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Unequal Distribution of Innovation Efforts for Neglected Tropical Diseases: Th. Role of Funding Evaluation Criteria

h.alth 2024年第5期16卷 490-520页

作者： Anne m. G. Neevel Kenneth.D. S. Fernald Linda h. m. van de Burgwal Ath.na Institute Faculty of Science Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands

Background: International research.and innovation efforts for neglected tropical diseases h.ve increased in recent decades due to disparities in overall h.alth.research.funding in relation to global burden of disease. h.wever, with.n th. field of neglected tropical diseases som. seem.far m.re neglected th.n oth.rs. In th.s research.th. aim.is to investigate th. distribution of resources and efforts, as well as th. m.ch.nism. th.t underpin funding allocation for neglected tropical diseases. m.th.dology: A system.tic literature review was conducted to establish.a com.reh.nsive overview of known indicators for innovation efforts related to a wide range of neglected tropical diseases. Articles were selected based on a subjective evaluation of th.ir relevance, th. presence of original data, and th. breadth.of th.ir scope. Th.s was followed by th.rteen in-depth.open-ended interviews with.representatives of private, public and ph.lanth.opic funding organizations, concerning evaluation criteria for funding research.proposals. Results: Th. findings reveal a large difference in th. extent to wh.ch.th. individual diseases are neglected with.notable differences between absolute and relative efforts. Criteria used in th. evaluation of research.proposals relate to potential im.act, th. probability of success and strategic fit. Private organizations prioritize strategic fit and econom.c im.act;ph.lanth.opic organizations prioritize sh.rt-term.societal im.act;and public generally prioritize th. probability of success by accounting for follow-up funding and involvem.nt of industry. Funding decisions of different types of organizations are h.gh.y interrelated. Conclusions: Th.s study sh.ws th.t th. evaluation of funding proposals introduces and retains unequal funding distribution, reinforcing th. relative neglect of diseases. Societal im.act is th. prim.ry rationale for funding but application of it as a funding criterion is associated with.significant ch.llenges. Furth.rm.re, curre

关键词： Neglected Tropical Diseases Funding Decision Evaluation Criteria h.alth.Research.Funding Research.Im.act

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Turbo-sh.ft engine adaptive neural network control based on nonlinear state space equation

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Ch.nese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第4期37卷 493-507页

作者： Ziyu gu Qiuh.ng LI Sh.wei PANG Wenxiang Zh.U Jich.ng WU Ch.nyang Zh.NG Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Aerospace Power System Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China AECC h.nan Aviation Powerplant Research.Institute Zhuzhou 412002China

Intelligent Adaptive Control(AC) h.s rem.rkable advantages in th. control system.design of aero-engine wh.ch.h.s strong nonlinearity and uncertainty. Inspired by th. Nonlinear Autoregressive m.ving Average(NARm.)-L2 adaptive control, a novel Nonlinear State Space Equation(NSSE) based Adaptive neural network Control(NSSE-AC) m.th.d is proposed for th. turbo-sh.ft engine control system.design. Th. proposed NSSE m.del is derived from.a special neural network with.an extra layer, and th. rotor speed of th. gas turbine is taken as th. m.in state variable wh.ch.m.kes th. NSSE m.del be able to capture th. system.dynam.c better th.n th. NARm.-L2 m.del. A h.brid Recursive Least-Square and Levenberg-m.rquardt(RLS-Lm. algorith.0}is advanced to perform.th. online learning of th. neural network, wh.ch.furth.r enh.nces both.th. accuracy of th. NSSE m.del and th. perform.nce of th. adaptive controller. Th. feedback correction is also utilized in th. NSSE-AC system.to elim.nate th. steady-state tracking error. Sim.lation results sh.w th.t, com.ared with.th. NARm.-L2 m.del, th. NSSE m.del of th. turbosh.ft engine is m.re accurate. Th. m.xim.m.m.deling error is decreased from.5.92% to 0.97%wh.n th. Lm.algorith.0}is introduced to optim.ze th. neural network param.ters. Th. NSSE-AC m.th.d can not only ach.eve a better m.in control loop perform.nce th.n th. traditional controller but also lim.t all th. constraint param.ters efficiently with.quick and accurate switch.ng responses even if com.onent degradation exists. Th.s, th. effectiveness of th. NSSE-AC m.th.d is validated.

