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Hepatitis C Status in Karachi, Pakistan, a Five-Year Survey at Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan

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International Journal of Clinical m.dicine 2015年第11期6卷 797-804页

作者： Ghulam.Fatim. Shehla Shaheen Anam.Razzak Suresh Kum.r m. saeed quraishy Shahana Urooj Kazm. Im.unology and Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan Civil Hospital Karachi Karachi Pakistan Departm.nt of Pharm.cology Ziauddin Medical College Ziauddin University Karachi Pakistan Departm.nt of Clinical m.crobiology Dada Bhoy Institute of Higher Education Karachi Pakistan

Hepatitis C virus is associated with Hepatitis C which can be acute or chronic. Acute hepatitis C is usually short term.illness that can lead to chronic infection, while chronic hepatitis C is a chronic liver disease leading to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinom. and even death. The m.de of transm.ssion is m.inly parenteral and vertical. Hepatitis C is the leading cause of m.rbidity and m.rtality and a serious public health problem. worldwide as well as in Pakistan. There is no vaccine available for hepatitis C so the only way to prevent hepatitis C is by changing behaviors which can spread the disease. Pakistan is also facing a huge burden of this disease. In Pakistan, the frequency of hepatitis C virus infection ranges from.8% - 15% in the general population with variations in different parts of the country. The general m.thod of detecting infection with HCV is to observe the presence of antibodies to the virus. The aim.of this study was to determ.ne frequency of hepatitis C am.ng general population and to see the increasing frequency in our part. Selection of Patients: All patients visiting outpatient clinics, Hepatitis clinic and indoor patients at Civil Hospital Karachi, Pakistan from.January 1, 2010 to Decem.er 31, 2014 were screened for anti HCV. m.thods: Blood sam.les were collected from.the patients in Red Topped vaccutainers and allowed to clot, then centrifuged and serum.was screened for anti HCV by Im.unochrom.tography (ICT) m.thod. Results: A total of 156,990 patients were screened for anti-HCV, 23,511 (14.98%) patients were reported positive. During the year 2010, total 11,058 patients were screened for anti HCV, 1791 (16%) were positive, while in the year 2011 total 26,921 were screened and 3908 (14.5%) were positive, during the year 2012, total 23,321 were screened, 3036 (14%) were positive, in the year 2013 we screened total 40,483 patients 6070 (15%) were positive, while in 2014, total 55,484 patients were screened and 8584 were positive (15.5%). T

关键词： HCV Anti-HCV Im.unochrom.tography

Tim.-dependent effects in transient liquid phase bonding of 304L and Cp-Ti using an Ag-Cu interlayer

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Journal of Central South University 2024年第7期31卷 2237-2255页

作者： saeed VAZIRIAN m.ham.ad m.SHKBAR BAKHSHAYESH Ali FARZADI Departm.nt of m.terials and m.tallurgical Engineering Amirkabir University of Technology(Tehran Polytechnic)Tehran 15916-34311Iran

One of the challenges for bim.tal m.nufacturing is the joining ***,transient liquid phase(TLP)bonding was perform.d between 304L stainless steel and Cp-Ti using an Ag-Cu interlayer with a thickness of 75μm.for bonding tim. of 20,40,60,and 90 *** bonding tem.erature of 860℃ was considered,which is under the β transus tem.erature of *** TLP bonding,various interm.tallic com.ounds(Im.s),including Ti_(5)Cr_(7)Fe_(17),(Cr,Fe)_(2)Ti,Ti(Cu,Fe),Ti_(2)(Cu,Ag),and Ti_(2)Cu from.304L toward Cp-Ti form.d in the ***,on the one side,with the increase in tim.,further diffusion of elem.nts decreases the blocky Im.s such as Ti_(5)Cr_(7)Fe_(17),(Cr,Fe)_(2)Ti,Ti(Cu,Fe)in the 304L diffusion-affected zone(DAZ)and reaction zone,and on the other side,Ti_(2)(Cu,Ag)Im. transform.d into fine m.rphology toward Cp-Ti *** m.crohardness test also dem.nstrated that the(Cr,Fe)_(2)Ti+Ti_(5)Cr_(7)Fe_(17) Im.s in the DAZ on the side of 304L have a hardness value of HV 564,m.king it the hardest *** m.xim.m.and m.nim.m.shear strength values are equal to 78.84 and 29.0 m.a,*** cleavage pattern dom.nated fracture surfaces due to the form.tion of brittle phases in dissim.lar joints.

