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Group planting of cherry (Prunus avium L.) fosters growth and tree quality is superior to conventional row planting in Germany

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Journal of Forestry research 2018年第4期29卷 1088-1099页

作者： Somidh saha Institute for Technology Assessment and Systems Analysis (ITAS) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlstr. 11 76133 Karlsruhe Germany Institute of Forest Sciences University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany

Wild cherry trees produce high-quality timber and provide multiple ecosystem services. However, planting and tending cherry stands in conventional rows are too costly. Therefore, low density group planting was trialled as an alternative to row planting. The mortality, growth, and quality of planted cherry trees were com.a.ed between the group and row planting. The influence of neighbourhood competition and light availability on growth and quality was studied. The group and row planting of cherry trees were established at a wind-thrown site in southwestern Germany in the year 2000. In group planting, five cherry seedlings and seven lime seedlings （Tilia cordata mill.） were planted with a 1 x 1 m spacing. In total, 60 groups were planted per hectare with a 13 × 13 m spacing. In contrast, 3300 seedlings （2475 cherries and 825 limes） were planted per hectare in row planting with a 3 × 1 m spacing. Ten groups and plots （10 × 10 m） were randomly established in group and row planting stand, respectively. The survival rate, stability （height to diameter ratio）, diameter, and height growth were significantly higher in group planting. In the group plantings,40.5% of cherry trees had straight stems and 13.5% had a monopodial crown com.a.ed with 15% with straight stems and 2% with a monopodial crown in row planting. The proportion of dominant cherry trees in canopy was 49% in groups com.a.ed with 22% in rows. The length of branch free bole was significantly higher in cherries planted in groups than those grown in rows. Intra- and interspecific competition reduced the growth and stability of cherry trees in row planting, but not in group planting. Light availability did not cause any significant effects on growth and quality between group and row planting. This first study on cherry group planting indicates that the survival rate, growth, and tree quality were higher in groups than in rows at this early development stage. The competition by naturally born seedlings was an import

关键词： Group planting Tree growth Tree quality Interspecific competition Intraspecific competition Photosynthetically active photon flux density Total sitefactor

Oilfield geothermal resources of the Upper Assam Petroliferous Basin,NE India

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Energy Geoscience 2021年第4期2卷 246-253页

作者： dilip majum.a. Abhilekha Devi Department of Applied Geology Dibrugarh UniversityAssam786004India

Extracting geothermal energy from the oil-producing fields is an experimental venture *** exploitation and utilization of geothermal energy can partly reduce the larger dependence on conventional non-renewable energy sources like oil,gas,coal,and other fossil fuels,and has a bright *** Upper Assam Basin is a mature petroliferous basin of NE India,where there are several hundred low production,high water cut,or abandoned oil and gas wells that can be retrofitted as geothermal wells instead of drilling new *** will help bridge the gap of growing energy demand and limited supply in energy-deficient state like *** away from the active plate boundaries and in lack of active volcanism,the Upper Assam Basin remains a low-to-medium enthalpy geothermal fluid *** deeper reservoir in this regard can,therefore,be the best candidate for the introspection of the potential geothermal energy reservoir *** selection of a deeper horizon considered in the present case has been the stratified reservoirs of the Lakadong-Therria(Lk-Th)Formation,Sylhet Group of the Lower Eocene age occurring at a variable depth of 3400 me 4600 *** Lk-Th Formation possesses a fair-quality reservoir with lateral continuity and favourable petrophysical *** this study,representative gam.a.ray(Gr)and resistivity(r)logs were examined to work out lithology,and bed boundary demarcation,*** total Formation thickness varies from 97 to 157 m;the individual sand body thickness is up to 6 *** reservoir parameters,e.g.,porosity(φ=8-33%),water saturation(S_(w)=4.57-95.15%),geothermal gradient(2.71℃/100m to 3.92 C/100 m.a. 4300 m.a.d 3608 m)respectively,and theoretical estimate of high heat flux in the range 70e100 mW/m^(2)/s,are the necessary yard-stick to m.a.ure the subsurface geothermal *** energy extraction will have the potential in facilitating energy utilization for industrial purposes,especially in tea processing units pr

