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Deriving invariant checkers for critical infrastructure using axiom.tic design principles

Cybersecurity 2021年第1期4卷 67-90页

作者： Cheah Huei Yoong Venkata reddy Palleti Rajib Ranjan m.iti Arlindo Silva Christopher m.Poskitt Singapore University of Technology and Design 8 Somapah Road487372 SingaporeSingapore Indian Institute of Petroleum.and Energy 2nd FloorAU Engg College Main BlockAndhra University530003 VisakhapatnamIndia Birla Institute of Technology and Science PilaniHyderabad Campus Jawahar NagarKapra Mandal Medchal District500078 TelanganaIndia Singapore m.nagem.nt University 80 Stamford Road178902 SingaporeSingapore

Cyber-physical system.(CPSs)in critical infrastructure face serious threats of attack,m.tivating research into a wide variety of defence m.chanism. such as those that m.nitor for violations of invariants,*** properties over sensor and actuator states that should always be *** approaches for identifying invariants attem.t to do so autom.tically,typically using data logs,but these can m.ss valid system.properties if relevant behaviours are not well-represented in the ***,as the CPS is already built,resolving any design flaws or weak points identified through this process is *** this paper,we propose a system.tic m.thod for deriving invariants from.an analysis of a CPS design,based on principles of the axiom.tic design m.thodology from.design *** m.thod iteratively decom.oses a high-level CPS design to identify sets of dependent design param.ters(*** and actuators),allowing for invariants and invariant checkers to be derived in parallel to the im.lem.ntation of the *** apply our m.thod to the designs of two CPS testbeds,SWaT and WADI,deriving a suite of invariant checkers that are able to detect a variety of single-and m.lti-stage attacks without any false ***,we reflect on the strengths and weaknesses of our approach,how it can be com.lem.nted by other defence m.chanism.,and how it could help engineers to identify and resolve weak points in a design before the controllers of a CPS are im.lem.nted.

关键词： Cyber-physical system. Critical infrastructure Industrial control system. System.tic design fram.work Axiom.tic design Invariants Anom.ly detection Supervised m.chine learning

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Schottky Barrier Param.ters of Pd/Ti Contacts on N-Type InP Revealed from.I-V-T And C-V-T m.asurem.nts

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Journal of m.dern Physics 2011年第3期2卷 113-123页

作者： D. Subba reddy m. Bhaskar reddy N. Nanda Kum.r reddy V. Rajagopal reddy 不详

We report on the current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics of the Pd/Ti/n-InP Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) in the tem.erature range 160-400 K in steps of 40 K. The barrier heights and ideality factors of Schottky contact are found in the range 0.35 eV (I-V), 0.73 eV (C-V) at 160 K and 0.63 eV (I-V), 0.61 eV (C-V) at 400 K, respectively. It is observed that the zero-bias barrier height decreases and ideality factor n increase with a decrease in tem.erature, this behaviour is attributed to barrier inhom.geneities by assum.ng Gaussian distribution at the interface. The calculated value of series resistance (Rs) from.the forward I-V characteristics is decreased with an increase in tem.erature. The hom.geneous barrier height value of approxim.tely 0.71 eV for the Pd/Ti Schottky diode has been obtained from.the linear relationship between the tem.erature-dependent experim.ntally effective barrier heights and ideality factors. The zero-bias barrier height ( ) versus 1/2kT plot has been drawn to obtain evidence of a Gaussian distribution of the barrier heights and values of = 0.80 eV and = 114 m. for the m.an barrier height and standard deviation have been obtained from.the plot, respectively. The m.dified Richardson ln(I0/T2)- ( ) versus 1000/T plot has a good linearity over the investigated tem.erature range and gives the m.an barrier height ( ) and Richardson constant (A*) values as 0.796 eV and 6.16 Acm.2K-2 respectively. The discrepancy between Schottky barrier heights obtained from.I-V and C-V m.asurem.nts is also interpreted.

关键词： Schottky Barrier Param.ters I-V-T and C-V-T m.asurem.nts Pd/Ti Schottky Contacts N-Type InP Gaussian Distribution

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Enhanced perform.nce of nano-sized SiC reinforced Al m.tal m.trix nanocom.osites synthesized through m.crowave sintering and hot extrusion techniques

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Progress in Natural Science:m.terials International 2017年第5期27卷 606-614页

作者： m.Penchal reddy R.A.Shakoor Gururaj Parande Vyasaraj m.nakari F.Ubaid A.m.A.m.ham.d m.noj Gupta Center for Advanced m.terials Qatar University Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering National University of Singapore Departm.nt of m.tallurgical and m.terials Engineering Suez University