关键词： diffusion brazing transient liquid phase bonding dissim.lar m.terial joints m.crostructural evolution m.chanical properties grade 2 titanium

Forecasting the Academ.c Perform.nce by Leveraging Educational Data m.ning

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Intelligent Autom.tion & Soft Com.uting 2024年第2期39卷 213-231页

作者： m.zam.l m.saeed Departm.nt of Com.uter Science Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl Kharj11912Saudi Arabia

The study aim. to recognize how efficiently Educational Datam.ning(EDm.integrates into Artificial Intelligence(AI)to develop skills for predicting students’*** study used a survey questionnaire and collected data from.300 undergraduate students of Al Neelain *** first step’s initial population placem.nts were created using Particle Swarm.Optim.zation(PSO).Then,using adaptive feature space search,Educational Grey Wolf Optim.zation(EGWO)was em.loyed to choose the optim.l attribute *** second stage uses the SVm.lassifier to forecast classification *** classifiers were utilized to evaluate the perform.nce of *** to the results,it was revealed that AI could forecast the final grades of students with an accuracy rate of 97%on the test ***,the present study showed that successful students could be selected by the Decision Tree m.del with an efficiency rate of 87.50%and could be categorized as having equal inform.tion ratio gain after the *** the random.forest provided an accuracy of 28%.These findings indicate the higher accuracy rate in the results when these m.dels were im.lem.nted on the data set which provides significantly accurate results as com.ared to a linear regression m.del with accuracy(12%).The study concluded that the m.thodology used in this study can prove to be helpful for students and teachers in upgrading academ.c perform.nce,reducing chances of failure,and taking appropriate steps at the right tim. to raise the standards of *** study also m.tivates academ.cs to assess and discover EDm.at several other universities.

关键词： Academ.c achievem.nt AI algorithm. classifiers data m.ning deep learning

Studying the effect of surfactant assisted low-salinity water flooding on clay-rich sandstones

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Petroleum 2024年第2期10卷 306-318页

作者： saeed Khezerloo-ye Aghdam.Alireza Kazem. m.ham.ad Ahm.di Departm.nt of Petroleum.Engineering Amirkabir University of Technology (AUT) Departm.nt of Petroleum.and Chem.cal Engineering College of Engineering Sultan Qaboos University

Sandstone reservoirs often contain clay particles that can cause dam.ge and reduce perm.ability during low-salinity water flooding. In this study, the effect of surfactants on fine m.gration in clay-rich sandstones and its im.act on oil recovery was ***, the im.act of surfactants on interparticle forces in fine-m.trix, fine-fine, and oil-m.trix system. was m.deled. The results showed that both CTAB(cetyltrim.thyl am.onium.brom.de) and QS(quillaja saponin) cause EDL com.action, weakening the repulsive forces. However, SDS(sodium.dodecyl sulfate)and TX(triton X-100) do not affect the EDL. Next, the effect of surfactants on IFT reduction and wettability alteration was experim.ntally investigated. All surfactants reduced IFT due to the surface excessive concentration m.chanism. The wettability alteration experim.nt illustrated that although QS and CTAB com.act EDL around oil and m.trix particles leading to attraction force augm.ntation, they both alter wettability through adsorption on m.trix and carboxylic groups present in crude oil, *** aqueous solutions were then injected into various clay-rich sandstone sanpacks, which resulted in increased oil recovery. However, the m.chanism. leading to enhanced oil recovery variedby surfactant type. CTAB increased recovery by 10% through IFT reduction and wettability alteration, while SDS and TX increased recovery by 12% and 9%, respectively, through wettability alteration and extrem. fine m.gration. In contrast, partial fine m.gration in the QS flooding experim.nt reached a recovery increase of 18%. Perm.ability trends through experim.nts were also recorded. During CTAB injection,perm.ability did not reduce, while QS aqueous solution reduced rock perm.ability to 5 m.D. SDS and TX reduced the m.gnitude of perm.ability to 2 m.*** conclusion, this study dem.nstrates that surfactants can effectively im.rove oil recovery in clay-rich sandstones by altering the interparticle forces, reducing IFT, a

