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Fuzzy Difference Equations in Diagnoses of Glaucoma from Retinal Images Using Deep Learning

Computer modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第4期139卷 801-816页

作者： D.Dorathy Prema Kavitha L.Francis raj Sandeep Kautish Abdulaziz S.Almazyad Karam m.Sallam.a.i Wagdy mohamed Department of mathematics Voorhees CollegeVelloreTamil NaduIndia Chandigarh Group of Colleges JhanjeriMohaliPunjabIndia Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 51178Riyadh11543Saudi Arabia Faculty of Science and Technology School of IT and SystemsUniversity of CanberraCanberraAustralia Operations Research Department Faculty of Graduate Studies for Statistical ResearchCairo UniversityGiza12613Egypt Applied Science Research Center Applied Science Private UniversityAmman11937Jordan

The intuitive fuzzy set has found important application in decision-making and machine *** enrich and utilize the intuitive fuzzy set,this study designed and developed a deep neural network-based glaucoma eye detection using fuzzy difference equations in the domain where the retinal images *** image detections are categorized as normal eye recognition,suspected glaucomatous eye recognition,and glaucomatous eye *** degrees associated with weighted values are calculated to determine the level of concentration between the fuzzy partition and the retinal *** proposed model was used to diagnose glaucoma using retinal images and involved utilizing the Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)and deep learning to identify the fuzzy weighted regularization between *** methodology was used to clarify the input images and make them.a.equate for the process of glaucoma *** objective of this study was to propose a novel approach to the early diagnosis of glaucoma using the Fuzzy Expert System(FES)and Fuzzy differential equation(FDE).The intensities of the different regions in the images and their respective peak levels were *** the peak regions were identified,the recurrence relationships among those peaks were then *** partitioning was done due to varying degrees of similar and dissimilar concentrations in the *** and dissimilar concentration levels and spatial frequency generated a threshold image from the combined fuzzy matrix and *** distinguished between a normal and abnormal eye condition,thus detecting patients with glaucomatous eyes.

关键词： Convolutional Neural Network(CNN) glaucomatous eyes fuzzy difference equation intuitive fuzzy sets image segmentation retinal images

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A Case of Esophageal Perforation Presenting as Cavitary Pneumonia: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第7期14卷 241-247页

作者： Feruza Abraam.a. Harpreet Singh Vishal raj Inder m. Singh Internal medicine Department Sutter Roseville Medical Center Roseville CA USA Pulmonary medicine Associates Sutter Roseville Medical Center Roseville CA USA Gastroenterology Department Sutter Roseville Medical Center Roseville CA USA

Esophageal perforation, a rare condition, can arise from iatrogenic, traumatic, or spontaneous origins. Even when therapy is initiated within the first 24 hours, it is associated with a mortality rate of up to 25%. Due to the varied initial presentation, treatment may be delayed, leading to poorer outcomes. Here, we present a unique case of a 27-year-old schizophrenic patient who initially presented with acute respiratory failure and septic shock and was ultimately diagnosed with cavitary pneumonia secondary to esophageal perforation.

关键词： Esophageal Perforation Foreign Body Esophageal Stent Cavitary Pneumonia Septic Shock Respiratory Failure

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Com.a.ative study of mechanical, corrosion and erosion-corrosion properties of cast hyper-duplex and super-duplex stainless steels

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International Journal of minerals,metallurgy and materials 2020年第7期27卷 954-961页

作者： P.Nithin raj P.K.Navaneethkrishnan K.Sekar m.a.Joseph Department of mechanical Engineering National Institute of TechnologyCalicutIndia

