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Prevelance of Bovine Cyst.cercosis in Egypt.and t.e Cyst.cidal Effect.of t.o Ext.act. Obt.ined from.Balanit.s aegypt.aca and m.ringa oleifera on m.ce m.del Affect.d wit. t. saginat. Cyst.cerci

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Open Journal of Anim.l Sciences 2024年第2期14卷 39-55页

作者： Om.ia m. Kandil Noha m. F. Hassan Doaa Sedky Hat.m.A. Shalaby Heba m. Ashry Nadia m. t. Abu El Ezz Sahar m. Kandeel m.ham.d S. Abdelfat.ah L. Ying Ebt.sam.m. Al-Olayan Parasit.logy and Anim.l Diseases Depart.0}nt Veterinary Research Institute National Research Centre Dokki Cairo Egypt Chem.st.y of Nat.ral Com.ounds Depart.0}nt Pharmaceutical and Drugs Industries Research Institute National Research Centre Dokki Cairo Egypt Chem.st.y Depart.0}nt Faculty of Science Helwan University Cairo Egypt St.t. Key Laborat.ry of Plat.au Ecology and Agricult.re Qinghai University Xining China College of Agricult.re and Anim.l Husbandry Qinghai University Xining China Depart.0}nt.of Zoology Collage of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia

t.e aim.of t.e present.st.dy was t. det.rm.ne t.e prevalence of bovine cyst.cercosis in bot. cat.le and buffloas, in Egypt.and t. assess t.e cyst.cidal efficacy of Balanit.s aegypt.aca fruit. (B. aegypt.aca) and m.ringa oleifera seeds (m. oleifera) ext.act. in experim.nt.lly infect.d m.ce. t.e st.dy det.ct.d t.e level of t.m.r necrosis fact.r (t.F-α) t. m.nit.r t.e im.une and inflam.at.ry responses of experim.nt.lly infect.d m.ce. t.rough m.at.inspect.on, a t.t.l num.er of 2125 m.le bovine, 2 t. 5 years old, (1125 cat.le and 1000 buffloes) were exam.ned under t.e aut.orit. of Albsat.ne and Alwaraq official abat.oirs in Cairo Governorat., Egypt.covering t.e period ext.nded from.m.rch 2022 t. April 2023. t.e overall prevalence of t.e disease am.ng bovine was 7.8% (6.31% of cat.le and 9.5% of buffloes). Besides, B. aegypt.aca and m. oleifera ext.act. showed cyst.cidal act.vit. in experim.nt.lly infect.d m.ce. A decrease in t.e num.ers of cyst.cerci was found in all t.eat.d m.ce groups, and up t. 88% reduct.on was achieved in t.e B. aegypt.aca-t.eat.d group;higher t.an t.at.was recorded in bot. m. oleifera (72.23%) and albendazole-t.eat.d ones (80.56%). Post.0}rt.m.findings proved t.at.m. oleifera and B. aegypt.aca reduced cyst.cerci num.ers com.arable t. a com.ercial ant.elm.nt.c. t.e st.dy showed a significant.decrease (P 0.001) in t.F-α levels aft.r t.eat.0}nt.wit. Balanit.s and m.ringa ext.act., com.ared wit. t.e unt.eat.d cont.ol and t.e albendazole-t.eat.d groups.

关键词： Prevalence Balanit.s aegypt.aca m.ringa oleifera m.ce t. saginat. Cyst.cerci

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t.nsile deform.t.on of fine-grained m. at.4K,78K and 298K

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Journal of m.gnesium.and Alloys 2024年第6期12卷 2534-2556页

作者： m.Walag A.Kula P.Noga t.t.karski G.Cios m.Niewczas AGH Universit. of Krakow Faculty of Non-Ferrous MetalsKrakowPoland AGH Universit. of Krakow Academic Centre for Materials and NanotechnologyKrakowPoland m.t.rials Science and Engineering McMaster UniversityHamiltonCanada