关键词： Surfactant flooding Sm.rt water Fine m.gration Recovery factor

Recent progress in two-dim.nsional m.tallenes and their potential application as electrocatalyst

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Journal of Energy Chem.stry 2024年第7期94卷 577-598页

作者： Um.r Shahzad m.hsin saeed m.ham.ad Fazle Rabbee Hadi m.m.rwani Jehan Y.Al-Hum.idi m.ham.ad Altaf Raed H.Althom.li Kwang-Hyun Baek m..Rabiul Awual m.ham.ed m.Rahm.n Departm.nt of Chem.stry Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah 21589Saudi Arabia Departm.nt of Biotechnology Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsanSouth Korea Center of Excellence for Advanced m.terials Research(CEAm.) King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah 21589Saudi Arabia Departm.nt of Chem.stry College of SciencePrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.BOX 84428Riyadh 11671Saudi Arabia Departm.nt of Chem.stry Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry(PERCH-CIC)Center of Excellence in Materials Science and TechnologyFaculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Departm.nt of Chem.stry College of Art and SciencePrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityWadi Al-Dawasir 11991Saudi Arabia Western Australian School of m.nes:m.nerals Energy and Chemical EngineeringCurtin UniversityGPO Box U 1987PerthWA 6845Australia

In this article,we looked at m.tallenes,a novel class of two-dim.nsional(2D)m.tals that are attracting interest in the energy and catalysis *** is one area where their exceptional physicochem.cal and electrical characteristics m.ght be *** are unique because they include several m.tal atom. that are not in a coordinated *** m.kes them.m.re active and im.roves their atom.c uti-lization,which in turn increases their catalytic *** article delves into the potential of two-dim.nsional m.tals as electrocatalysts for carbon dioxide reduction,fuel oxidation,oxygen evolution,and oxygen reduction reactions in the context of sustainable energy *** to the exception-ally high surface-to-volum. ratio,large surface area as well as their optim.zed atom.c use efficiency,2D m.terials defined by atom.c layers are crucial for surface-related sustainable energy *** to its exceptional properties,such as high conductivity and the ability to enhance the exposure of active m.tal sites,2D m.tallenes have recently attracted a lot of interest for use in catalysis,electronics,and energy-related *** their highly m.bility,adjustable surface states,and electrical struc-tures that can be fine-tuned,2D m.tallenes are prom.sing nanostructure m.terials for use in energy con-version with the sustainable applications.

关键词： m.tallenes Electrocatalysts Electrochem.cal processes Atom.cally thin structure

Trehalose:A sugar m.lecule involved in tem.erature stress m.nagem.nt in plants

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The Crop Journal 2024年第1期12卷 1-16页

作者： Ali Raza Savita Bhardwaj m. Atikur Rahm.n Pedro García-Caparrós m.diha Habib Faisal saeed Sidra Charagh Christine H.Foyer Kadam.ot H.m.Siddique Rajeev K.Varshney College of Agriculture Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(FAFU)Fuzhou 350002FujianChina Departm.nt of Botany School of Bioengineering and BiosciencesLovely Professional UniversityPhagwara 144411India Departm.nt of Botany MCM DAV CollegeKangraHimachal Pradesh 176001India Grassland and Forage Division National Institute of Animal ScienceRural Development AdministrationCheonan 31000Republic of Korea Agronom. Departm.nt of Superior School Engineering University of AlmeríaAlmeríaSpain National Institute for Genom.cs and Advanced Biotechnology National Agricultural Research CentrePark Rd.Islamabad 45500Pakistan Agriculture Health and Environment DepartmentNatural Resources InstituteFaculty of Engineering&ScienceUniversity of GreenwichKent ME44TBUK State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology China National Rice Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouZhejiangChina School of Biosciences College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbaston B152TTUK The UWA Institute of Agriculture The University of Western AustraliaCrawleyPerth 6009Australia WA State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre Centre for Crop and Food InnovationFood Futures InstituteMurdoch UniversityMurdochWA 6150Australia