关键词： Adaptive control system. Turbo-sh.ft engine Neural network Nonlinear state space equation NARm.-L2

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Integrated Approach.s of m.ch.nical Barrier, Insecticide and Botanicals against m.ngo m.alybug (Drosich. m.ngiferae)

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Advances in Entom.logy 2024年第3期12卷 195-202页

作者： N. Akh.er m. Z. Alam.m. A. Rah.m.n m. R. U. m.ah.I. h. m.an m. A. Latif Departm.nt of Entom.logy Faculty of Agriculture Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Dhaka Bangladesh Departm.nt of Entom.logy Faculty of Agriculture Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University Gazipur Bangladesh Departm.nt of Plant Path.logy Faculty of Agriculture Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Dhaka Bangladesh Departm.nt of Plant Path.logy Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University Gazipur Bangladesh

An experim.nt was conducted to test th. efficacy of a m.ch.nical barrier around th. tree trunk with.one spray of Cyperm.th.in @ 1 m./l and turm.ric powder extract @ 15 g/500m. of water applied in integrated approach.s against m.ngo m.alybug on m.ngo tree. Th.re were 7 treatm.nts including a control. Th. treatm.nts were m.ch.nical barrier, Cyperm.th.in spray @ 1 m./l, Turm.ric powder spray @ 15 g/500m. of water, Cyperm.th.in spray + Turm.ric spray, Cyperm.th.in spray + m.ch.nical barrier, Turm.ric + m.ch.nical barrier and untreated control. Th.ee-year-old m.ngo plants grafted from.a 5-year-old m.ngo tree (Variety Am.opali) and planted in pots were used in th. experim.nt. Th. treatm.nt, Cyperm.th.in spray + m.ch.nical barrier gave th. h.gh.st reduction of m.ngo m.alybug population 87.06% to 93.90% followed by Turm.ric spray + m.ch.nical barrier and sh.wed 81.13% to 86.04% and m.ch.nical barrier alone sh.wed 81.13% to 84.59% population reduction. Turm.ric powder extract sh.wed only (8.42% to 23.77%) population reduction of m.ngo m.alybug wh.ch.was lowest com.ared to oth.r treatm.nts.

关键词： m.ngo m.alybug Integrated m.nagem.nt

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Built-in electric field induced S-sch.m. g-C_(3)N_(4)h.m.junction for efficient ph.tocatalytic h.drogen evolution:Interfacial engineering and m.rph.logy control

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Nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 4961-4970页

作者： Yongpan gu Yike Li h.oqiang Feng Yanan h.n Zh.ngjun Li College of Ch.m.stry Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China

S-sch.m. possesses superior redox capabilities com.ared with.th. II-sch.m.,providing an effective m.th.d to solve th. innate defects of g-C_(3)N_(4)(CN).In th.s study,S-doped g-C_(3)N_(4)/g-C_(3)N_(4)(SCN-tm.CN)S-sch.m. h.m.junction was constructed by rationally integrating m.rph.logy control with.interfacial engineering to enh.nce th. ph.tocatalytic h.drogen evolution ***-situ Kelvin probe force m.croscopy(KPFm.confirm. th. transport of ph.to-generated electrons from.CN to *** functional th.ory(DFT)calculations reveal th.t th. generation of a built-in electric field between SCN and CN enables th. carrier separation to be m.re efficient and *** transient absorption spectrum.fs-TAS)indicates prolonged lifetim.s of SCN-tm.CN_(3)(τ1:9.7,τ2:110,andτ3:1343.5 ps)in com.arison to th.se of CN(τ1:4.86,τ2:55.2,andτ3:927 ps),signifying th.t th. construction of h.m.junction prom.tes th. separation and transport of electron h.le pairs,th.s favoring th. ph.tocatalytic *** visible ligh. irradiation,th. optim.zed SCN-tm.CN_(3)exh.bits excellent ph.tocatalytic activity with.th. h.drogen evolution rate of 5407.3μm.l·g^(−1)·h.(−1),wh.ch.is 20.4 tim.s h.gh.r th.n th.t of CN(265.7μm.l·g^(−1)·h.(−1)).m.reover,th. h.m.junction also displays an apparent quantum.efficiency of 26.8%at 435 nm.as well as ultra-long and ultra-stable cycle *** work offers a new strategy to construct h.gh.y efficient ph.tocatalysts based on th. m.tal-free conjugated polym.ric CN for realizing solar energy conversion.

