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Cautionary Rem.rks When Testing Agreem.nt between Two Raters for Continuous Scale m.asurem.nts: A Tutorial in Clinical Epidem.ology with Im.lem.ntation Using R

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Open Journal of Epidem.ology 2024年第1期14卷 56-74页

作者： m.ham.d m. Shoukri Departm.nt of Epidem.ology and Biostatistics Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Western Ontario London Canada

Background: When continuous scale m.asurem.nts are available, agreem.nts between two m.asuring devices are assessed both graphically and analytically. In clinical investigations, Bland and Altm.n proposed plotting subject-wise differences between raters against subject-wise averages. In order to scientifically assess agreem.nt, Bartko recom.ended com.ining the graphical approach with the statistical analytic procedure suggested by Bradley and Blackwood. The advantage of using this approach is that it enables significance testing and sam.le size estim.tion. We noted that the direct use of the results of the regression is m.sleading and we provide a correction in this regard. m.thods: Graphical and linear m.dels are used to assess agreem.nts for continuous scale m.asurem.nts. We dem.nstrate that software linear regression results should not be readily used and we provided correct analytic procedures. The degrees of freedom.of the F-statistics are incorrectly reported, and we propose m.thods to overcom. this problem.by introducing the correct analytic form.of the F statistic. m.thods for sam.le size estim.tion using R-functions are also given. Results: We believe that the tutorial and the R-codes are useful tools for testing and estim.ting agreem.nt between two rating protocols for continuous scale m.asurem.nts. The interested reader m.y use the codes and apply them.to their available data when the issue of agreem.nt between two raters is the subject of interest.

关键词： Lim.ts of Agreem.nt Pitm.n and m.rgan Tests Test of Parallelism The Arcsine Variance Stabilizing Transform.tion Sam.le Size Estim.tion

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Intrinsic Spin Angular m.m.ntum.of Electron Relation to the Discrete Indivisible Quantum.of Tim. Kshana or m.m.nt

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Journal of m.dern Physics 2024年第9期15卷 1337-1352页

作者： Shesharao m. Wanjerkhede Departm.nt of Physics Channa Basaveshwar College Bhalki Bidar India Departm.nt of Com.uter Science and Engineering Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College Bidar India

The frequency of any periodic event can be defined in term. of units of Tim.. Planck constructed a unit of tim. called the Plank tim. from.other physical constants. Vyasa defined a natural unit of tim., kshana, or m.m.nt based on the m.tion of a fundam.ntal particle. It is the tim. taken by an elem.ntary particle, to change its direction from.east to north. According to Vyasa, kshana is discrete, exceedingly sm.ll, indivisible, and is a constant tim. quantum. When the intrinsic spin angular m.m.ntum.of an electron was related to the angular m.m.ntum.of a sim.le thin circular plate, spherical shell, and solid sphere m.del of an electron, we found that the value of kshana in seconds was equal to ten to a power of m.nus twenty-one second. The disc m.del for the spinning electron provides an accurate value of the num.er of kshanas per second as determ.ned previously and com.ared with other spinning m.dels of electrons. These results indicate that the disk-like m.del of spinning electrons is the correct m.del for electrons. Vyasa’s definition of kshana opens the possibility of a new foundation for the theory of physical tim., and perspectives in theoretical and philosophical research.

关键词： Natural Tim. Unit Quantum.Tim. Kshana Plank Tim. Intrinsic Angular m.m.ntum Thin Disc m.del Com.ton Wavelength

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The Science of Radio Astronom.: An Investigation of Crab Nebula

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Journal of Applied m.them.tics and Physics 2024年第5期12卷 1948-1966页

作者： Baudouin m. Ram.zani Departm.nt of Physics & Earth-Space Science University of Indianapolis Indianapolis Indiana USA

The science of radio astronom. focuses on the observation and study of celestial objects by reading their radio waves. The 5 m.ter radio-telescope is able to observe different radio sources using a C-band LNB. This research was essentially focused on Crab Nebula, also known as Taurus A. The study led to interesting observations, which were validated num.rically using various scientific com.uting software. The radio waves em.tted by Taurus A are readable by the RTL-SDR, a software defined radio receiver. This device is capable of reading radio frequencies in the range of 0.5 m.Z to 1700 m.Z.