关键词： Upper Assam Petroliferous Basin Geothermal energy Water cut Abandoned oil/gas well Geothermal gradient

Large soft-sediment deformation structures(SSDS) in the Perm.a. Barren m.a.ures Formation, Pranhita-Godavari Valley, India:potential link to syn-rift palaeoearthquake events

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2020年第2期9卷 198-215页

作者： Biplab Bhattacharya Abhirup saha Department of Earth Sciences Indian Institute of TechnologyRoorkee 247667India

records of palaeoearthquakes in sedimentary rocks are often debated due to the potential confusion in distinguishing seismic versus aseismic trigger mechanisms causing *** present paper documents some unique soft-sediment deformation structures(SSDS),characterized by their extremely large size,complex morphology and preservation in coarse-grained pebbly *** SSDS are present in the Perm.a. Barren m.a.ures Formation,a syn-rift depositional unit within the Lower Gondwana succession in the Pranhita-Godavari Valley,eastern Peninsular ***^210 m thick succession is represented by stacked fining-up retrogradational cycles,characterized by coarse-grained trough cross-stratified pebbly sandstones near the base and fine-grained heterolithic sandstones–mudstones at the *** cycle signifies a change from fluvial-to tidal-influenced depositional ***-grained pebbly sandstone beds near the base of each cycle record most SSDS,including complexly deformed layers,pseudonodules,load and flame structures,various water-escape structures like vertical/inclined sediment columns(sedimentary dykes)and contorted beds,and syn-sedimentary *** deformed beds are underlain and overlain by the undeformed *** deformed SSDS are often sharply truncated at the top by undeformed beds manifesting syn-sedimentary character,which signifies that deformation took place just after deposition of the affected beds,but before deposition of the overlying beds while sedimentation was *** analysis reveals the absence of processes like storms/pounding waves,slumps,rapid dumping(massive beds),im.a.t shaking,volcanisms,tsunami waves or sediment gravity flows in the study area,thus negating their possibility as triggering agents for the *** complex nature and large size of the deformation structures imply extensive liquefaction near the sediment–water *** addition,the deformed beds comply with most of the criteria of typic

关键词： Large SSDS Seismites Fluvial-tidal Syn-rift Gondwana Perm.a.

Liquid vaporization under thermodynamic phase non-equilibrium condition at the gas-liquid interface

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2020年第12期63卷 2649-2656页

作者： WANG XingJian LAFON Patrick SUNDArAm dilip YANG Vigor Department of mechanical and Civil Engineering Florida Institute of TechnologyMelbourneFlorida 32901USA Department of mechanical and Nuclear Engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA School of Aerospace Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA

Liquid vaporization under thermodynamic phase non-equilibrium condition at the gas-liquid interface is investigated over a wide range of fluid state typical of many liquid-fueled energy conversion systems. The validity of the phase-equilibrium.a.sumption commonly used in the existing study of liquid vaporization is examined using molecular dynamics theories. The interfacial mass flow rates on both sides of the liquid surface are com.a.ed to the net vaporization rate through an order-of-magnitude *** indicated that the phase-equilibrium.a.sumption holds valid at relatively high pressures and low temperatures,and for droplets with relatively large initial diameters(for example,larger than 10 μm for vaporizing oxygen droplets in gaseous hydrogen in the pressure range from 10 atm to the oxygen critical state). Droplet vaporization under superheated conditions is also explored using classical binary homogeneous nucleation theory,in conjunction with a real-fluid equation of state. It is found that the bubble nucleation rate is very sensitive to changes in saturation ratio and pressure;it increases by several orders of magnitude when either the saturation ratio or the pressure is slightly increased. The kinetic limit of saturation ratio decreases with increasing pressure,leading to reduced difference between saturation and superheat conditions. As a result,the influence of nonequilibrium conditions on droplet vaporization is lower at a higher pressure.