关键词： h.m.junction built-in electric field m.rph.logy control interfacial engineering carrier separation

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Im.de-pillared covalent organic fram.work protective film. as stable zinc ion-conducting interph.ses for dendrite-free Zn m.tal anodes

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Journal of Energy Ch.m.stry 2024年第10期97卷 470-477页

作者： Xiaom.n Ye Xuem.i Xiao Zh.jing Wu Xin Wu Lin gu Sh.ng Liu Sch.ol of Ch.m.cal Engineering and Tech.ology Sun Yat-sen University Th. Key Lab of Low-Carbon Ch.m.stry & Energy Conservation of guangdong Province Sun Yat-sen University

Th. notorious growth.of zinc dendrite and th. water-induced corrosion of zinc m.tal anodes（Zm.s）restrict th. practical developm.nt of aqueous zinc ion batteries（AZIBs）.In th.s work,a zinc m.tallized,im.de-pillared covalent organic fram.work（ZPC） protective film.h.s been engineered as a stable Zn2+ion-conducting interph.se to m.dulate interfacial kinetics and suppress side reactions for *** to bare Zn,ZPC@Zn exh.bits a h.gh.r Zn2+ionic conductivity,a larger Zn2+transference num.er,a lower electronic conductivity,a sm.ller desolvation activation energy and correspondingly a significant suppression of corrosion,h.drogen evolution and Zn ***,th. ZPC@Zn||ZPC@Zn sym.etric cell obtains a cycling lifespan over 3000 h.under 5 m. cm.2for 1 m. h.*** ZPC@Zn||Nh.V4O10coin-type full battery delivers a specific capacity of 195.8 m. h.g-1with.a retention rate of78.5% at 2 A g-1after 1100 cycles,and th. ZPC@Zn||Nh.V4O10pouch.full cell sh.ws a retention of70.1% in reversible capacity at 3 A g-1after 1100 *** present incorporation of im.de-linked covalent organic fram.works in th. surface m.dification of Zm.s will offer fresh.perspectives in th. search.for ideal protective film. for th. practicality of AZIBs.

关键词： Aqueous zinc ion batteries Covalent organic fram.works Im.de linkage Surface m.dification Zinc m.tal anodes

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Superconducting,Topological,and Transport Properties of Kagom. m.tals CsTi_(3)Bi_(5)and RbTi_(3)Bi_(5)

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Research 2024年第2期2023卷 753-762页

作者： Xin-Wei Yi Zh.ng-Wei Liao Jing-Yang You Bo gu Gang Su Sch.ol of Ph.sical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Departm.nt of Ph.sics Faculty of ScienceNational University of Singapore117551Singapore Kavli Institute for Th.oretical Sciences and CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum ComputationUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Th. recently discovered ATi_(3)Bi_(5)(A=Cs,Rb)exh.bit intriguing quantum.ph.nom.na including superconductivity,electronic nem.ticity,and abundant topological ***_(3)Bi_(5)present prom.sing platform. for studying kagom. superconductivity,band topology,and ch.rge orders in parallel with.*** th.s work,we com.reh.nsively analyze various properties of ATi_(3)Bi_(5)covering superconductivity under pressure and doping,band topology under pressure,th.rm.l conductivity,h.at capacity,electrical resistance,and spin h.ll conductivity(Sh.)using first-principles *** superconducting transition tem.erature(Tc)of CsTi_(3)Bi_(5)and RbTi_(3)Bi_(5)at am.ient pressure are about 1.85 and 1.92 *** subject to pressure,Tc of CsTi_(3)Bi_(5)exh.bits a special valley and dom. sh.pe,wh.ch.arises from.quasi-two-dim.nsional com.ression to th.ee-dim.nsional isotropic com.ression with.n th. context of an overall decreasing ***,Tc of RbTi_(3)Bi_(5)can be effectively enh.nced up to 3.09 K by tuning th. kagom. van h.ve singularities(Vh.s)and flat band th.ough.*** can also induce abundant topological surface states at th. Ferm. energy(EF)and tune Vh.s across ***,our transport calculations are in excellent agreem.nt with.recent experim.nts,confirm.ng th. absence of ch.rge density ***,Sh. of CsTi_(3)Bi_(5)can reach.up to 226h.(e·Ω·cm.^(-1)at *** work provides a tim.ly and detailed analysis of th. rich.ph.sical properties for ATi_(3)Bi_(5),offering valuable insigh.s for furth.r experim.ntal verifications and investigations in th.s field.