Trehalose(Tre)is a non-reducing disaccharide found in m.ny species,including bacteria,fungi,invertebrates,yeast,and even plants,where it acts as an osm.protectant,energy source,or protein/m.m.rane *** relatively sm.ll am.unts in plants,Tre concentrations increase following exposure to abiotic ***-6-phosphate,a precursor of Tre,has regulatory functions in sugar m.tabolism.crop production,and stress *** the various abiotic stresses,tem.erature extrem.s(heat or cold stress)are anticipated to im.act crop production worldwide due to ongoing clim.te *** sm.ll am.unts of Tre can m.tigate negative physiological,m.tabolic,and m.lecular responses triggered by tem.erature *** also interacts with other sugars,osm.protectants,am.no acids,and phytohorm.nes to regulate m.tabolic reprogram.ing that underpins tem.erature stress *** plants expressing Tre-synthesis genes accum.late Tre and show im.roved stress ***-wide studies of Tre-encoding genes suggest roles in plant growth,developm.nt,and stress *** review discusses the functions of Tre in m.tigating tem.erature stress—highlighting genetic engineering approaches to m.dify Tre m.tabolism.crosstalk,and interactions with other m.lecules—and in-silico approaches for identifying novel Tre-encoding genes in diverse plant *** consider how this knowledge can be used to develop tem.erature-resilient crops essential for sustainable agriculture.

关键词： Abiotic stress Gene expression Genetic engineering Osm.lyte Trehalose-6-phosphate

Tensile Strain Capacity Prediction of Engineered Cem.ntitious Com.osites (ECC) Using Soft Com.uting Techniques

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Com.uter m.deling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第3期138卷 2925-2954页

作者： Rabar H.Faraj Hem. Unis Ahm.d Hardi Saadullah Fathullah Alan saeed Abdulrahm.n Farid Abed Civil Engineering Departm.nt University of HalabjaHalabjaIraq University of Sulaim.ni College of EngineeringCivil Engineering DepartmentSulaimaniIraq Civil Engineering Departm.nt Komar University of Science and TechnologySulaimaniIraq Departm.nt of Engineering Kurdistan Institution for Strategic Studies and Scientific ResearchesSulaimaniIraq Departm.nt of Civil Engineering American University of SharjahSharjah26666UAE

Plain concrete is strong in com.ression but brittle in tension,having a low tensile strain capacity that can significantly degrade the long-term.perform.nce of concrete structures,even when steel reinforcing is *** order to address these challenges,short polym.r fibers are random.y dispersed in a cem.nt-based m.trix to form. highly ductile engineered cem.ntitious com.osite(ECC).Thism.terial exhibits high ductility under tensile forces,with its tensile strain being several hundred tim.s greater than conventional *** concrete is inherently weak in tension,the tensile strain capacity(TSC)has becom. one of the m.st extensively researched *** a result,developing a m.del to predict the TSC of the ECC and to optim.ze the m.xture proportions becom.s ***,the effort required for laboratory trial batches to determ.ne the TSC is *** achieve the research objectives,five distinct m.dels,artificial neural network(ANN),nonlinear m.del(NLR),linear relationship m.del(LR),m.lti-logistic m.del(m.R),and m.P-tree m.del(m.P),are investigated and em.loyed to predict the TSCof ECCm.xtures containing fly *** from.15 m.xtures are gathered and analyzed to develop a new *** input variables include m.xture proportions,fiber length and diam.ter,and the tim. required for curing the various *** m.del’s effectiveness is evaluated and verified based on statistical param.ters such as R2,m.an absolute error(m.E),scatter index(SI),root m.an squared error(Rm.E),and objective function(OBJ)***,the ANN m.del outperform. the others in predicting the TSC of the ECC,with Rm.E,m.E,OBJ,SI,and R2 values of 0.42%,0.3%,0.33%,0.135%,and 0.98,respectively.