关键词： liquid vaporization droplet vaporization superheated vaporization thermodynamic phase equilibrium thermodynamic phase non-equilibrium vapor nucleation

Nitrogen Plasma Treatment Effect on Graphene Sheeted Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanofibers

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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2013年第9期7卷 842-846页

作者： dilip Chandra Ghimire m. matsushima m. Umeno ~Department of Electronics and Information Engineering Chubu University Kasugai 487-8501 Japan Japanese Science and Technology Agency Chubu University Kasugai 487-8501 Japan

Nitrogen plasma treatment effect on GS-CNFs （graphene seeted vertically aligned carbon nanofibers） has been studied. GS-CNFs were grown on nickel coated cupper substrates by DC-plasma CVD （chemical vapor deposition） at relatively low temperature. GS-CNFs were studied by SEm （scanning electron microscopy）, Hr-TEm （high-resolution transmission electron microscopy）, XPS and raman m.a.urements. GS-CNFs are composed of cylindrical shaped having pure graphite sheets with about 5 μm length and nanometer size tips and roots diameter. Nitrogen plasma treatment causes nitrogen chemical etching on the graphene seeted carbon nanofibers were disordered its fine shape and increase the graphetization due to nitrogen incorporation.

关键词： DC-plasma CVD graphene seeted carbon nanofibers nitrogen plasma treatment effect.

Irritable bowel syndrome: Pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and evidence-based medicine

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第22期20卷 6759-6773页

作者： Lekha saha Department of Pharmacology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh 160012India

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic and debilitating functional gastrointestinal disorder that affects 9%-23% of the population across the world. The percentage of patients seeking health care related to IBS approaches 12% in primary care practices and is by far the largest subgroup seen in gastroenterology clinics. It has been well documented that these patients exhibit a poorer quality of life and utilize the health care system to a greater degree than patients without this diagnosis. The pathophysiology of IBS is not clear. many theories have been put forward, but the exact cause of IBS is still uncertain. According to the updated rOmE III criteria, IBS is a clinical diagnosis and presents as one of the three predominant subtypes: (1) IBS with constipation (IBS-C); (2) IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D); and (3) mixed IBS (IBS-m); former rOmE definitions refer to IBS-m.a. alternating IBS (IBS-A). Across the IBS subtypes, the presentation of symptoms may vary among patients and change over time. Patients report the most distressing symptoms to be abdominal pain, straining, m.a.gias, urgency, bloating and feelings of serious illness. The complexity and diversity of IBS presentation makes treatment difficult. Although there are reviews and guidelines for treating IBS, they focus on the efficacy of medications for IBS symptoms using high-priority endpoints, leaving those of lower priority largely unreported. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive evidence-based review of the diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment to guide clinicians diagnosing and treating their patients.

关键词： Irritable bowel syndrome Pathogenesis Diagnosis Treatment Evidence-based medicine

Effect of Sintering Temperature on Structural and magnetic Properties of Ni0.55Zn0.45Fe2O4Ferrites

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materials Sciences and Applications 2012年第5期3卷 326-331页

作者： robiul Islam md Obaidur rahman m. Abdul hak.m.dilip k.m.r saha Saiduzzaman Saiduzzaman Saroaut Noor md Al-mamun Department of Physics Khulna University of Engineering & Technology Khulna Bangladesh materials Science Division Atomic Energy Centre Dhaka Bangladesh The Department of Physics Jahangirnagar University Dhaka Bangladesh

The effect of frequency and sintering temperature on initial perm.a.ility of Ni0.55Zn0.45Fe2O4 ferrites have been studied by using an impedance analyzer. The samples were prepared by conventional double sintering ceramic technique using oxide nanoparticles of grain size 30 - 50 nm. Single phase spinal structure has been confirmed for the prepared samples by X-ray diffraction. As the sintering temperatures increase from 1160℃ to 1300℃, the perm.a.ility gradually increases. The increase of perm.a.ility is ascribed to the increase of density and grain size. Grain size is expected to grow with the increase of sintering temperature. Ferrites with large average grain size posses higher initial perm.a.ility. The Curie temperatures determined from temperature dependence of perm.a.ility of the samples sintered at different temperatures are found to be Tc = (321 ± 1)℃ and independent of sintering temperature. At Ts = 1300℃, Tc is found to increase substantially which can be explained by the fact that Zn has evaporated from the surface layer.

