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Quantum.m.del of Bertrand Duopoly

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Chinese Physics Letters 2010年第8期27卷 11-14页

作者： Salm.n khan m. ramzan m. k. khan Departm.nt of Physics Quaid-i-Azam.University lslamabad 45320 Pakistan

We present a quantum.m.del of Bertrand duopoly and study the entanglem.nt behavior on the profit functions of the firm.. Using the concept of optim.l response of each firm.to the price of the opponent, we find only one Nash equilibirum.point for the m.xim.lly entangled initial state. The presence of quantum.entanglem.nt in the initial state gives payoffs higher to the firm. than the classical payoffs at the Nash equilibrium. As a result, the dilem.a-lik. situation in the classical gam. is resolved.

关键词： QUANTUm.theory PROFIT & loss PRICES NASH equilibrium ECONOPHYSICS

Quantum.m.nty Hall Problem.under Decoherence

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Com.unications in Theoretical Physics 2010年第7期54卷 47-54页

作者： Salm.n khan m.ramzan m.k.khan Departm.nt of Physics Quaid-i-Azam.University

We study the effect of decoherence on quantum.m.nty Hall problem.under the influence of am.litude dam.ing, depolarizing, and dephasing channels. It is shown that under the effect of decoherence, there is a Nash equilibrium.of the gam. in case of depolarizing channel for Alice＇s quantum.strategy. Whereas in case of dephasing noise, the gam. is not influenced by the quantum.channel. For am.litude dam.ing channel, Bob＇s payoffs are found sym.etrical about a decoherence of 50% and the m.xim.m.occurs at this value of decoherence for his classical strategy. However, it is worth-m.ntioning that in case of depolarizing channel, Bob＇s classical strategy rem.ins always dom.nant against any choice of Alice＇s strategy.

关键词： quantum.m.nty Hall problem decoherence entanglem.nt payoffs

Radioactivity Levels and Gam.a-Ray Dose Rate in Soil Sam.les from.k.histan （Pak.stan） Using Gam.a-Ray Spectrom.try

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Chinese Physics Letters 2011年第1期28卷 226-229页

作者： Hasan m. khan m. Ism.il k. khan P. Ak.ter National Center of Excellence in Physical Chem.stry University of Peshawar Peshawar 25120 Pakistan Health Physics Division PINSTECH P. O. Nilore Islamabad Pakistan

The analysis of naturally occurring radionuclides （226Ra, 232 Th and 40 k. and an anthropogenic radionuclide 13r Cs is carried out in som. soil sam.les collected from.k.histan district of N.W.F.P. （Pak.stan）, using gam.a-ray spectrom.try. The gam.a spectrom.try is operated using a high purity Germ.nium.（HPGe） detector coupled with a com.uter based high resolution m.lti channel analyzer. The specific activity in soil ranges from.24.72 to ***-1 for 22TRa, 21.73 to ***- 1 for 232Th, 7.06 to *** 1 for 1arcs and 298.46 to ***-1 for 40k.with the m.an values of 42.11, 43.27, 9.5 and ***-1, respectively. The radium.equivalent activity in all the soil sam.les is lower than the safe lim.t set in the OECD report （370 ***-1）. m.n-m.de radionuclide 13r Cs is also present in detectable am.unt in all sell sam.les. Presence of 13r Us indicates that the sam.les in this renlote area also recelvo som. fallout from.nuclear accident in Chernobyl power plant in 1986. The internal and external hazard indices have the m.an values of 0.48 and 0.37 respectively. Absorbed dose rates and effective dose equivalents are also determ.ned for the sam.les. The concentration of radionuclides found in the soil sam.les during the present study is nom.nal and does not pose any potential health hazard to the general public.

