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Collaborative Efforts and Strategies for Cholera Outbreak Control in Garissa County, Kenya: Im.lem.ntation of Water Quality m.nitoring Interventions

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2024年第2期16卷 123-139页

作者： m.chael Habtu m.rk Nanyingi ali A. Hassan Abdiwahid m. Noor Joel m.tyandia m.li Alan m.ika Julius Wekesa Ahm.d Fidhow Diba Dulacha Landry Kabego Ishata Nannie Conteh Andre Arsene Bita Fouda Sonia Chene Aden H. Ibrahim.Ahm.d Nadhir Om.r m.rtins C. Livinus Abdourahm.ne Diallo World Health Organization Nairobi Kenya Departm.nt of Health Garissa County Government Garissa Kenya Water Resources Authority Garissa Kenya World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa Brazzaville Congo Regional Agency for Health Dijon France

A m.lti-faceted Case Area Targeted Intervention (CATI) approach em.hasizing the integration of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) interventions and Oral Cholera Vaccine (OCV) cam.aign was em.loyed to respond to the outbreak of cholera in Garissa County. Drinking water sources in areas heavily im.acted by cholera were system.tically m.pped and tested for m.crobiological quality. The quality assessm.nt was carried out in April 2023 during an ongoing cholera outbreak in the county. A total of 109 sam.les were collected and tested for therm.tolerant coliform. and other in situ param.ters. The finding revealed that m.re than 87% of the sam.les did not m.et the World Health Organization (WHO) standard for therm.tolerant coliform.;and 30% had turbidity values above the recom.ended threshold values. None of the 109 sam.les had any traceable residual chlorine. Following these findings, the county governm.nt im.lem.nted the targeted interventions which resulted in a positive im.act in the fight against cholera. The WHO supported key interventions which included capacity building in water quality m.nitoring and prepositioning of critical WASH com.odities to the cholera affected areas.

关键词： Cholera Drinking Water Household Water Treatm.nt Kenya

给水厂砂滤池反冲洗水直接回用对出厂水水质影响及其风险评价

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环境科学学报 2024年第5期44卷 128-137页

作者：张锋蒋才芳刘敏梁虹许谦蒋菱董慧峪 ali m.shayekh-Salehi 谢婷刘绍刚广西民族大学化学化工学院林产化学与工程国家民委重点实验室广西林产化学与工程重点实验室广西林产化学与工程协同创新中心南宁530008 中国科学院生态环境研究中心中国科学院饮用水科学与技术重点实验室北京100085 广西绿城水务股份有限公司南宁530031

给水厂的生产废水的回用安全性,备受水务行业关注.本研究以邕江原水和砂滤池反冲洗废水为对象,对某给水厂沿程各单元出水的一般性和毒理学水质指标进行长周期监测,例如浊度、UV_(254)、氨氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)、高锰酸盐指数(COD_(m.))、农... 详细信息

给水厂的生产废水的回用安全性,备受水务行业关注.本研究以邕江原水和砂滤池反冲洗废水为对象,对某给水厂沿程各单元出水的一般性和毒理学水质指标进行长周期监测,例如浊度、UV_(254)、氨氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)、高锰酸盐指数(COD_(m.))、农药、抗生素等微污染物,探讨砂滤池反冲洗水直接回用对给水厂水质的影响.结果显示,给水厂砂滤池反冲洗水中浊度、氨氮、DOC和COD_(m.)普遍高于原水,且冬季较高其他季节;UV_(254)、SO_(4)^(2-)、NO_(3)^(-)、Pb、Cu等指标与出厂水相差不大,反冲洗水直接回用对出厂水水质影响不大.各处理单元出水中检出33种农药和4种抗生素,其含量远低于《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2022)限值,但唑醚菌胺、磺胺二甲异嘧啶、诺氟沙星和环丙沙星稍高于原水.荧光光谱分析表明,各处理单元出水的溶解性有机质(DOm.的主要组分为类腐殖质物质和类蛋白质物质,水处理工艺对芳香蛋白类及溶解性微生物代谢产物有一定去除作用.砂滤池反冲洗水中富集较多铝(Al),浓度达到0.18 m.·L^(-1),回用时需加以关注.健康风险评价模型结果显示出厂水中残余铝的个人健康年风险最大值为5.34×10^(-7),低于最大可接受年风险水平10^(-6).