关键词： Nanoparticle Sintering Temperature Curie Temperature microstructure Grain Size

Hydrogen Adsorption on metal-Organic Framework mOF-177

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2010年第4期15卷 363-376页

作者： Dipendu saha Chemical Engineering Department New Mexico State University

This review sum.a.izes the recent literature on the synthesis, characterization, and adsorption properties of m.a.-organic framework mOF-177. mOF-177 is a porous crystalline material that consists of Zn40 tetrahedrons connected with benzene tribenzoate （BTB） ligands, It is an ideal adsorbent with an ex- ceptionally high specific surface area （BET〉4500 m^2/g）, a uniform micropore size dJstrJbutJon with a median pore diameter of 12.7 A, a large pore volume （2.65 cm^3/g）, and very promising adsorption properties for hy- drogen storage and other gas separation and purification applications. A hydrogen adsorption amount of 19.6 wt.% on mOF-177 at 77 k and 100 bar was observed, and a CO2 uptake of 35 mmol/g on mOF-177 was m.a.ured at 45 bar and an ambient temperature. Other hydrogen properties （kinetics and heat of ad- sorption） along with adsorption of other gases including CO2, CO, CH4, and N2Oon mOF-177 were also be discussed. It was observed in experiments that mOF-177 adsorbent tends to degrade or decompose when it is exposed to moisture. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the structure of mOF-177 remains intact at temperatures below 330℃ under a flow of oxygen, but decomposes to zinc oxide at 420℃.

关键词： metal-organic framework mOF-177 adsorption hydrogen storage

An Optimized Fuzzy Based Ant Colony Algorithm for 5G-mANET

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Computers, materials & Continua 2022年第1期70卷 1069-1087页

作者： r.Nithya k.Amudha A.Syed musthafa dilip k.m.r Sharma Edwin Hernan ramirez-Asis Priya Velayutham V.Subramaniyaswamy Sudhakar Sengan Department of Computer Science and Engineering Vivekananda College of Engineering for WomenTiruchengode637205Tamil NaduIndia Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Kongunadu College of Engineering and TechnologyThottiam621215Tamil NaduIndia Department of Information Technology M.Kumarasamy College of EngineeringKarur639113Tamil NaduIndia Department of mathematics Jaypee University of Engineering and TechnologyGuna473226M.P.India Business and Tourism Faculty Universidad Nacional Santiago Antunez De MayoloHuarazPeru Department of Computer Science and Engineering Paavai Engineering CollegeNamakkal637018Tamil NaduIndia School of Computing SASTRA Deemed UniversityThanjavur613401Tamil NaduIndia Department of Computer Science and Engineering PSN College of Engineering and TechnologyTirunelveli627152Tamil NaduIndia

The 5G demonstrations in a business has a significant role in today’s fast-moving *** in 5G,drives a wireless system intended at an enormously high data rate,lower energy,low latency,and *** this reason,routing protocols of mANET have the possibility of being fundamentally flexible,high performance,and *** 5G communication aims to afford higher data rates and significantly low Over-The-Air *** through supplementary ACO routing processes,a security-aware,fuzzy improved ant colony routing optimization protocol is proposed in *** goal is to develop amANET routing protocol that could provide a stable packet transmission ratio,less overhead connectivity,and low end-to-end latency in shared standard scenarios and attack *** demonstrates effective results with hybrid architecture and proved to be effective than other state-of-the-art routing protocols of mANETs,like AODV,its routing organization implemented through Optimized Fuzzy based ACO Algorithm for ***-wavelengths are required to perform.a.significant role in *** research proposed to test the efficiency of mANET consisting of only mm.a.e User *** reduced packet transmission loss of UEs withmm.a.e,m.a.ing well-transmitted SNr leads directly to a better packet delivery *** verify results,simulation using the NS-3 simulator mm.a.e module is used.

关键词： 5G attacks D2D communications mANET mm.a.e security