Duplex stainless steels(DSSs)used in subsea structures and desalination industries require high corrosion and erosion resistance as well as excellent mechanical *** newly introduced cast duplex grade ASTm.a.907 A has a unique composition and is expected to have a much better resistance to corrosion and erosion com.a.ed with the super-duplex grades 5 A and 6 *** work is a com.a.ative study of the mechanical properties,corrosion,and erosion-corrosion resistance of super-duplex grades 5 A and 6 A and the hyper-duplex grade 7 *** three DSSs exhibited equiaxial austenite islands in the ferrite matrix and balanced phase *** hardness of the grade 7 A was nearly 15%higher than those of the super-duplex grades,which is attributed to the effect of the higher contents of W and mn in 7 *** im.a.t toughness of grade 7 A was found to be lower than those of the super-duplex grades due to the carbide precipitation resulting from the partial substitution of mo with *** oxide layer strengthening effect of rare earth elements and the higher pitting resistance equivalent number(PREN)of grade7 A resulted in higher corrosion *** harder and more passive grade 7 A showed a 35%lower material loss during erosion-corrosion.

关键词： hyper-duplex stainless steels erosion−corrosion electrochemical corrosion marine environment super-duplex stainless steels

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Formation and Surface Structural Features of Crystalline Ceramic Nanocomposite Coatings on Aluminium Using Lithium Sulphate with Silicate Additive

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Acta metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2014年第2期27卷 185-197页

作者： m.mubarak Ali V.raj Department of Chemistry Chikkaiah Naicker College Advanced materials Research Laboratory Department of ChemistryPeriyar University

We have synthesized a series of the ceramic coatings by anodization of aluminium using lithium sulphate and sodium silicate additive. Our experiments show that the present coatings are nanocomposites in nature, consisting of a mixture of nanocrystalline alumina, silica, aluminium silicate and mullite; the formation of alumina was similar to conventional anodizing technology, while the formation of mullite was attributed to an addition of sodium silicate. The microhardness of the coatings progressively increased with the increasing current density up to 0.2 A/cm2, which could mainly be attributed to the decrease of porosity in the interfacial region of the oxides up to the range. From the performance of the coatings against corrosion （Tafel/Nyquist plots）, it was inferred that the coatings fabricated by lithium sulphatesodium silicate bath have enhanced corrosion resistance （Rp = 3.12 kΩ）, as well as better microhardness value than that of the lithium sulphate bath alone （Rp = 660.96 Ω） which confirm the perception that the silica particles included in the anodized alumina matrices randomly. Presence of Al, Si and O indicated that the electrolyte components had been intensively incorporated into the coatings.

关键词： Anodization Nanocomposite Ceramic Lithium sulphate

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Formation and Characterization of Ceramic Nanocomposite Crystalline Coatings on Aluminium by Anodization

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Journal of materials Science & Technology 2013年第7期29卷 595-602页

作者： m.mubarak Ali V.raj School of Chemical Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsanGyeongbuk 712-749South Korea Advanced materials Research Laboratory Department of ChemistryPeriyar UniversitySalem 636 011Tamil NaduIndia

Ceramic nanocomposite coatings have been synthesized on aluminium by using lithium sulphate electrolyte with zirconium silicate additive by anodization. The effects of current density （CD） on microhardness, structure, composition and surface topography of the oxide layer formed at various CDs （0.1-0.25 A/cm^2） have been studied. Crystalline coatings formed at 0.25 A/cm^2 have been （width 95 nm） observed with a relatively uniform distribution confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, the average microhardness value of ceramic nanocomposite coatings fabricated from lithium sulphate-zirconium silicate bath is approximately 8.5 times higher than that of the as-received aluminium. The surface statistics of the coatings is discussed in detail to explain the roughness and related parameters for better understanding. These observations demonstrate the importance of surface statistics in controlling the morphology of the coatings and its properties. From the X-ray diffraction investigations, it can be concluded that the formed nanocomposite coatings are crystalline in nature and that the crystallinity of the coatings decreases with increasing applied current density.