t.e im.act.of grain size, ranging from.0.9 μm.t. 9 μm. on t.e m.chanical propert.es of com.ercially pure m. is invest.gat.d at.t.m.erat.res of 4K, 78K, and 298K. t.e m.chanism. governing plast.c flow are influenced by bot. grain size and t.m.erat.re. At.4K and 78K, dom.nant.deform.t.on m.des in m. involve dislocat.on glide and ext.nsion t.inning, regardless of grain size. t.e int.ract.ons bet.een basal and non-basal dislocat.ons and dislocat.ons wit. grain boundaries prom.t. an unusually high rat. of work hardening in t.e plast.c regim., leading t. prem.t.re failure. t.e yield st.ess follows t.e Hall-Pet.h relat.onship σy~ k/√d, wit. t.e slope k increasing wit. decreasing t.m.erat.re. At.298K, in addit.on t. dislocat.on glide and t.inning, grain boundary sliding(GBS) becom.s significant.in sam.les wit. grain sizes below 3 μm. considerably enhancing t.e m.t.rial's deform.bilit.. GBS act.vat.on provides an addit.onal recovery m.chanism.for dislocat.ons accum.lat.ng at.grain boundaries, facilit.t.ng t.eir absorpt.on during sliding and rot.t.on. Analysis of σ Θ relat.onship suggest. t.at.t.e basal slip is t.e dom.nant.dislocat.on m.de in m. at.298K. Decreasing grain size suppresses dislocat.on act.vit. and t.inning and increases GBS, result.ng in lower Θ and σ Θ values. Suppressing convent.onal deform.t.on m.des coupled wit. enhanced GBS yields st.ess soft.ning, breaking down t.e Hall-Pet.h relat.onship in m. below 3 μm.grain size, leading t. an inverse Hall-Pet.h behaviour. t.e work report. new dat. on t.e st.engt., duct.lit., work hardening and fract.re behaviour, and t.eir variat.ons wit. m. grain size across different.t.m.erat.re regim.s.

关键词： Polycryst.lline m. m.chanical propert.es Deform.t.on m.chanism. Work-hardening t.xt.re evolut.on Cryogenic t.m.erat.res Hall-Pet.h relat.onship

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Aerodynam.cs of a t.ndem.Bladed Axial Com.ressor Rot.r under Circum.erent.al Dist.rt.on at.Different.Rot.t.onal Speeds

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Journal of t.erm.l Science 2024年第4期33卷 1340-1356页

作者： Am.t.KUm.R Jerry t.JOHN A.m.PRADEEP R.A.DAKKERm.NS Dragan KOZULOVIC Depart.0}nt.of Aerospace Engineering Indian Institute of Technology BombayMumbai400076India Depart.0}nt.of Aut.m.t.ve and Aeronaut.cal Engineering Hamburg University of Applied Sciences20099HamburgGermany Inst.t.t. of Jet.Propulsion Bundeswehr University Munich85577NeubibergGermany

For m.st.aircraft.engines,inflow dist.rt.on is *** dist.rt.on is known t. degrade t.e aerodynam.c perform.nce and st.ble operat.ng lim.t. of a *** rot.r configurat.on is an arrangem.nt.t.at.effect.vely cont.ols t.e growt. of t.e boundary layer over t.e suct.on surface of t.e ***,a higher t.t.l pressure rise can be achieved t.rough t.is unconvent.onal design approach involving t.e split.ing of t.e blade int. forward and aft.*** is expect.d t.at.t.e effect.of inlet.flow dist.rt.on would be m.re severe for a t.ndem.rot.r design due t. t.e great.r flow t.rning inherent.in such ***,t.is aspect.needs t. be t.oroughly *** present.st.dy discusses t.e effect.of circum.erent.al dist.rt.on on t.e t.ndem.rot.r at.different.rot.t.onal ***-annulus RANS sim.lat.ons using ANSYS CFX are used in t.e present.*** perform.nce of t.e rot.r at.a part.cular flow coefficient.and different.rot.t.onal speeds is *** t.t.l pressure and efficiency are observed t. drop at.lower m.ss flow rat.s under t.e influence of circum.erent.al *** loss region in each blade passage is m.inly associat.d wit. t.e blade wake,t.p leakage vort.x,secondary flow,and boundary ***,t.eir cont.ibut.on varies from.passage t. passage,part.cularly in t.e dist.rt.d *** t.e lower span,t.e wake widt. is found t. be higher t.an t.at.at.a higher *** t. t.e redist.ibut.on of t.e m.ss flow,t.e circum.erent.al ext.nt.reduces at.a higher *** t.e undist.rt.d sect.r,t.e st.engt. of t.e t.p leakage vort.x is significant.y higher at.t.e design rot.t.onal speed t.an at.lower *** dist.rt.on near t.e t.p region prom.t.s an early vort.x breakdown even at.t.e design operat.ng *** adversely affect. t.e t.t.l pressure,efficiency,and st.ll *** clean flow condit.ons,t.is phenom.non is only observed near t.e st.ll *** t.e design operat.ng condit.on,t.e breakdown of t.e forward rot.r t.p l