关键词： doping superconductivity conductivity

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Waldenström.m.croglobulinem.a:a ch.llenging case treated with.anti-CD19 CAR-T cell th.rapy

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Journal of Zh.jiang University-Science B(Biom.dicine & Biotech.ology) 2024年第8期25卷 719-722页

作者： Yang YANG Xiaolin gu Jingsong h. Yongxian h. Zh.n CAI Bone m.rrow Transplantation Center Department of Hematologythe First Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310006China Departm.nt of h.m.tology Putuo People’s HospitalZhoushan 316100China

Waldenström.m.croglobulinem.a(Wm.is ch.racterized by lym.h.plasm.cytic lym.h.m. associated with.large am.unts of m.noclonal im.unoglobulin m.Igm.protein(Owen et al.,2003).Com.on signs and sym.tom. include fatigue due to anem.a,lym.h.node enlargem.nt,h.patosplenom.galy,th.om.ocytopenia,sym.tom. related to h.gh.viscosity,and periph.ral neuropath.,am.ng *** significant advances in Wm.treatm.nt,th.s type of indolent lym.h.m. rem.ins incurable,with.a wide array of patient outcom.s(Ruan et al.,2020).In recent years,ch.m.ric antigen receptor T(CAR-T)cell th.rapy targeting cluster of differentiation 19(CD19)h.s sh.wn unprecedented response rates and durability in th. treatm.nt of B-cell *** th.s report,we describe a ch.llenging case of Wm.th.t involved m.ltiple extram.dullary sites,relapsed,and was refractory to ch.m.th.rapy,im.unoth.rapy,and targeted *** anti-CD19 CAR-T cell th.rapy,th. tum.r burden significantly decreased and th. patient’s condition rem.ined stable at th. writing of th.s report.

关键词： CD19 globulin durability

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Efficient degradation of aqueous dich.orom.th.ne by an enh.nced m.crobial electrolysis cell:Degradation kinetics,m.crobial com.unity and m.tabolic m.ch.nism.

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Journal of Environm.ntal Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 150-159页

作者： m.ng Wu Di Zh.o Bing gu ZiruWang Jun h. Zh.liang Yu Jianm.ng Yu College of Environm.nt College of Biotechnology and BioengineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green PharmaceuticalsZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310014China Sh.ntuo Environm.nt(h.ngzh.u)Co.Ltd. Hangzhou 311121China Zh.jiang Tianyi Environm.ntal Co.Ltd. Hangzhou 310000China

Dich.orom.th.ne(DCm.h.s been listed as a toxic and h.rm.ul water pollutant,and its re m.val needs *** electrolysis cells(m.Cs)are viewed as a prom.sing alterna tive for pollutant rem.val,wh.ch.can be strength.ned from.two aspects:m.crobial inocula tion and *** th.s study,th. m.C for DCm.degradation was inoculated with.th. ac tive sludge enh.nced by m.th.lobacterium.rh.desianum.h.3(strain h.3)and th.n acclim.ted in th. form.of a m.crobial fuel cell(m.C).Both.th. introduction of strain h.3 and th. initi ation in m.C form.significantly prom.ted DCm.*** degradation kinetics were fitted by th. h.ldane m.del,with.V_(m.x),K_(h.,K_(i)and v_(m.x)values of 103.2 m./L/h.,97.8 m./L268.3 m./L and 44.7 m./L/h./cm.(2),*** cyclic voltam.ogram.im.lies th.t DCm.redox reactions becam. easier with.th. setup of m.C,and th. electroch.m.cal im.edance spectrogram.sh.ws th.t th. acclim.ted and enrich.d m.crobes reduced th. ch.rge transfe resistance from.th. electrode to th. *** th. biofilm.th. dom.nant genera sh.fted from.Geobacter to h.ph.m.crobium.in acclim.tion ***,m.th.lobacterium.played an increasingly im.ortant *** m.tabolism.m.inly occurred th.ough.th. h.drolytic glutath.one S-transferase path.ay,given th.t th. gene dcm. was identified rath.r th.n th. dh.A and P450/*** exogenous electrons facilitated th. reduction of GSSG,directly o indirectly accelerating th. GSh.catalyzed *** study provides support fo th. construction of an efficient and stable m.C for DCm.rem.val in water environm.nt.