关键词： Anodization Nanocomposite Coatings Alumina Aluminium

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Junction Point Elimination based Tamil Handwritten Character Recognition:An Experimental Analysis

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2020年第1期29卷 100-123页

作者： m.a.tony Robert raj S.Abirami Department of Information Science and Technology Anna UniversityChennai 600025

Optical Character Recognition is the mechanical or electronic conversion of images of typed,handwritten or printed text into machine-encoded text for online reading and *** this OCR technique,Tamil handwritten character recognition is one of the most needed and challengeable subjects of *** encounter between selection and extraction of proper features eliminates the issues faced by the Tamil handwritten *** character and the writers complexities are the major difficulties and challenges faced by this recognition ***,the character complexity can be overcome by any pre-extraction or selection process,wherein,structured or statistical pre-extraction algorithm can be designed,discovering the essential features,in the case of writer *** challenges of Tamil handwritten characters are structure over looping;unnecessary character portion;structure discontinuations and so *** character portions in this research are chosen by implementing a new algorithm called the Junction Point Elimination(JPE)after conscientious analysis done on the existing algorithms like Zoning,Zoning and Junction Point(ZJP)and the Junction Point (JP) based feature pre-extraction *** novelty behind this work is introducing an algorithm in order to truncate the problem in the existing feature selection and preextraction *** feature extraction and classification algorithm.a.e chosen and applied on the features extracted by JPE to test whether the same can be reached in successful *** final analysis and experiments shows that the JPE is better than the others.

关键词： Junction point elimination chain code zoning prism tree quad tree support vector machine

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Hidden periodicity in Stripe 82 with Saraswati supercluster—a fractal analysis

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2021年第1期73卷 71-77页

作者： Vimal raj m S Swapna S Sankararaman Department of Optoelectronics University of KeralaTrivandrumKerala695581-India

The manuscript attempts to explore the periodicity in the distribution of galaxies in the recently reported Saraswati supercluster and the Stripe 82 region containing it as an *** report of 120 mpc periodicity in the Abell galaxy clusters by power spectrum.a.alysis is the motivation behind the *** power spectral analysis across the central part of the Stripe 82 region shows a periodic variation of 3.09°or 71 mpc in fractal dimension whereas an average angular periodicity of 3.45°or 94 mpc is observed across the Stripe 82 *** refers to the periodicity of complexity or cluster density of galaxy *** texture of the distribution pattern understood through lacunarity analysis indicates a near symmetric *** dimensions like box-counting dimension,information dimension and correlation dimension are also found through multifractal *** the information dimension tells about the distribution density of galactic points,the correlation dimension details the distribution of galaxies in the neighbourhood.

关键词： galaxy distribution fractal analysis multifractals lacunarity Saraswati supercluster Stripe 82

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Isospin dependent properties of the isotopic chains of Scandium.a.d Titanium nuclei within the relativistic m.a.-field formalism

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Chinese Physics C 2022年第8期46卷 155-169页

作者： Praveen K.Yadav raj Kumar m.Bhuyan School of Physics and materials Science Thapar Institute of Engineering and TechnologyPatiala-147004PunjabIndia Center for Theoretical and Computational Physics Department of PhysicsFaculty of ScienceUniversity of MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603Malaysia Institute of Research and Development Duy Tan UniversityDa Nang 550000Vietnam

Density-dependent nuclear symmetry energy is directly related to iso spin asymmetry for finite and infinite nuclear *** is critical to determine the coefficients of symmetry energy and their related observables because they hold great importance in different areas of nuclear physics,such as the analysis of the structure of ground state exotic nuclei and neutron star *** ground state bulk properties of Scandium(Z=21) and Titanium(Z=22) nuclei are calculated,such as their nuclear binding energy(B.E.),quadrupole deformation(β_2),two-neutron separation energy(S_(2 n)),differential variation in the two-neutron separation energy(dS_(2 n)),and root-m.a.-square charge radius(r_(ch)).The iso spin properties,namely the coefficient of nuclear symmetry energy and its components,such as the surface and volume symmetry energy of a finite isotopic chain,from the corresponding quantities of infinite nuclear matter,are also ***,we correlate the neutron-skin thickness with the coefficient of symmetry energy and the related observables corresponding to the isotopic chains of these *** coherent density fluctuation model(CDFm) is used to estimate the iso spin-dependent properties of finite nuclei,such as symmetry energy,surface symmetry energy,and volume symmetry energy,from their corresponding component in infinite nuclear *** relativistic m.a.-field(RmF) formalism with non-linear NL3 and relativistic-Hartree-Bogoliubov theory with density-dependent DD-mE2 interaction parameters are employed in the *** weight function |F(x)|^(2) is estimated using the total density of each nucleus,which in turn is used with the nuclear matter quantities to obtain the effective symmetry energy and its components in finite *** calculate the ground state bulk properties,such as nuclear binding energy,quadrupole deformation,two-neutron separation energy,differential variation in the two-neutron separation energy,and root-m.a.-square charge radius,fo