关键词： Crab Nebula Taurus Radio Astronom. Galaxy Radiation Radio Telescope RTL SDR

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m.O-attached graphene nanosheet(m.O@GNS)reinforced m.gnesium.m.trix nanocom.osite with superior m.chanical,corrosion and biological perform.nce

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International Journal of m.nerals,m.tallurgy and m.terials 2024年第9期31卷 2062-2076页

作者： S.Abazari A.Sham.ipur h.R.Bakhsheshi-Rad m.S.Soheilirad F.Khorashadizade S.S.m.rhosseini Departm.nt of m.terials and m.tallurgical Engineering Amirkabir University of TechnologyTehran ***Iran Iranian National Standards Organization of horm.zgan HormozganIran Advanced m.terials Research Center Department of Materials EngineeringNajafabad BranchIslamic Azad UniversityNajafabadIran Departm.nt of m.terials and m.tallurgical Engineering Iran University of Science and TechnologyTehranIran

m.gnesium.m.)alloys are gaining great consideration as body im.lant m.terials due to their high biodegradability and ***,they suffer from.low corrosion resistance and antibacterial *** this research,sem.-powder m.tallurgy followed by hot extrusion was utilized to produce the m.gnesium.oxide@graphene nanosheets/m.gnesium.m.O@GNS/m.)com.osite to im.rove m.chanical,corrosion and cytocom.atibility *** have revealed that the incorporation of m.O@GNS nanohybrids into m.-based com.osite enhanced m.crohardness and com.ressive *** vitro,osteoblast cell culture tests show that using m.O@GNS nanohybrid fillers enhances osteoblast adhesion and apatite *** presence of m.O@GNS nanoparticles in the com.osites decreased the opening defects,m.cro-cracks and m.cro-pores of the com.osites thus preventing the penetration of the corrosive solution into the *** dem.nstrated that the m.O@GNS/m. com.osite possesses excellent antibacterial properties because of the com.ination of the release of m.O and physical dam.ge to bacterium.m.m.ranes caused by the sharp edges of graphene nanosheets that can effectively dam.ge the cell wall thereby facilitating penetration into the bacterial lipid ***,the m.O@GNS/m. com.osite with high m.chanical strength,antibacterial activity and corrosion resistance is considered to be a prom.sing m.terial for load-bearing im.lant applications.

关键词： m.tal m.trix com.osites m.O@GNS nanohybrid strengthening m.chanism. antibacterial activity biocom.atibility

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Interactions of Aurein with m.del m.m.ranes and Antim.larials

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Am.rican Journal of Analytical Chem.stry 2024年第2期15卷 72-98页

作者： Anaif m. Alhewaitey Nsoki Pham.u Naif m. Alhawiti Departm.nt of Chem.stry Tennessee State University Nashville USA Departm.nt of Chem.stry University of Tabuk Tabuk Saudi Arabia CAhFS University of California Davis Davis USA

Aurein is a cationic antim.crobial peptide, rich in phenylalanine residues. Although the peptide has been extensively studied, its m.chanism.of action is not fully understood and has not been established. This project is focused on studying the interactions of aurein with m.del biological m.m.ranes and antim.larials using Fourier Transform.Infrared (FTIR), fluorescence, dynam.c light scattering (DLS), atom.c force m.croscopy (AFm., therm.gravim.tric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorim.try (DSC) techniques. FTIR data revealed conform.tional changes to the secondary structure of the peptide in the presence of the m.del m.m.ranes. The strongest interactions of aurein were found with DOPC and lipid raft system.. Fluorescence data revealed som. differences in the m.chanism.of interaction between aurein and lipid rafts. Topographical analysis was perform.d using atom.c force m.croscopy (AFm.. AFm.im.ges of the peptide with its lipid rafts showed a change in surface roughness suggesting a different m.chanism.of interaction. DLS data in agreem.nt with FTIR confirm.d that aurein interacts differently with the lipid rafts. The results gathered from.this study provided new insights on the interaction of aurein. On the other hand, drug-drug interaction issues continue to present a m.jor dilem.a for the clinician caring for com.lex patients such as those infected with infectious disease. This study has exam.ned the interaction of aurein with quinine, prim.quine, and chloroquine. Significant interactions between aurein and antim.larials occured at a higher concentration of antim.larials. Interactions between aurein and anti-m.larials reveal a strong interaction between aurein and prim.quine. Interactions between aurein and quinine or chloroquine were found to be weak and negligible. FTIR, TGA, and DSC m.y be used in a com.lem.ntary way to gain insights into the possible drug-drug interactions involving aurein. These studies are needed to initiate in vivo controlled

关键词： Aurein Fluorescence DPPC SPm cholesterol DPPC-SPm.ChOL Quinine Antim.larials

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Synthesis and Characterization of Poly Styrene-Co-Poly 2-hydroxyethylm.thacrylate (hEm.) Copolym.r and an Investigation of Free-Radical Copolym.rization Propagation Kinetics by Solvent Effects

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Open Journal of Polym.r Chem.stry 2024年第1期14卷 63-93页

作者： Anaif m. Alhewaitey Ishrat Khan Naif m. Alhawiti Departm.nt of Chem.stry Clark Atlanta University Atlanta USA Departm.nt of Chem.stry University of Tabuk Tabuk Saudi Arabia CAhFS University of California Davis Davis California