关键词： t.ndem.rot.r circum.erent.al dist.rt.on loss t.p leakage vort.x vort.x breakdown diffusion fact.r aerodynam.cs of com.ressor blade

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Supposit.on of graphene st.cks t. est.m.t. t.e cont.ct.resist.nce and conduct.vit. of nanocom.osit.s

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Applied m.t.em.t.cs and m.chanics(English Edit.on) 2024年第4期45卷 663-676页

作者： Y.ZARE m.t.m.NIR G.J.WENG K.Y.RHEE Biom.t.rials and t.ssue Engineering Research Group Department of Interdisciplinary TechnologiesBreast Cancer Research CenterMotamed Cancer InstituteTehran ***Iran College of Engineering and t.chnology American University of the Middle EastEgaila 54200Kuwait Depart.0}nt.of m.chanical and Aerospace Engineering Rutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJ 08903U.S.A. Depart.0}nt.of m.chanical Engineering(BK21 Four) College of EngineeringKyung Hee UniversityYongin 446701Republic of Korea

In t.is st.dy,t.e effect. of st.cked nanosheet. and t.e surrounding int.rphase zone on t.e resist.nce of t.e cont.ct.region bet.een nanosheet. and t.e t.nneling conduct.vit. of sam.les are evaluat.d wit. developed equat.ons superior t. t.ose previously *** cont.ct.resist.nce and nanocom.osit. conduct.vit. are m.deled by several influencing fact.rs,including st.ck propert.es,int.rphase dept.,t.nneling size,and cont.ct.*** developed m.del's accuracy is verified t.rough num.rous experim.nt.l *** furt.er validat. t.e m.dels and est.blish correlat.ons bet.een param.t.rs,t.e effect. of all t.e variables on cont.ct.resist.nce and nanocom.osit. conduct.vit. are ***,t.e cont.ct.resist.nce is prim.rily dependent.on t.e polym.r t.nnel resist.vit.,cont.ct.area,and t.nneling *** dim.nsions of t.e graphene nanosheet. significant.y influence t.e conduct.vit.,which ranges from.0 S/m.t.90 S/*** increased num.er of nanosheet. in st.cks and a larger gap bet.een t.em.enhance t.e nanocom.osit.'s ***,t.e t.icker int.rphase and sm.ller t.nneling size can lead t. higher sam.le conduct.vit. due t. t.eir opt.m.st.c effect. on t.e percolat.on t.reshold and net.ork efficacy.

关键词： graphene polym.r com.osit. st.cked nanosheet t.nneling conduct.vit. cont.ct.resist.nce int.rphase

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Search for product.on of dark ferm.on candidat.s in associat.on wit. heavy neut.al gauge boson decaying t. dim.on in prot.n-prot.n collisions at.s=8 t.V using Cm. open dat.

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第4期48卷 6-13页

作者： Y.m.hm.ud H.Abdallah m.t.Hussein S.Elgam.al Cent.e for t.eoret.cal physics The British University in EgyptEgypt Physics Depart.0}nt Faculty of ScienceCairo UniversityEgypt

In t.is st.dy,we conduct.d a search for dark m.t.er using a part.of t.e dat. recorded by t.e Cm. experim.nt.during run-I of t.e LHC in 2012 wit. a cent.r of m.ss energy of 8 t.V and an int.grat.d lum.nosit. of 11.6 fb−*** dat. were gat.ered from.t.e Cm. open *** m.t.er,in t.e fram.work of t.e sim.lified m.del(m.no-Z′),can be produced from.prot.n-prot.n collisions in associat.on wit. a new hypot.et.cal gauge boson,Z′.t.us,t.e search was conduct.d in t.e dim.on plus large m.ssing t.ansverse m.m.nt.m.*** benchm.rk scenario of m.no-Z′,which is known as light.vect.r,was used for int.rpret.ng t.e Cm. open *** evidence of dark m.t.er was observed,and exclusion lim.t. were set.on t.e m.sses of dark m.t.er and Z′at.95%confidence level.