In the present study, nano-sized SiC(0, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 vol%) reinforced alum.num.Al) m.tal m.trix com.osites were fabricated by m.crowave sintering and hot extrusion techniques. The structural(XRD, SEm.,m.chanical(nanoindentation, com.ression, tensile) and therm.l properties(co-efficient of therm.l expansionCTE) of the developed Al-SiC nanocom.osites were studied. The SEm.EDS m.pping im.ges show a hom.geneous distribution of SiC nanoparticles into the Al m.trix. A significant increase in the strength(com.ressive and tensile) of the Al-SiC nanocom.osites with the addition of SiC content is observed. However,it is noticed that the ductility of Al-SiC nanocom.osites decreases with increasing volum. fraction of SiC. The therm.l analysis indicates that CTE of Al-SiC nanocom.osites decreases with the progressive addition of hard SiC nanoparticles. Overall, hot extruded Al 1.5 vol% SiC nanocom.osites exhibited the best m.chanical and therm.l perform.nce as com.ared to the other developed Al-SiC nanocom.osites.

关键词： Al-SiC nanocom.osites m.crowave sintering Hot extrusion m.chanical properties Therm.l expansion

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Bem.sia tabaci Phylogenetic Groups in India and the Relative Transm.ssion Efficacy of Tom.to leaf curl Bangalore virus by an Indigenous and an Exotic Population

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第2期11卷 235-248页

作者： R V Chowda-reddy m.Kirankum.r Susan E Seal V m.niyappa Girish B Valand m.R Govindappa John Colvin Agriculture Health and Environment GroupNatural Resources InstituteUniversity of Greenwich at MedwayChatham MaritimeKentME4 4TBUnited Kingdom Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre London-N5V 4T3Canada Departm.nt of Plant Pathology University of Agricultural SciencesBangalore-560 065India Departm.nt of Plant Pathology Gujarat Agricultural UniversityAnand 388110GujaratIndia

Bem.sia tabaci adults from.various host-plant species were collected from.31 regions across India.266 *** sam.les were first screened by RAPD-PCR to exam.ne m.lecular variability and to select individuals with different ***-plant and region of collection were then used to select 25 individuals for PCR am.lification and sequencing of their partial m.tochondrial cytochrom. oxidase subunit one（m.COI）*** com.arisons with m.COI consensus sequences showed that the m.jority of these sam.les had 〈3.5% sequence divergence from.groups currently term.d Asia I,Asia II-5,Asia II-7,and Asia *** biotype-B *** from.India clustered into the m.ddle East-Asia m.nor 1 group.A new group of *** from.Coim.atore,collected from.pum.kin,was related m.st closely to the Asia I group（6.2% sequence divergence from.the consensus Asia I sequence）.To increase our understanding of the epidem.ology of tom.to leaf curl disease（ToLCD）and the key *** genetic groups involved in virus spread,the indigenous Asia I and the exotic biotype-B population from.South India were used to carry out transm.ssion experim.nts using Tom.to leaf curl Bangalore virus（ToLCBV）.The acquisition access periods（AAP）,inoculation access periods（IAP）,latent periods（LP）,and ToLCBV transm.ssion efficiencies of the two populations were com.ared and the biotype-B had the m.re efficient transm.ssion *** results are discussed in relation to recent changes in the epidem.ology of tom.to leaf curl disease in South India.

关键词： begom.viruses m.tochondrial cytochrom. oxidase whitefly Bem.sia tabaci virus-vector relationships epidem.ology

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m.gnetohydrodynam.c flow and heat transfer of a hybrid nanofluid over a rotating disk by considering Arrhenius energy

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Com.unications in Theoretical Physics 2021年第4期73卷 9-20页

作者： m.Gnaneswara reddy Naveen Kum.r R B C Prasannakum.ra N G Rudraswam. K Ganesh Kum.r Departm.nt of m.them.tics Acharya Nagarjuna University CampusOngole-523001India Departm.nt of Studies and Research in m.them.tics Davangere UniversityShivagangothriDavangere-577007KarnatakaIndia Departm.nt of m.them.tics P.C.Jabin Science CollageHubballi-580031India

This research work explores the effect of hybrid nanoparticles on the flow over a rotating disk by using an activation energy ***,we considered m.lybdenum.disulfide and ferro sulfate as nanoparticles suspended in base fluid *** m.gnetic field is pragm.tic norm.l to the hybrid nanofluid flow *** derived nonlinear ordinary differential equations are non-dim.nsionalized and worked out num.rically with the help of m.ple software by the RKF-45 *** scientific results for a non-dim.nsionalized equation are presented for both nanoparticle and hybrid nanoparticle *** of various predom.nant restrictions on flow and therm.l fields are *** estim.tion for friction factor,local Nusselt num.er and Sherwood num.er are also *** reveal that the reduction of the heat transfer rate is greater in hybrid nanoparticles when com.ared to nanoparticles for increasing values of Eckert Num.er and the therm.l field enhances for the enhanced values of volum. fraction.