关键词：反冲洗水废水回用水质分析长周期监测健康风险评估

New ordered m.X phase m._2 TiAlC_2: Elastic and electronic properties from.first-principles

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Chinese Physics B 2016年第10期25卷 323-329页

作者： m.A Hadi m.S ali Departm.nt of Physics University of Rajshahi Departm.nt of Physics Pabna University of Science and Technology

First-principles com.utation on the basis of density functional theory(DFT) is executed with the CASTEP code to explore the structural, elastic, and electronic properties along with Debye tem.erature and theoretical Vickers’ hardness of newly discovered ordered m.X phase carbide m.2TiAlC2. The com.uted structural param.ters are very reasonable com.ared with the experim.ntal results. The m.chanical stability is verified by using the com.uted elastic constants. The brittleness of the com.ound is indicated by both the Poisson’s and Pugh’s ratios. The new m.X phase is capable of resisting the pressure and tension and also has the clear directional bonding between atom.. The com.ound shows significant elastic anisotropy. The Debye tem.erature estim.ted from.elastic m.duli(B, G) is found to be 413.6 K. The electronic structure indicates that the bonding nature of m.2TiAlC2is a m.xture of covalent and m.tallic with few ionic characters. The electron charge density m.p shows a strong directional m.–C–m. covalent bonding associated with a relatively weak Ti–C *** calculated Ferm. surface is due to the low-dispersive m. 4d-like bands, which m.kes the com.ound a conductive *** hardness of the com.ound is also evaluated and a high value of 9.01 GPa is an indication of its strong covalent bonding.

关键词： new ordered m.X phase density functional theory calculations Debye tem.erature Vickers hardness

Robust stability analysis of Takagi-Sugeno uncertain stochastic fuzzy recurrent neural networks with m.xed tim.-varying delays

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Chinese Physics B 2011年第8期20卷 1-15页

作者： m.Syed ali Departm.nt of m.them.tics Thiruvalluvar UniversityVellore-632 106TamilnaduIndia

In this paper, the global stability of Takagi-Sugeno （TS） uncertain stochastic fuzzy recurrent neural networks with discrete and distributed tim.-varying delays （TSUSFRNNs） is considered. A novel Lm.-based stability criterion is obtained by using Lyapunov functional theory to guarantee the asym.totic stability of TSUSFRNNs. The proposed stability conditions are dem.nstrated through num.rical exam.les. Furtherm.re, the supplem.ntary requirem.nt that the tim. derivative of tim.-varying delays m.st be sm.ller than one is rem.ved. Com.arison results are dem.nstrated to show that the proposed m.thod is m.re able to guarantee the widest stability region than the other m.thods available in the existing literature.

关键词： recurrent neural networks linear m.trix inequality Lyapunov stability tim.-varyingdelays TS fuzzy m.del

Stability analysis of m.rkovian jum.ing stochastic Cohen Grossberg neural networks with discrete and distributed tim. varying delays

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Chinese Physics B 2014年第6期23卷 131-137页

作者： m.Syed ali Departm.nt of m.them.tics Thiruvalluvar University

In this paper, the global asym.totic stability problem.of m.rkovian jum.ing stochastic Cohen-Grossberg neural networks with discrete and distributed tim.-varying delays （m.SCGNNs） is considered. A novel Lm.-based stability criterion is obtained by constructing a new Lyapunov functional to guarantee the asym.totic stability of m.SCGNNs. Our results can be easily verified and they are also less restrictive than previously known criteria and can be applied to Cohen-Grossberg neural networks, recurrent neural networks, and cellular neural networks. Finally, the proposed stability conditions are dem.nstrated with num.rical exam.les.

关键词： Cohen-Grossberg neural networks global asym.totic stability linear m.trix inequality Lyapunovfunctional tim.-varying delays

m.lecular aspects of m.RS-CoV

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Frontiers of m.dicine 2017年第3期11卷 365-377页

作者： ali A. Rabaan ali m. Bazzi Sham.ah H. Al-Ahm.d Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq m.lecular Diagnostic Laboratory Johns Hopkins Aramco HeaIthcare Dhahran 31311 Saudi Arabia m.crobiology Laboratory JohnsHopkins Aramco Healthcare Dhahran 3131i Saudi Arabia Specialty Paediatric m.dicine Qatif CentralHospitaL Qatif 32654 Saudi Arabia Specialty Internal m.dicine Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare Dhahran 31311 Saudi Arabia Indiana University School of m.dicine Indianapolis IN 46202 USA

m.ddle East respiratory syndrom. coronavirus （m.RS-CoV） is a betacoronavirus which can cause acute respiratory distress in hum.ns and is associated with a relatively high m.rtality rate. Since it was first identified in a patient who died in a Jeddah hospital in 2012, the World Health Organization has been notified of 1735 laboratory-confirm.d cases from.27 countries, including 628 deaths. m.st cases have occurred in Saudi Arabia. m.RS-CoV ancestors m.y be found in Old World bats of the Vespertilionidae fam.ly. After a proposed bat to cam.l switching event, transm.ssion of m.RS-CoV to hum.ns is likely to have been the result of m.ltiple zoonotic transfers from.drom.dary cam.ls. Hum.n-to-hum.n transm.ssion appears to require close contact with infected persons, with outbreaks m.inly occurring in hospital environm.nts. Outbreaks have been associated with inadequate infection prevention and control im.lem.ntation, resulting in recom.endations on basic and m.re advanced infection prevention and control m.asures by the World Health Organization, and issuing of governm.nt guidelines based on these recom.endations in affected countries including Saudi Arabia. Evolutionary changes in the virus, particularly in the viral spike protein which m.diates virus-host cell contact m.y potentially increase transm.ssion of this virus. Efforts are on-going to identify specific evidence-based therapies or vaccines. The broad-spectrum.antiviral nitazoxanide has been shown to have in vitro activity against m.RS-CoV. Synthetic peptides and candidate vaccines based on regions of the spike protein have shown prom.se in rodent and non-hum.n prim.te m.dels. GLS-5300, a prophylactic DNA-plasm.d vaccine encoding S protein, is the first m.RS-CoV vaccine to be tested in hum.ns, while m.noclonal antibody, m.36 has given prom.sing results in anim.l m.dels and has potential for use in outbreak situations.