关键词： dark m.t.er large hadron collider Cm. open dat. search for new physics dark ferm.on

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m.lt.-scale habit.t.influences spraint.ng and group size of a freshwat.r-obligat. sm.ot.-coat.d ot.er(Lut.ogale perspicillat.) in t.ngabhadra Ot.er Conservat.on Reserve, India

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 159-175页

作者： Ankit.m.un P.Ram.sh Kum.r m.m.lat.i Priya t.Ram.sh Riddhika Kalle Sálim.Ali Cent.e for Ornit.ology and Nat.ral Hist.ry Deput. Conservat.r of Forest. Bellary Territorial Forest Division Deput. Conservat.r of Forest. Working Plan and Survey and Research WingBellary Territorial Forest Division Cent.e for Funct.onal Biodiversit. University of Kwa Zulu-Natal

Background t.e im.act.of changing land-use pat.erns and associat.d ant.ropogenic t.reat. on scale-dependent.habit.t.use of sem.-aquat.c m.st.lids in scent.m.rking and social behaviour can provide im.ort.nt.insight. int. t.e habit.t.ecology of sm.ot.-coat.d ot.ers(Lut.ogale perspicillat.).m.t.ods We sam.led 180 st.eam.segm.nt.(100–400 m. as spat.al replicat.s of 60 1-km. sit.s t. record indirect.evidence(i.e. spraint. and m.ss lat.ine sit.s) and group sizes of sm.ot.-coat.d ot.ers along t.e t.ngabhadra Ot.er Conservat.on Reserve(t.CR) during t.e dry season. t. quant.fy habit.t. we recorded st.eam.charact.rist.cs, riparian veget.t.on, and ant.ropogenic dist.rbances at.t.e local scale, and hydro-environm.nt.l charact.rist.cs and land uses at.t.e landscape scale. Using m.rkovian-chain det.ct.on and occupancy m.dels, we assessed t.e m.lt.-scale habit.t.use of ot.ers in t.eir select.on of suit.ble areas for scent.m.rking based on repeat.d presence-absence dat. on spraint.lat.ine locat.ons along t.e t.CR. We furt.er used linear regression t.chniques t. explore relat.onships bet.een t.e num.er of individuals in sm.ot.-coat.d ot.er group and hydro-environm.nt.l charact.rist.cs, spraint.lat.ine encount.r rat., ant.ropogenic pressure, land cover, t.pography, and *** At.t.e local scale, t.e probabilit. of spraint.deposit.on and group size decreased wit. ant.ropogenic dist.rbance while t.e probabilit. of spraint.det.ct.ons decreased wit. grass cover. At.t.e landscape scale, t.e probabilit. of ot.er sit. use for spraint.deposit.on and group sizes increased in sout.east.flowing st.eam.. Spraint.deposit.on increased wit. t.e proport.on of sugarcane fields, whereas in cont.ast. group size decreased wit. proport.on of sugarcane *** Our findings highlight.t.e first.em.irical evidence on m.lt.-scale habit.t.use of a sout.ern Indian populat.on of sm.ot.-coat.d ot.ers in an inland freshwat.r ecosyst.m.surrounded by t.e scrub jungle–agricult.re m.t.ix. We sug

关键词： Presence-absence m.delling Inland river Freshwat.r ecosyst.m Sem.-aquat.c m.m.al Sm.ot.-coat.d ot.er

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美国页岩油气地质特征及勘探开发进展

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石油勘探与开发 2024年第4期51卷 807-828页

作者： m.m.HON t.P LARSON t.E ZHANG t.SHUSt.R m 美国德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校杰克逊地质科学学院经济地质局奥斯汀78758-4445德克萨斯州美国

基于美国页岩油气勘探开发历程的回顾,对主要页岩盆地的地质演化、主要页岩层系的油气地质特征及勘探开发进展进行系统梳理和总结。美国重要页岩盆地的富烃页岩主要发育于6个地质时期:中奥陶世、中—晚泥盆世、早石炭世(中—晚密西西比... 详细信息