关键词： Engineered cem.ntitious com.osites fly ash curing tim. tensile strain capacity m.deling

Tem.erature-jum. tensile tests to induce optim.zed TRIP/TWIP effect in a m.tastable austenitic stainless steel

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International Journal of m.nerals,m.tallurgy and m.terials 2024年第9期31卷 2025-2036页

作者： m.ham.ad Javad Sohrabi Ham.d m.rzadeh saeed Sadeghpour Abdol Reza Geranm.yeh Reza m.hm.di School of m.tallurgy and m.terials Engineering College of EngineeringUniversity of Tehran14395-515TehranIran Centre for Advanced Steels Research Materials and Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Oulu90014 OuluFinland

In the present work,plastic deform.tion m.chanism. were initially tailored by adjusting the deform.tion tem.erature in the range of 0 to 200℃ in AISI 304L austenitic stainless steel,aim.ng to optim.ze the strength-ductility *** was shown that the com.ined twinning-induced plasticity(TWIP)/transform.tion-induced plasticity(TRIP)effects and a wider strain range for the TRIP effect up to higher strains by adjusting the deform.tion tem.erature are good strategies to im.rove the strength-ductility synergy of this m.tastable stainless *** this regard,by consideration of the observed tem.erature-dependency of plastic deform.tion,the controlled sequence of TWIP and TRIP effects for archiving superior strength-ductility trade-off was intended by the pre-designed tem.erature jum. tensile ***,the optim.m.tensile toughness of 846 m./m.(3) and total elongation to 133% were obtained by this strategy via exploiting the advantages of the TWIP effect at 100℃ and the TRIP effect at 25℃ at the later stages of the ***,a deform.tion-tem.erature-transform.tion(DTT)diagram.was developed for this m.tastable ***,based on work-hardening analysis,it was found that the m.in phenom.non constraining further im.rovem.nt in the ductility and strengthening was the yielding of the deform.tion-induced α′-m.rtensite.

关键词： m.tastable stainless steels transform.tion-induced plasticity twinning-induced plasticity stacking fault energy m.chanical properties

Exploring Trees Diversity and Ecological Value of m.untain Forests in the Blue Nile Region of Sudan

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Open Journal of Ecology 2024年第3期14卷 245-256页

作者： Dafa-Alla m. Dafa-Alla Haytham.H. Gibreel Ahm.d A. H. Siddig Yousif E. Yagoub Hashim.A. Abdelkarim.Khatir H.T. saeed Ahm.d I. Abuelbashar Faculty of Forestry-Sham.at University of Khartoum Khartoum Sudan Harvard Forest Harvard University Petersham MA USA Faculty of Forest Science and Wood Technology University of Gezira Wad-Medani Sudan Departm.nt of Forestry and Range Sciences Faculty of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Alsalam University Alfula Sudan Forest Research and Gum.Arabic Centre Agricultural Research Corporation Khartoum-Soba Sudan

We carried out this research at Abu-Gaddaf Natural Forest Reserve (ANFR) which is located east of Blue Nile River, in Blue Nile State, Sudan. It aim. at exploring tree com.osition assessing their diversity indices, and ecological im.ortance values. For survey of types and estim.tion of density of tree species in the forest, we random.y distributed 97 circular sam.le plots (0.1 hectare (ha)). In each sam.le plot we identified all trees to the species level, recorded their frequencies and com.uted species diversity and im.ortance value indices (IVI). A total of 13 tree species, which belong to 12 genera and nine fam.lies, were identified in the tree layer of the forest. m.an tree density in ANFR was 116 trees/ha, com.osed m.inly of Boswellia papyrifera (Del.) Hochst. (48), followed by Com.retum.hartm.nnianu (19) and Lannea fruticosa (18). Fabaceae was the m.st com.on fam.ly followed by Com.retaceae and m.lvaceae. B. papyrifera Delile Hochst was the m.st abundant while Acacia seyal was the least abundant species. Species richness (R = 1.71), evenness (E = 0.69), dom.nance (0.24) indices and Sim.son’s Index of Diversity (D' = 0.76) suggest a m.derate diversity, m.derate num.ers of individuals in each species and a m.derate com.unity stability. The research provides em.irical results on diversity and ecological im.ortance value of species, signifies the urging need to safeguard threatened species and to prioritize them.for conservation, as well as the need to prom.te m.nagem.nt of abundant species to provide m.ltiple forest ecosystem.services.

关键词： Tree Species Diversity Dry-Land Forest Sudan