关键词： relativistic energy density functional symmetry energy weight function isospin asymmetry

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Investigation of Various Laminating materials for Interior Permanent magnet Brushless DC motor for Cooling Fan Application

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CES Transactions on Electrical machines and Systems 2023年第4期7卷 422-429页

作者： A.Infantraj m.a.gustine E.Fantin Irudaya raj m.a.padurai Department of Electrical&Electronics Engineering Loyola-ICAM College of Engineering&TechnologyChennaiTamil NaduIndia Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dr.Sivanthi Aditanar College of EngineeringTiruchendurTamil NaduIndia Department of mechanical Engineering Nehru College of Engineering and Research CentreThrissurKeralaIndia

Permanent magnet brushless DC motors are used for various low-power applications,namely domestic fans,washing machines,mixer grinders and cooling fan *** paper focuses on selecting the best laminating material for the interior permanent magnet brushless DC(IPm BLDC)motor used in the cooling fan of *** laminating materials,namely m19-29GA,m800-65A and m43,are tested using finite element *** machine's vital performance metrics,namely the stator current,torque ripple,and hysteresis loss were analyzed in selecting the laminating *** designed motor is also modelled as a mathematical model from the computed lumped *** performance of the machines was validated through electromagnetic and thermal analysis.

关键词： Finite Element Analysis IPm BLDC Laminating material m19-29GA m800-65A m43

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Tribological and vibrational characteristics of AISI 316L tested at elevated temperature and 600 Torr vacuum

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2019年第1期15卷 58-64页

作者： K.Arul raj m.P.Arunkumar P.K.C.Kanigalpula m.Karthikeyan Department of mechanical Engineering Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Department of mechanical Engineering RajaRajeswari College of Engineering

Friction and wear studies enable the investigation of material interaction between two sliding surfaces in contact. In the present investigation, the coefficient of friction and the wear resistance of AISI 316 L parts were studied under self-mating, dry sliding conditions using a pin-on-disc type configuration. The experiments were conducted at vacuum based high temperature pin-on-disc tribometer. The 4 mm diameter pin and 180 mm diameter disc were subjected to varying sliding velocities(0.5, 0.75 and 1.5 m/s) and were operated in 200, 400, 500 and 580 ℃ temperature at 600 Torr vacuum. The variation of specific wear rates with sliding velocities and different environmental conditions was studied. The morphology of sliding/rubbed surfaces was observed using Scanning Electron microscope. In sum.a.y, it was found that a severe to mild wear transition occurred in sliding under operating conditions. Increased wear rates have been observed for 500 and 580 ℃ with increasing sliding velocity. Adhesive wear has been found to be predominant at 500 and 580 ℃ where as de-lamination has been observed at ambient temperature,200 and 400 ℃ in vacuum. The present paper also carried out the numerical analysis of the vibration behavior of AISI 316 L under thermal environment. Results revealed that at high temperature vibrational amplitude and natural frequency is significantly reduced. This can be attributed to the reduction in stiffness of the material at elevated temperatures. This high amplitude vibration during service can lead to high wear rate.

关键词： Pin-on-disc Sliding wear Vacuum De-lamination Scanning electron microscope Vibration

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