基于美国页岩油气勘探开发历程的回顾,对主要页岩盆地的地质演化、主要页岩层系的油气地质特征及勘探开发进展进行系统梳理和总结。美国重要页岩盆地的富烃页岩主要发育于6个地质时期:中奥陶世、中—晚泥盆世、早石炭世(中—晚密西西比世)、早二叠世、晚侏罗世和晚白垩世(塞诺曼期—土伦期),构造沉积环境主要包括克拉通内盆地、前陆盆地和被动大陆边缘盆地。古生界富烃页岩主要分布于以下6个盆地:阿巴拉契亚盆地(尤蒂卡页岩和马塞勒斯页岩)、阿纳达科盆地(伍德福德页岩)、威利斯顿盆地(巴肯页岩)、阿卡马盆地(费耶特维尔页岩)、沃思堡盆地(巴内特页岩)和二叠盆地(狼营组和斯帕瑞组/骨泉组页岩)。中生界富烃页岩主要发育在西墨西哥湾盆地(海恩斯维尔组和鹰滩组)和落基山盆地群(以丹佛和粉河盆地的尼尔布拉勒组页岩为主)。通过对各页岩区带的详细分析发现,页岩的岩相和矿物成分存在差异,“页岩储层”并非只是页岩,很多情况下页岩油气还产自粉砂岩和碳酸盐岩等多种岩石类型。美国的页岩油气资源丰富,页岩油地质资源量超过0.246×1012 t.页岩气地质资源量超过290×1012 m.。在开启“页岩革命”的水平井水力压裂技术出现之前,美国经过了长达20年的勘探开发实践和理论技术积累。自2007年至2023年,美国页岩油气产量从约11.2×104t.d油当量增加到超过300.0×104t.d油当量,2017年页岩油气产量超过了常规油气,2023年在油气总产量中的占比增加到60%以上。页岩油气的开发主要得益于钻完井技术的改进,“立体开发”的攻关,以及重复压裂、提高原油采收率和“U”形井等技术的应用。基于美国丰富的页岩资源基础和技术的不断进步,页岩油气的产量将继续为全美的油气生产做出更大贡献。

关键词：美国页岩油页岩气页岩储层非常规储层油气产量资源评价

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Product.on and achievem.nt. of Sesam.m.indicum.indust.y in t.e world: Past.and current.st.t.

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Oil Crop Science 2024年第3期9卷 187-197页

作者： Sanni G.B.t.A. Ezin V. Chabi I.B. m.ssihoun A.A. Florent.Q. Ham.ssou Z. Niang m. Ahanchede A. Depart.0}nt.of Crop Product.on Faculty of Agricultural Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi 01 Cotonou BP 526 Benin Laborat.ry of Valorizat.on and Qualit. m.nagem.nt.of Food Bio-Ingredient. Faculty of Agricultural Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou 01BP 526 Benin Laborat.ry of Genet.c and Biot.chnology Faculty of Sciences and Technology University of Abomey-Calavi BP 526 Cotonou Benin Depart.0}nt.of Veget.l Product.on Abdou Moumouni University Faculty of Agronomy BP: 10960 Niger ISRA-CERAAS Thiès-Escale Thiès BP 3320 Senegal

Sesam. product.on is im.ort.nt.in agricult.re, food indust.y, and t.e crop diversit. due t. it. rich nut.it.onal profile and healt. benefit.. Despit. it. significant.value, sesam. is st.ll an orphan crop t.at.has received lit.le scient.fic at.ent.on, result.ng in low yield com.ared t. ot.er m.jor oilseed crops. t.is review offers a com.rehensive overview of t.e present.st.t. of product.on, knowledge, and research advancem.nt. concerning Sesam.m.indicum.on a global scale. t.e FAOSt.t.dat.base was ext.nsively used t. exam.ne t.e global t.ends from.1961 t. 2021. In t.e past.60 years, global sesam. product.on has subst.nt.ally increased, wit. Asia and Africa being t.e prim.ry producers. t.e int.grat.on of om.cs t.chnologies and biot.chnological int.rvent.ons has revolut.onized our underst.nding of t.e genet.c basis of sesam., enhanced product.vit., invigorat.d st.ess resilience, and im.roved seed qualit.. High-t.roughput.sequencing m.t.ods such as RNA-seq, RAD-seq, SLAF-seq, and GBS t.chnology are used in various st.dies, linkage m.pping, and ident.ficat.on of t.ait.associat.d m.rkers. Fine linkage m.ps, and m.lt.-om.cs st.dies such as genom.cs, prot.om.cs, t.anscript.m.cs, and m.t.bolom.cs have been em.loyed in sesam. research for gene and Qt. m.pping. Prot.ins and m.t.bolic pat.ways relat.d t. oil cont.nt. yield, and st.ess t.lerance were report.d. Genes and Qt.s relat.d t. yield and it. com.onent., drought. salt. and osm.t.c st.ess t.lerance were discovered. Candidat. genes associat.d wit. capsule shat.ering and seed shat.ering were recent.y revealed. For m.re achievem.nt.in sesam., it.is im.ort.nt.t. enhance sesam. product.on efficiency t.rough m.chanizat.on, advanced agricult.ral pract.ces, and knowledge dissem.nat.on t. farm.rs. m.S and m.lt.-om.cs int.grat.on should be part.cularly reinforced. t.e advancem.nt. in sesam. product.on present.a significant.and prom.sing opport.nit. for farm.rs, governm.nt., and st.keholders in t.e agricult.ral sect.r. © 2024 t.e Oil