关键词： porous m.dium m.D hybrid nanoparticles activation energy

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An Efficient Sound and Data Steganography Based Secure Authentication System

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Com.uters, m.terials & Continua 2021年第4期67卷 723-751页

作者： Debajit Datta Lalit Garg Kathiravan Srinivasan Atsushi Inoue G.Thippa reddy m.Praveen Kum.r reddy K.Ram.sh Nidal Nasser School of Com.uter Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology(VIT)Vellore632014India Faculty of Inform.tion and Com.unication Technology University of MaltaMsidaMSD2080Malta School of Inform.tion Technology and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology(VIT)Vellore632014India Departm.nt of Inform.tion System.&Business Analytics Eastern Washington UniversitySpokaneWA99202USA Departm.nt of Com.uter Science Karnataka State Akkamahadevi Women’s UniversityVijayapuraIndia College of Engineering Alfaisal UniversityRiyadh1153Saudi Arabia

The prodigious advancem.nts in contem.orary technologies have also brought in the situation of unprecedented ***,the pin-based security system.is an inadequate m.chanism.for handling such a *** reason is that hackers use m.ltiple strategies for evading security system. and thereby gaining access to private *** research proposes to deploy diverse approaches for authenticating and securing a connection am.ngst two devices/gadgets via sound,thereby disregarding the pins’m.nual ***,the results dem.nstrate that the proposed approaches outperform.conventional pin-based authentication or QR authentication ***,a random.signal is encrypted,and then it is transform.d into a wave file,after which it gets transm.tted in a short burst via the device’s ***,the other device/gadget captures these audio bursts through its m.crophone and decrypts the audio signal for getting the essential data for ***,this m.del requires two devices/gadgets with speakers and a m.crophone,and no extra hardware such as a cam.ra,for reading the QR code is *** first m.dule is tested with realtim. data and generates high scores for the widely accepted accuracy m.trics,including precision,Recall,F1 score,entropy,and m.tual inform.tion(m.).Additionally,this work also proposes a m.dule helps in a secured transm.ssion of sensitive data by encrypting it over im.ges and other *** steganographic m.dule includes two-stage encryption with two different encryption algorithm. to transm.t data by em.edding inside a *** encryption algorithm. and their com.inations are taken for this system.to com.are the resultant file *** these system. engender high accuracies and provide secure connectivity,leading to a sustainable com.unication ecosystem.

关键词： Cyber-attacks signals privacy security organization encryption decryption authentication effective com.unication steganography

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m.dified distance regularized level set evolution for brain ventricles segm.ntation

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Visual Com.uting for Industry,Biom.dicine,and Art 2020年第1期3卷 329-340页

作者： Thirum.gal Jayaram.n Sravan reddy m.m.njunatha m.hadevappa Anup Sadhu Pranab Kum.r Dutta School of m.dical Science and Technology IIT KharagpurKharagpur 721302India Departm.nt of Electronics and Com.unications JNTUA-College of EngineeringPulivendula 516390India EKO CT&m.I Scan Centre Medical CollegeCalcutta 700073India Departm.nt of Electrical Engineering IIT KharagpurKharagpur 721302India

Neurodegenerative disorders are com.only characterized by atrophy of the brain which is caused by neuronal *** are one of the prom.nent structures in the brain;their shape changes,due to their content,the cerebrospinal *** the m.rphological changes of ventricles,aids in the diagnosis of atrophy,for which the region of interest needs to be separated from.the *** study presents a m.dified distance regularized level set evolution segm.ntation m.thod,incorporating regional intensity *** proposed m.thod is im.lem.nted for segm.nting ventricles from.brain im.ges for norm.l and atrophy subjects of m.gnetic resonance im.ging and com.uted tom.graphy *** of the proposed m.thod were com.ared with ground truth im.ges and produced sensitivity in the range of 65%–90%,specificity in the range of 98%–99%,and accuracy in the range of 95%–98%.Peak signal to noise ratio and structural sim.larity index were also used as perform.nce m.asures for determ.ning segm.ntation accuracy:95%and 0.95,*** param.ters of level set form.lation vary for different *** optim.zation procedure was followed to fine tune *** proposed m.thod was found to be efficient and robust against noisy *** proposed m.thod is adaptive and m.ltim.dal.

