder Research Centre Depart-ment of Orthopaedics and Sports MedicineUniversity of Kentucky University of Kentucky College of medicine Paul Laurence Dunbar High School Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Indiana University School of Medicine

AIm To provide a "patient-normalized" parameter in the proximal forearm. mETHODS Sixty-three cadaveric upper extremities from thirty-five cadavers were studied. A muscle splitting approach was utilized to locate the posterior interosseous nerve(PIN) at the point where it emerges from beneath the supinator. The supinator was carefully incised to expose the midpoint length of the nerve as it passes into the forearm while preserving the associated fascial connections, thereby preserving the relationship of the nerve with the muscle. We measured the transepicondylar distance(TED), PIN distance in the forearm's neutral rotation position, pronation position, supination position, and the nerve width. Two individuals performed measurements using a digital caliper with inter-observer and intraobserver blinding. The results were analyzed with the Wilcoxon-mann-Whitney test for paired samples. RESULTS In pronation, the PIN was within two confidence intervals of 1.0 TED in 95% of cases(range 0.7-1.3 TED); in neutral, within two confidence intervals of 0.84 TED in 95% of cases(range 0.5-1.1 TED); in supination,within two confidence intervals of 0.72 TED in 95% of cases(range 0.5-0.9 TED). The mean PIN distance from the lateral epicondyle was 100% of TED in a pronated forearm, 84% in neutral, and 72% in supination. Predictive accuracy was highest in supination; in all cases the majority of specimens(90.47%-95.23%) are within 2 cm of the forearm position-specific percentage of TED. When comparing right to left sides for TEDs with the signed Wilcoxon-mann-Whitney test for paired samples as well as a significance test(with normal distribution), the P-value was 0.0357(significance-0.05) indicating a significant difference between the two *** This "patient normalized" parameter localizes the PIN crossing a line drawn between the lateral epicondyle and the radial styloid. Accurate PIN localization will aid in diagnosis, injections, and surgical approaches.

关键词： Posterior interosseous nerve Radial nerve Transepicondylar distance Radial tunnel syndrome Supinator syndrome

National trends in resection of the distal pancreas

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第32期18卷 4342-4349页

作者： Armando Rosales-Velderrain Steven P bowers Ross F Goldberg Tatyan m Clarke mauricia A Buchanan John A Stauffer Horacio J Asbun Department of General Surgery Mayo Clinic FloridaJacksonvilleFL 32225United States

AIm:To investigate national trends in distal pancreatectomy(DP) through query of three national patient care ***:From the Nationwide Inpatient Sample(NIS,2003-2009),the National Surgical Quality Improvement Project(NSQIP,2005-2010),and the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results(SEER,2003-2009) databases using appropriate diagnostic and procedural codes we identified all patients with a diagnosis of a benign or malignant lesion of the body and/or tail of the pancreas that had undergone a partial or distal *** of laparoscopy was defined in NIS by the International Classification of Diseases,Ninth Revision correspondent procedure code;and in NSQIP by the exploratory laparoscopy or unlisted procedure current procedural terminology *** SEER,patients were identified by the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology,Third Edition diagnosis codes and the SEER Program Code manual,third edition procedure *** analyzed the databases with respect to trends of inpatient outcome metrics,oncologic outcomes,and hospital volumes in patients with lesions of the neck and body of the pancreas that underwent operative ***:NIS,NSQIP and SEER identified 4242,2681 and 11 082 DP resections,***,laparoscopy was utilized in 15%(NIS) and 27%(NSQIP).No significant increase was seen over the course of the *** was performed for malignancy in 59%(NIS) and 66%(NSQIP).Neither patient Body mass index nor comorbidities were associated with operative approach(P = 0.95 and P = 0.96,respectively).mortality(3% vs 2%,P = 0.05) and reoperation(4% vs 4%,P = 1.0) was not different between laparoscopy and open *** complications(10% vs 15%,P < 0.001),hospital costs [44 741 dollars,interquartile range(IQR) 28 347-74 114 dollars vs 49 792 dollars,IQR 13 299-73 463,P = 0.02] and hospital length of stay(7 d,IQR 4-11 d vs 7 d,IQR 6-10,P < 0.001) were less when laparoscopy was *** and two year sur

关键词：切除术胰腺远端数据库查询教学医院程序代码肿瘤疾病 SEER

management of critically ill patients with type 2 diabetes:The need for personalised therapy

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World Journal of Diabetes 2015年第5期6卷 693-706页

作者： Palash Kar Karen L Jones michael Horowitz Adam m.deane Discipline of Acute Care medicine Level 5Eleanor Harrald BuildingUniversity of Adelaide Intensive Care Unit Level 4Emergency Services BuildingRoyal Adelaide Hospital Centre for Research Excellence University of Adelaide Discipline of medicine Level 6Eleanor Harrald BuildingUniversity of Adelaide

Critical illness in patients with pre-existing diabetes frequently causes deterioration in glycaemic *** the prevalence of diabetes in patients admitted to hospital and intensive care units,the ideal management of hyperglycaemia in these groups is *** are data that suggest that acute hyperglycaemia in critically ill patients without diabetes is associated with increased mortality and *** insulin to keep blood glucose concentrations mmol/L is accepted as standard of care in this ***,preliminary data have recently been reported that suggest that chronic hyperglycaemia may result in conditioning,which protects these patients against damage mediated by acute ***,acute glucose-lowering to mmol/L in patients with diabetes with inadequate glycaemic control prior to their critical illness appears to have the capacity to cause *** review focuses on glycaemic control in critically ill patients with type 2 diabetes,the potential for harm from glucose-lowering and the rationale for personalised therapy.

关键词： Diabetes Critically ill Intensive care management Personalised therapy

Directly modulated quantum dot lasers on silicon with a milliampere threshold and high temperature stability

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Photonics Research 2018年第8期6卷 776-781页

作者： YATING WAN DAISUKE INOUE DAEHWAN JUNG JUSTIN C.NORmAN CHEN SHANG ARTHUR C.GOSSARD JOHN E.bowers Institute for Energy Efficiency University of California Santa Barbara Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology materials Department University of California Santa Barbara Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Santa Barbara

microring lasers feature ultralow thresholds and inherent wavelength-division multiplexing functionalities, offering an attractive approach to miniaturizing photonics in a compact area. Here, we present static and dynamic properties of microring quantum dot lasers grown directly on exact(001) GaP/Si. Effectively, a single-mode operation was observed at 1.3 μm with modes at spectrally distant locations. High temperature stability with T_0~103 K has been achieved with a low threshold of 3 mA for microrings with an outer ring radius of 15 μm and a ring waveguide width of 4 μm. Small signal modulation responses were measured for the first time for the microrings directly grown on silicon, and a 3 dB bandwidth of 6.5 GHz was achieved for a larger ring with an outer ring radius of 50 μm and a ring waveguide width of 4 μm. The directly modulated microring laser,monolithically integrated on a silicon substrate, can incur minimal real estate cost while offering full photonic functionality.

关键词：微环激光器通讯技术发展现状技术创新