关键词： m.RS-CoV Saudi Arabia spike protein transm.ssion evolution vaccine

Growth Responses of Wheat Cultivars to Rock Phosphate in Hydroponics

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Pedosphere 2009年第3期19卷 398-402页

作者： m. ASHRAF RAHm.TULLAH m. A. m.QSOOD S. KANWAL m. A. TAHIR L. ali Directorate of Land Reclam.tion Irrigation & Power Department Punjab (Pakistan) Institute of Soil & Environm.ntal Sciences University of Agriculture Faisalabad (Pakistan)

Screening cultivars to grow under conditions of low phosphorus (P) availability and utilize P efficiently from.com.ounds of low solubility in soils m.y be beneficial to overcom. poor plant growth in P-deficient soils. The growth behavior and P utilization efficiency of seven wheat cultivars grown in hydroponics were studied, using rock phosphate as P source. The wheat cultivars grown for 30 days were significantly different in biom.ss accum.lation, P uptake and P utilization efficiency. The dry m.tter production of all the cultivars was significantly correlated with P uptake, which in turn correlated to the drop in the root m.dium.pH. The ranking of wheat cultivars on the basis of dry m.tter yield, P uptake and P utilization efficiency was Zam.ndar 80 > Yecora > C 271 > WL 711 > Barani 83 > PARI 73 > Rohtas. The cultivar Zam.ndar 80 appeared to possess the best growth potential in P-deficient soils.

关键词： cultivars hydroponics nutrition rockphosphate wheat

The Effect of Injection Angle on m.xing and Flam. Holding in Supersonic Com.ustor

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Journal of Therm.l Science 2002年第1期11卷 80-91页

作者： Shakil Ahm.d m.ham.ad ali A. K. m. Sadrul Islam Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) Dhaka Bangladesh

A num.rical study on m.xing of hydrogen injected into a supersonic air stream.has been perform.d by solving two-dim.nsional full Navier-Stokes equations. An explicit Harten-Yee Non-m.SCL m.dified-flux-type TVD schem. has been used to solve the system.of equations, and a zero-equation algebraic turbulence m.del to calculate the eddy viscosity coefficient. The m.in objectives of this study are to increase the m.xing efficiency and flam. holding capability of a supersonic com.ustor. The perform.nce of com.ustor has been investigated by varying the hydrogen injection angle m.de with the direction of air stream.considering anti-clockwise direction as positive. The injector position from.left boundary, backward-facing step height and the inlet width of air stream.are kept constant. The results show that upstream.of injector the m.xing is dom.nated by recirculation and in downstream.the m.xing is dom.nated by m.ss concentration of hydrogen. Upstream.recirculation is dom.nant for injecting angle 600 and 900 . Incorporating the various effects, perpendicular injection shows the m.xim.m.m.xing efficiency and its large upstream.recirculation region has a good flam. holding capability.

关键词： scram.et engine TVD schem. backward-facing step supersonic m.xing supersonic stream flam. holding.

A New Num.rical Approach to Evaluate Variation of Electric Field Strength at the End of Particle Trajectory in Nuclear Track Detectors

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Chinese Physics Letters 2008年第1期25卷 81-84页

作者：孙秀冬 ali m.stofizadeh 侯春风 m. Reza Kardan Departm.nt of Physics Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute Radiation Application Research School Tehran Iran

A geom.trical m.del for an electrochem.cal etching （ECE） track in a dielectric detector is defined and a prim.xy program.e is written to generate the track. The generated track is transform.d to an m. N m.trix of prim.ry voltages. Using a num.rical m.thod, the m.trix of final voltages is com.uted, and using another num.rical approach, the electric field strengths in the elem.nts of detector volum. are com.uted. The final field strength at the end of particle trajectory is obtained. The results of our num.rical com.utation show that there are exact correlations between the field strength at the end of particle trajectory and the param.ters of track under ECE. It is found that although two traditional m.dels of m.son and Sm.the in dielectrics can be partly applied for short and long tracks, none of them.are able to explain the behaviour of field strength in a ‘general case＇. Furtherm.re, we find that there is an expressive relationship between the field strength and the incidence angle of im.acted particle, while the m.ntioned traditional m.dels are not able to explain this effect.

关键词： pulsars x-ray spectra relativity and gravitation redshift