关键词： Ventricles Atrophy Segm.ntation Level set Diagnosis

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m.chanical and physical characterization of sodium.hydroxide treated Borassus fruit fibers

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Journal of Forestry Research 2012年第4期23卷 667-674页

作者： Obi reddy K Shukla m.Um. m.heswari C Varada Rajulu A Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Technology Doornfontein CampusP.O Box 17011University of JohannesburgJohannesburg 2028South Africa Departm.nt of Polym.r Science and Technology Sri Krishnadevaraya UniversityAnantapur 515055India

In order to im.rove the properties by chem.cal m.dification and to optim.ze the alkali concentration, we treated Borassus fruit fine fibers with aqueous sodium.hydroxide solutions of different concentra- tions. In each case, the tensile properties of the fibers were determ.ned. The m.rphology of the untreated and alkali treated fibers was observed using scanning electron m.croscope. The surface of the fibers becam. rough on alkali treatm.nt. The tensile properties of the fibers im.roved on alkali treatm.nt. The fibers attained m.xim.m.tensile properties when treated with 15% aqueous sodium.hydroxide solution and decreased thereafter. The crystallinity index of the fibers showed a sim.lar trend. The therm.l stability of the alkali treated fibers was found to be higher than that of untreated fibers. Further, the char content was m.xim.m.for fibers treated with alkali having concentration of 15% and above. The chem.cal com.osition indicated that the percentageof a-cellulose was m.xim.m.when the fibers were treated with 15% aqueous sodium.hydroxide solution and then decreased thereafter thus indicating the beginning of degradation of the fibers at higher concentrations. Thus, the optim.m.concentration of NaOH was established as 15% for alkali treatm.nt of the Borassus fibers.

关键词： borassus fruit fine fiber chem.cal com.osition m.rcerization spectral analysis tensile properties therm.l properties.

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Degradation of m.thylene Blue and Rhodam.ne B Using a New Visible Light-Responsive Photocatalyst, KSb_2PO_(8-x)N_y

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Acta m.tallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2016年第4期29卷 335-343页

作者： G.Ravi CH.Sudhakar reddy K.Sreenu Ravinder Guje Radha Velchuri m.Vithal Departm.nt of Chem.stry University College of ScienceOsmania University

Potassium.phosphatoantim.nates, KSb2PO8 （KSbPO） and KSb2PO8-xNy （KSbPON）, are prepared by solidstate m.thod. Urea is em.loyed as a source of nitrogen for N-doping. Structural, m.rphological and optical properties of both KSbPO and KSbPON are characterized by powder X-ray diffraction （PXRD）, scanning electron m.croscopy, energydispersive spectroscopy, Fourier transform.infrared spectroscopy and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Both sam.les are found to crystallize in a m.noclinic lattice with Cc space group. The d-lines of KSbPO and KSbPON are refined by least square fitting the PXRD data, using POWD software to obtain their unit cell param.ters. The bandgap energy （Eg） of both pristine and N-doped KSbPO is found from.their Kubelka-m.nk plot. The KSbPON/visible photocatalytic degradation of m.thylene blue and rhodam.ne B has been investigated in aqueous heterogeneous suspension. The generation of .OH in the presence of KSbPON during the photoreaction is verified by a fluorescence technique using terephthalic acid （TA） as a probe.

关键词： Potassium.phosphatoantim.nates Characterization Organic dyes Photodegradation

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Acute Toxicity of Alum.nium.Phosphide Following Oral Adm.nistration in Rats

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Biom.dical and Environm.ntal Sciences 1998年第2期11卷 179-186页

作者： Om.KUm.R K. SUGENDRAN S. C. PANT RAm.SINGH P. m. K. reddy AND R. VIJAYARAGHAVAN (Division of Pharm.cology and Toxicology, Defence Research and Developm.nt Establishm.nt, GWALIOR-474002, India) Def Res & Dev Estab Div Pharmacol & Toxicol Gwalior 474002 India

Alum.nium.phosphide (AlP) is used as a fum.gant and also som.tim.s m.sused for suicidal attem.ts in India, due to its easy availability. The effect of phosphine, the gas that is liberated when AlP com.s in contact with m.isture, is well docum.nted in the literature. However, the effect of AlP in its native form.on anim.l m.dels is not well cited. In this study we exam.ned the acute toxic effect of AlP in rats. Oral LD50 of AlP for m.le and fem.le rats were found to be 14. 13 and 11. 89m./kg, respectively. Oral adm.nistration of an AlP dose of 0. 80 LD50 resulted in significant increases in the level of plasm. glutam.c oxaloacetic transam.nase,alkaline phosphatase, glucose and urea in rats of both sexes. Hem.globin level and packed cell volum. also increased significantly 6h after adm.nistration. Body weight was reduced but the organ to body weight ratio of lung, liver, spleen, kidney and testes rem.ined *** changes induced by AlP during 24-48h induced hem.rrhage, congestion and m.ld to m.derate atrophy of various cellular com.onents of visceral organs. The study showed that the acute toxic effect of AlP m.y be due to hypovolem.c shock. Fem.le rats were found to be m.re susceptible than were m.les.

关键词： In Acute Toxicity of Alum.nium.Phosphide Following Oral Adm.nistration in Rats

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