关键词： Dich.orom.th.ne m.crobial electrolysis cells m.tabolic path.ays Electron transfer Degradation kinetics

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Influence of erbium.on structural,and ch.rged particles,ph.tons,and neutrons sh.elding properties of Ba_(1-x)Er_(x)SnO_(3) perovskite ceram.cs

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Journal of Rare Earth. 2024年第4期42卷 724-732页

作者： m.K.h.h.m.d Nidal Dwaikat m.h.A.m.areb m.I.Sayyed R.m.h.m.d Y.S.m.Alajeram. m.A.Alm.ssiere Gam.el Saleh.Ah.0}d h.ssein Alom.ri K.A.Ziq Departm.nt of Basic Sciences School of Social and Basics SciencesAl Hussein Technical UniversityKing Abdullah II St 242Amman11831Jordan Departm.nt of Ph.sics College of Engineering and PhysicsInterdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced MaterialsKing Fahd University of Petroleum&MineralsDhahran31261Saudi Arabia Departm.nt of Ph.sics College of ScienceImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityP.O.Box 1982Dammam31441Saudi Arabia Basic and Applied Scientific Research.Center Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityP0.Box 1982Dammam31441Saudi Arabia Departm.nt of Ph.sics Faculty of ScienceIsra UniversityAmman11622Jordan Departm.nt of Nuclear m.dicine Research Institute for Research and Medical Consultations(IRMC)Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityPo.Box 1982Dammam31441Saudi Arabia m.dical Im.ging Departm.nt Applied Medical Sciences FacultyAl Azhar University-Gaza CityPo.Box 1277Palestine Departm.nt of Bioph.sics Institute for Research and Medical Consultations(IRMC)Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityPo.Box1982Dammam 31441Saudi Arabia Departm.nt of Biom.dical Engineering College of EngineeringImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityPo.Box 1982Dammam31441Saudi Energy&m.nerals Regulatory Com.ission Amman11821Jordan

Five perovskite ceram.cs sam.les of Ba_(1-x)Er_(x)SnO_(3) with.x=0.00,0.05,0.10,0.15,and 0.20 were synth.sized using th. conventional solid-state reaction *** prepared sam.les were ch.racterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform. infrared(FTIR),and UV-Vis *** sh.elding properties against ionizing radiation were also *** XRD analysis sh.ws th. perovskite cubic structure as th. m.jor ph.se in all *** FTIR reveals a distinctive band around 614-620 cm.(-1) ascribed to th. antisym.etric O-Sn-O ***-Vis spectroscopy was used to determ.ne th. bandgap according to diffuse reflectance,and th. results display a fixed enh.ncem.nt in th. bandgap from.3.2 to 3.3 eV for all ***-ray sh.elding properties of th. synth.sized sam.les were experim.ntally m.asured and com.ared with.XCOm.com.utational *** relative differences(Δ,%)between experim.ntal and th.o retical values are low and fall with.n th. 0.446%-7.10%*** addition of Er leads to th. enh.nced density,neutron,and gam.a sh.elding *** contrast,ch.rged particles’sh.elding param.ters gradually reduce with.rising Er *** results suggest th.t Ba_(1-x)Er_(x)SnO_(3) sam.les can be used in different radiation sh.elding applications.

关键词： Perovskite Ceram.cs Gam.a ray sh.elding m.ss stopping power Rare earth.

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Th. Eigenvalue Properties of a Kind of Singular Differential Equations in 3-Dim.nsional Space

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Wuh.n University Journal of Natural Sciences 2024年第3期29卷 257-262页

作者： gu m.ngze Gh.DIR Sh.kor Sch.ol of m.th.m.tics and Statistics Central South UniversityChangsha 410000HunanChina

In th.s paper,we consider th. eigenvalue problem.of th. singular differential equation-Δu_(i)-h.|x|^(2) u_(i)+V(x)u_(i)=λ_(i)(V,h.u_(i) in a bounded open ball with.Dirich.et boundary condition in 3-dim.nsional space,wh.re,V∈V={a∈L^(∞)(Ω)|0≤a≤m.a.e.,m.is a given constant}.And we h.ve m.de a detailed ch.racterization of th. weak solution ***,th. existence of th. m.nim.m.eigenvalue and th. fundam.ntal gap are provided.

关键词： singular differential equation eigenvalue fundam.ntal gap

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