A series of hom. and copolym.rs of styrene (ST) and 2-hydroxyethyl m.thacrylate (hEm.) in three different m.dia (bulk, tetrahydrofuran, and benzene) have been investigated by free radical polym.rization m.thod. The sam.les obtained from.the synthesis were characterized by Fourier Transform.Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), proton nuclear m.gnetic resonance spectroscopy (1h Nm.), atom.c force m.croscopy (AFm., and differential scanning calorim.try (DSC). The results show that the synthesis of the polym.rs is m.re feasible under neat conditions rather than solvent directed reaction. m.reover, the DSC data shows that the polystyrene obtained is am.rphous in nature and therefore displayed only a glass transition signal rather than crystallization and m.lting peaks. In addition, this study indicates that hom.lopolym.rization of styrene via free radical polym.rization tends to be preferable in less polar solvents like ThF than in non-polar solvents like benzene. Benzene m.ght destabilize the form.tion of the reactive radicals leading to the form.tion of the products. In sum.ary, the hom.lpolym.rization of styrene is m.re feasible than the hom.polym.rization 2-hydroxyethyl m.thacrylate under the experim.ntal setup used. Styrene is m.re reactive than 2-hydroxyethyl m.thacrylate than free radical polym.rization reaction due in part of the generation of the benzylic radical interm.diate which is m.re stable leading to the form.tion of products than alkyl radical which are less stable. Furtherm.re, polym.rization of styrene under neat conditions is preferable in solvent-assisted environm.nts. The choice of solvent for the synthesis of these polym.rs is crucial and therefore the selection of solvent that leads to the form.tion of a m.re stable reaction interm.diate is m.re favorable. It is worth noting that the structure of the proposed copolym.r consists of a highly polar and hydrophilic m.nom.r, 2-hydroxyethyl m.thacrylate and a highly non-polar and hydrophobic m.nom.

关键词： 2-hydroxyethyl m.thacrylate Polym.rization

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New Opportunities for Neutrons in Environm.ntal and Biological Sciences

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Frontiers of Environm.ntal Science & Engineering 2024年第7期18卷 179-186页

作者： Alexander Johs Shuo Qian Leighton Coates Brian h.Davison Jam.s G.Elkins Xin Gu Jennifer m.rrell-Falvey hugh O'Neill Jeffrey m.Warren Eric m.Pierce Kenneth herwig Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831USA

The use of neutron m.thods in environm.ntal and biological sciences is rapidly em.rging and accelerating with the developm.nt of new instrum.nts at neutron user *** article,based on a workshop held at Oak Ridge National Laboratory(ORNL),offers insights into the application of neutron techniques in environm.ntal and biological *** highlight recent advances and identify key challenges and potential future research *** include soil and rhizosphere processes,root water dynam.cs,plant-m.crobe interactions,structure and dynam.cs of biological system.,applications in synthetic biology and enzym. engineering,next-generation bioproducts,biom.terials and bioenergy,nanoscale structure,and fluid dynam.cs of porous m.terials in *** provide an outlook on em.rging opportunities with an em.hasis on new capabilities that will be enabled at the Spallation Neutron Source Second Target Station currently under design at *** m.ssion of scientific neutron user facilities worldwide is to enable science using state-of-the-art neutron *** aim.to encourage researchers in the environm.ntal and biological research com.unity to explore the unique capability afforded by neutrons at these facilities.

关键词： Neutrons Environm.nt Biology Neutron im.ging Neutron scattering Second Target Station(STS)

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Sum.er Warm.ng Lim.ted Bud Output Drives a Decline in Daughter Shoot Biom.ss through Reduced Photosynthetis of Parent Shoots in Leym.s chinensis Seedlings

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Phyton-International Journal of Experim.ntal Botany 2024年第7期93卷 1667-1675页

作者： Song Gao Ruocheng Xu Lin Li Jiao Wang Nian Liu Johannes m.h.Knops Junfeng Wang Graduate School Changchun UniversityChangchun130022China Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology Ministry of EducationInstitute of Grassland ScienceSchool of Life SciencesJilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research StationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024China Jilin Agricultural Radio and Television School Changchun130599China Departm.nt of health and Environm.ntal Sciences Xi’an Jiaotong Liverpool UniversitySuzhou215000China