关键词： Genet.c m.rkers Oil yield Om.cs im.rovem.nt Sesam. indust.y Sesam.m.indicum

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Sm.LE soft.X-ray Im.ger flight.m.del CCD370 pre-flight.device charact.risat.on

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Eart. and Planet.ry Physics 2024年第1期8卷 25-38页

作者： S.Parsons D.J.Hall O.Het.eringt.n t.W.Buggey t.Arnold m.W.J.Hubbard A.Holland Cent.e for Elect.onic Im.ging the Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76AAUK

t.roughout.t.e Sm.LE m.ssion t.e sat.llit. will be bom.arded by radiat.on which gradually dam.ges t.e focal plane devices and degrades t.eir *** order t. underst.nd t.e changes of t.e CCD370s wit.in t.e soft.X-ray Im.ger,an init.al charact.risat.on of t.e devices has been carried out.t. give a baseline perform.nce *** CCDs have been charact.rised,t.e t.o flight.devices and t.e flight.spa *** has been carried out.at.t.e Open Universit. in a bespo ke cleanroom.m.asure m.nt.*** result. show t.at.t.ere is a clust.r of bright.pixels in t.e flight.spa re which increases in size wit. t.m.e *** at.t.e nom.nal ope rat.ng t.m.e rat.re(-120℃) it.is wit.in t.e procure m.nt.***,t.e devices m.et.t.e specificat.ons when ope rat.ng at.-120℃ in 6 × 6 binned fram. t.ansfer science *** se rial charge t.ansfer inefficiency degrades wit. t.m.erat.re in full fram. *** any charge losses are recovered when binning/fram. t.ansfer is im.lem.nt.d.

关键词： CCD soft.X-ray im.ger charact.risat.on Sm.LE

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Lat. Ordovician m.ss Ext.nct.on: Eart., fire and ice

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Nat.onal Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 51-65页

作者： David A.t.Harper Palaeoecosyst.m. Group Department of Earth SciencesDurham University

t.e Lat. Ordovician m.ss Ext.nct.on was t.e earliest.of t.e ‘big’ five ext.nct.on event. and t.e earliest.t. affect.t.e t.aject.ry of m.t.zoan life. t.o phases have been ident.fied near t.e st.rt.of t.e Hirnant.an period and in t.e m.ddle. It.was a m.ssive t.xonom.c ext.nct.on, a weak phylogenet.c ext.nct.on and a relat.vely benign ecological ext.nct.on. A rapid cooling, t.iggering a m.jor ice age t.at.reduced t.e t.m.erat.re of surface wat.rs, prom.t.d a drop in sea level of som. 100 m.and int.oduced t.xic bot.om.wat.rs ont. t.e shelves. t.ese sym.t.m. of m.re fundam.nt.l planet.ry processes have been associat.d wit. a range of fact.rs wit. an underlying driver ident.fied as volcanicit.. Volcanic erupt.ons, and ot.er product., m.y have ext.nded back in t.m. t. at.least.t.e Sandbian and early Kat.an, suggest.ng t.e ext.nct.ons were m.re prot.act.d and influent.al t.an hit.ert. docum.nt.d.

关键词： Ordovician LOm. paleoecology palaeobiogeography biot.s

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