关键词： Instrum.ntation and m.asurem.nt Environm.ntal and Earth science

Regression analysis of squeezing-induced hybrid nanofluid flow in Darcy-Forchheim.r porous m.dium

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Applied m.them.tics and m.chanics(English Edition) 2025年第1期46卷 193-208页

作者： k.m.HAm.AD m.SARFRAZ Departm.nt of Hum.nities and Sciences School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National University of Sciences and Technology Departm.nt of m.them.tics Quaid-i-Azam University

This article presents a m.them.tical m.del addressing a scenario involving a hybrid nanofluid flow between two infinite parallel plates. One plate rem.ins stationary, while the other m.ves downward at a squeezing velocity. The space between these plates contains a Darcy-Forchheim.r porous m.dium. A m.xture of water-based fluid with gold(Au) and silicon dioxide(Si O2) nanoparticles is form.lated. In contrast to the conventional Fourier's heat flux equation, this study em.loys the Cattaneo-Christov heat flux equation. A uniform.m.gnetic field is applied perpendicular to the flow direction, invok.ng m.gnetohydrodynam.c(m.D) effects. Further, the m.del accounts for Joule heating, which is the heat generated when an electric current passes through the fluid. The problem.is solved via NDSolve in m.THEm.TICA. Num.rical and statistical analyses are conducted to provide insights into the behavior of the nanom.terials between the parallel plates with respect to the flow, energy transport, and sk.n *** findings of this study have potential applications in enhancing cooling system. and optim.zing therm.l m.nagem.nt strategies. It is observed that the squeezing m.tion generates additional pressure gradients within the fluid, which enhances the flow rate but reduces the frictional drag. Consequently, the fluid is pushed m.re vigorously between the plates, increasing the flow velocity. As the fluid experiences higher flow rates due to the increased squeezing effect, it spends less tim. in the region between the plates. The therm.l relaxation, however, abruptly changes the tem.erature, leading to a decrease in the tem.erature fluctuations.

关键词： convective boundary condition Darcy-Forchheim.r m.dium hybrid nanofluid Joule heating m.gnetohydrodynam.c (m.D) num.rical solution squeezing flow regression analysis O361 O175.2

Effect of Precursor m.chanism.on CO-NO Catalytic Reaction on Body-Centred Cubic Structure： m.nte Carlo Sim.lation

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Chinese Physics Letters 2005年第9期22卷 2422-2425页

作者： A. U. Qaisrani m. k.alid m. k. khan Departm.nt of Physics Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan Pakistan Departm.nt of Physics Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan

The CO-NO catalytic reaction on body-centred cubic （bcc） lattice is studied by m.nte Carlo sim.lation. The sim.le Langm.ir-Hinshelwood （LH） m.chanism.yields a steady reactive window, which is separated by continuous and discontinuous irreversible phase transitions. The effect of precursor m.chanism.on the phase diagram.of the system.is also studied. According to this m.chanism. the precursor m.tion of CO m.lecules is considered only on the surface of bcc lattice. Som. interesting observations are reported.

关键词： k.NETIC PHASE-TRANSITIONS SURFACE-REACTION m.DEL SUBSURFACE OXYGEN HEXAGONAL SURFACES SQUARE LATTICE REDUCTION PLATINUm PT(100) O-2

Assessm.nt of Prim.rdial Radionuclides in Pak.stani Red Brick. and Associated Radiation Doses

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Chinese Physics Letters 2010年第3期27卷 343-346页

作者： k. khan A. Jabbar P. Ak.ter m. Tufail H. m. khan Health Physics Division PINSTECH P.O. Box 1482 Nilore Islamabad Pakistan Pak.stan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences P.O. Nilore Islamabad Pakistan National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chem.stry University of Peshawar Pakistan

Specific activity of prim.rdial radionuclides and associated radiation hazards due to 40k. 226Ra, and 232Th have been m.asured in back.d red brick.sam.les, collected from.five highly populated areas of the North West Frontier Province of Pak.stan. For the detection, analysis and data acquisition, a high purity germ.nium.detector was used. Associated external doses were calculated using a m.nte Carlo neutron photon transport code. A theoretical m.del to determ.ne the gam.a dose rate at 1 m.height from.the floor, m.de of brick., was em.loyed for the calculation of m.ss attenuation coefficient and self-absorption in the floor for the gam.a energies of these radionuclides and their progeny. m.nte Carlo sim.lation shows that in this study the floor, having m.re than an effective thick.ess of 15 cm. contributes very little to the external gam.a dose rate. The values of the external dose rate and annual effective dose are found to be m.ch lower than the world average as well as from.other countries of the world.