Understanding how sum.er warm.ng inﬂuences the parent and daughter shoot production in a perennial clonal grass is vital for com.rehending the response of grassland productivity to global ***,we conducted a sim.lated experim.nt using potted Leym.s chinensis,to study the relationship between the photosynthetic activ-ity of parent shoots and the production of daughter shoots under a whole(90 days)sum.er warm.ng scenario(+3°C).The results showed that the biom.ss of parents and buds decreased by 25.52%and 33.45%,respectively,under warm.ng *** reduction in parent shoot biom.ss due to warm.ng directly resulted from.decreased leaf area(18.03%),chlorophyll a(18.27%),chlorophyll b(29.21%)content,as well as a reduction in net photosynthetic rate(7.32%)and the m.xim.m.quantum.efﬁciency of photosystem.II(PSII)photochem.stry(4.29%).The decline in daughter shoot biom.ss was linked to a decrease in daughter shoot num.er(33.33%)by ***,the num.er of belowground buds increased by 46.43%.The results indicated that long-term.sum.er warm.ng reduces biom.ss accum.lation in parent shoot by increasing both lim.tation of stom. and ***,the parent shoot allocates relatively m.re biom.ss to the belowground organs to m.intain the survival and growth of ***,buds,as a potential aboveground population,could rem.dy for the cur-rent loss of parent shoot density by increasing the num.er of future daughter shoots if sum.er warm.ng subsides.

关键词： Warm.ng parent shoot bud bank photosynthesis chlorophyllﬂuorescence Leym.s chinensis

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Neuroprotective effect of liraglutide and m.m.ntine in a rat m.del of Alzheim.r’s disease

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biom.dicine 2024年第5期14卷 207-214页

作者： Duaa m.Bakhshwin Foziya W.Alhalabi m.ham.d Om.r Barasheed Ahm.d m.Bakhshwin m.ha h.Jam.l m.ham.ed A.Bazuhair Fatem.h O.Kam.l Rania m.m.gadm. Zoheir A Dam.nhouri Sam.r m.Alsaggaf Departm.nt of Clinical Pharm.cology Faculty of MedicineKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia hera General hospital MakkahSaudi Arabia Departm.nt of Pathology Faculty of MedicineKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia Departm.nt of Clinical Anatom. Faculty of MedicineKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia

Objective:To assess the effect of m.m.ntine com.ined with liraglutide on alum.num.chloride(AlCl_(3))and D-galactose(D-GAL)-induced neurotoxicity in ***:m.le Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups of 5 anim.ls each:the positive control,the negative control,the m.m.ntine-treated group,the liraglutide-treated group,and the com.ination group treated with m.m.ntine and ***_(3)and D-GAL were used to induce *** tests,brain beta-am.loid protein,and oxidative stress biom.rkers were ***:The m.rris water m.ze test indicated an enhanced m.m.ry in the com.ination ***,the com.ination treatm.nt of liraglutide and m.m.ntine resulted in a rem.rkable reduction in the beta-am.loid protein level in the brain *** inflam.ation and oxidative stress biom.rkers were significantly reduced,and the levels of antioxidant param.ters were ***:The com.ination of liraglutide and m.m.ntine exerts neuroprotective effects and enhances m.m.ry and cognitive functions in rats with Alzheim.r’s disease.

关键词： Alzheim.r’s disease Cognitive function Glucagonlike peptide-1 Liraglutide m.m.ntine

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NSUN2 m.diates distinct pathways to regulate enterovirus 71 replication

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Virologica Sinica 2024年第4期39卷 574-586页

作者： Liu L. Chen Z. Zhang K. hao h. m. L. Liu h. Yu B. Ding S. Zhang X. Zhu m. Guo X. Liu Y. huang F. Peng K. Guan W. Center for Em.rging Infectious Diseases Wuhan Institute of Virology Center for Biosafety Mega-Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Hubei Wuhan 430071 China University of Chinese Academ. of Sciences Beijing 100049 China hubei Jiangxia Laboratory Hubei Wuhan 430200 China

Increasing evidences suggest that the m.thyltransferase NSUN2 catalyzes 5-m.thylcytosine (m.C) m.difications on viral RNAs, which are essential for the replication of various viruses. Despite the function of m.C deposition is well characterized, other potential roles of NSUN2 in regulating viral replication rem.in largely unknown. In this study, the m.C m.dified residues catalyzed by NSUN2 on enterovirus 71 (EV71) RNAs were m.pped. NSUN2, along with m.C m.difications, played m.ltiple roles during the EV71 life cycle. Functional m.C m.dified nucleotides increased the translational efficiency and stability of EV71 RNAs. Additionally, NSUN2 was found to target the viral protein VP1 for binding and prom.te its stability by inhibiting the ubiquitination. Furtherm.re, both viral replication and pathogenicity in m.ce were largely attenuated when functional m.C residues were m.tated. Taken together, this study characterizes distinct pathways m.diated by NSUN2 in regulating EV71 replication, and highlights the im.ortance of its catalyzed m.C m.difications on EV71 RNAs for the viral replication and pathogenicity. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： 5-m.thylcytosine Enterovirus 71 NSUN2 Pathogenicity Ubiquitination

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