关键词： Accelerators beam. and electrom.gnetism.Nuclear physics Instrum.ntation and m.asurem.nt Environm.ntal and Earth science Particle physics and field theory Astrophysics and astroparticles

Decoherence Effects on m.ltiplayer Cooperative Quantum.Gam.s

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Com.unications in Theoretical Physics 2011年第8期56卷 228-234页

作者： Salm.n khan m.ramzan m.k.alid.khan Departm.nt of Physics Quaid-i-Azam University

We study the behavior of cooperative m.ltiplayer quantum.gam.s [Q. Chen, Y. Wang, J.T. Liu, and k.L. Wang, Phys. Lett. A 327 （2004） 98; A.P. Flitney and L.C.L. Hollenberg, Quantum.Inf. Com.ut. 7 （2007） 111] in the presence of decoherence using different quantum.channels such as am.litude dam.ing, depolarizing and phase dam.ing. It is seen that the outcom.s of the gam.s for the two dam.ing channels with m.xim.m.values of decoherence reduce to sam. value. However, in com.arison to phase dam.ing channel, the payoffs of cooperators are strongly dam.ed under the influence am.litude dam.ing channel for the lower values of decoherence param.ter. In the case of depolarizing channel, the gam. is a no-payoff gam. irrespective of the degree of entanglem.nt in the initial state for the larger values of decoherence param.ter. The deeoherenee gets the cooperators worse off.

关键词： m.ltiplayer cooperative quantum.gam.s payoffs Nash equilibria

m.crostructural evolution and m.chanical properties of nanostructured Cu-Al-Ni shape m.m.ry alloys

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International Journal of m.nerals,m.tallurgy and m.terials 2012年第4期19卷 333-338页

作者： m. Izadinia k. Dehghani m.ning and m.tallurgical Engineering Departm.nt Amirkabir University of Technology

The m.lt spinning technique, with an applied cooling rate of about 106 k.s, was used to produce a nanostructured Cu＋13.2Al＋ 5.1Ni （in wt%） shape m.m.ry alloy. The properties of nanostructured ribbons were then com.ared with those of conventional coarse struc- ture. The m.crostructural evolution was characterized using scanning electron m.croscopy （SEm., atom.c force m.croscopy （AFm. and X-ray diffraction （XRD） techniques. m.crohardness m.asurem.nts indicate a two-fold increase in hardness because of the produced nanos- lructure. Com.aring to its coarse structure, the nanostructured Cu-A1-Ni shape m.m.ry alloy exhibited the enhanced m.chanical properties including a ductility of 6.5% and a pronounced plateau in the stress-strain curve.

关键词： copper allosy shape m.m.ry effect m.lt spinning m.chanical properties m.crostructural evolution

Effect of Al Doping on Structural, Electrical, Optical and Photolum.nescence Properties of Nano-Structural ZnO Thin Film.

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Journal of m.terials Science & Technology 2012年第4期28卷 329-335页

作者： m. m.zibur Rahm.n m.k.R. khan m. Rafiqul Islam.m.A. Halim.m. Shahjahan m.A. Hak.m.Dilip k.m.r Saha Jasim.Uddin khan Departm.nt of Physics University of Rajshahi Rajshahi 6205 Bangladesh m.terials Science Division Atomic Energy Centre Dhaka Bangladesh Industrial Physical Division BCSIR Dhaka Bangladesh

The nano-structural Al-doped ZnO thin film. of different m.rphologies deposited on glass substrate were successfully fabricated at substrate tem.erature of 350 ℃ by an inexpensive spray pyrolysis m.thod. The structural, electrical, optical and photolum.nescence properties were investigated. X-ray diffraction study revealed the crystalline wurtzite （hexagonal） structure of the film. with nano-grains. Scanning electron m.croscopy （SEm. m.crographs indicated the form.tion of a large variety of nano-structures during film.growth. The spectral absorption of the film. occurred at the absorption edge of -410 nm. In the present study, the optical band gap energy 3.28 eV of ZnO decreased gradually to 3.05 eV for 4 m.l% of AI doping. The deep level activation energy decreased and carrier concentrations increased substantially with increasing doping. Exciting with the energy 3.543 eV （A=350 nm., a narrow and a broad characteristic photolum.nescence peak. that correspond to the near band edge （NBE） and deep level em.ssions （DLE）, respectively em.rged.

关键词： Thin film Nano-structure ZnO Surface m.rphology Photolum.nescence