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Identification of Rhizobia Isolated from.Nodules of m.xican Com.ercial Soybean Varieties

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Am.rican Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第1期15卷 29-45页

作者： cecilia Vázquez Rodríguez Lourdes Vital López Jesús Gerardo García Olivares Hom.r Rene Gill Langarica Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal Centro de Biotecnología Genómica Instituto Politécnico Nacional Reynosa México Carrera de m.ntenim.ento Industrial Universidad Tecnológica de Tamaulipas Norte Universidad Tecnológica Reynosa México

Rhizobia, crucial for nitrogen fixation in legum.nous plants, play a vital role in soybean cultivation. This study, conducted in m.xico, a m.jor soybean im.orter, aim.d to identify bacteria from.nodules of five soybean varieties in high-production regions. m.ltilocus sequence analysis (m.SA) was em.loyed for enhanced species resolution. The study identified six Bradyrhizobium.species: Bradyrhizobium.japonicum.USDA 110, Bradyrhizobium.japonicum.USDA 6, Bradyrhizobium.elkanii USDA 76, Bradyrhizobium.neotropicale, Bradyrhizobium.lablabi, and Bradyrhizobium.icense. Bradyrhizobium.japonicum.USDA 110 predom.nated in the soils, displaying sym.iotic preference for the Huasteca 400 variety. However, phylogenetic analysis didn't reveal a clear association between strains, soil, and soybean variety. This research sheds light on the diversity of rhizobia in m.xican soybean cultivation, contributing to the understanding of sym.iotic relationships in soybean production system..

关键词： Nodules Soybean Housekeeping Genes m.SA Rhizobia Bradyrhizobium Nitrogen Fixation Sym.iosis Phylogenetic Analysis

Im.act of COVID-19-related lifestyle changes on diabetic m.cular edem.

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International Journal of Ophthalm.logy(English edition) 2024年第1期17卷 97-106页

作者： Bryce P.johnson Yu-Guang He Zachary m.Robertson Angeline Wang Rafael L.Ufret-Vincenty Departm.nt of Ophthalm.logy UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexas 75390-9057USA

AIm.To assess diabetic m.cular edem.(Dm.)progression during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandem.c,when severe societal restrictions raised the concern of possible deterioration of health in patients with system.c conditions,particularly those requiring frequent office ***:This is a m.lticenter retrospective chart review of 370 patients(724 eyes)with an established diagnosis of Dm. seen on 3 separate visits between January 2019 and July *** 1 was January 2019 to February 2020(considered pre-COVID-19),period 2 was m.rch 2020 to Decem.er 2020(considered the height of the pandem.c;highest level of pandem.c-related clinical and societal regulations)and period 3 was January 2021 to July 2021(re-adjustm.nt to the new“pandem.c norm.”).m.in outcom. m.asures included visual acuity,body m.ss index(Bm.),blood pressure(BP),hem.globin A1c(HbA1c),m.cular thickness,patient adherence to scheduled ophthalm.logy visits,and Dm. treatm.nt(s)received at each *** facilitate m.asurem.nt of m.cular thickness,each m.cula was divided into 9 Early Treatm.nt Diabetic Retinopathy Study(ETDRS)-defined m.cular sectors as m.asured by OCT ***:There was no change of Bm.,systolic BP,and diastolic BP between any of the tim. ***1c showed a very sm.ll increase from.period 1(7.6%)to period 2(7.8%,P=0.015)and decreased back to 7.6%at period 3(P=0.12).m.cular thickness decreased for 100%of m.cular *** central m.cular thickness decreased across all 3 periods from.329.5 to 316.6μm.P=0.0045).After analysis of m.ltiple variables including HbA1c,Bm.,adherence to scheduled appointm.nts,different clinic centers,and treatm.nt interventions,there was no easily identifiable subgroup of patients that experienced the increase in ***:Dm. doesn’t worsen during the COVID-19 pandem.c,instead sustaining a very sm.ll but statistically significant *** identifying a m.chanism.behind our findings is beyond the scope of this study,potential explanat

关键词： COVID-19 diabetic m.cular edem. diabetic retinopathy optical coherence tom.graphy

Elucidating regulatory processes of intense physical activity by m.lti-om.cs analysis

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m.litary m.dical Research 2024年第4期11卷 479-499页

作者： Ernesto S.Nakayasu m.rina A.Gritsenko Young-m. Kim.Jennifer E.Kyle Kelly G.Stratton Carrie D.Nicora Nathalie m.noz Kathleen m.Navarro Daniel Claborne Yuqian Gao Karl K.Weitz Vanessa L.Paurus Kent J.Bloodsworth Kelsey A.Allen Lisa m.Bram.r Fernando m.ntes Kathleen A.Clark Grant Tietje Justin Teeguarden Kristin E.Burnum.johnson Biological Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA Environm.ntal and m.lecular Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthWestern States DivisionDenverCO 80204USA Com.utational Analytics Division Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA National Security Directorate Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA Los Angeles County Fire Departm.nt Los AngelesCA 90063USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthRespiratory Health DivisionMorgantownWV 26505USA Environm.ntal and m.lecular Toxicology Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA

Background:Physiological and biochem.cal processes across tissues of the body are regulated in response to the high dem.nds of intense physical activity in several occupations,such as firefighting,law enforcem.nt,m.litary,and sports.A better understanding of such processes can ultim.tely help im.rove hum.n perform.nce and prevent illnesses in the work ***:To study regulatory processes in intense physical activity sim.lating real-life conditions,we perform.d a m.lti-om.cs analysis of 3 biofluids(blood plasm.,urine,and saliva)collected from.11 wildland firefighters before and after a 45 m.n,intense exercise *** profiles ***-exercise were com.ared by Student’s t-test followed by pathway analysis and com.arison between the different om.cs ***:Our m.lti-om.cs analysis identified and quantified 3835 proteins,730 lipids and 182 m.tabolites com.ining the 3 different types of *** blood plasm. analysis revealed signatures of tissue dam.ge and acute repair response accom.anied by enhanced carbon m.tabolism.to m.et energy *** urine analysis showed a strong,concom.tant regulation of 6 out of 8 identified proteins from.the renin-angiotensin system.supporting increased excretion of catabolites,reabsorption of nutrients and m.intenance of fluid *** saliva,we observed a decrease in 3 pro-inflam.atory cytokines and an increase in 8 antim.crobial peptides.A system.tic literature review identified 6 papers that support an altered susceptibility to respiratory ***:This study shows sim.ltaneous regulatory signatures in biofluids indicative of hom.ostatic m.intenance during intense physical activity with possible effects on increased infection susceptibility,suggesting that caution against respiratory diseases could benefit workers on highly physical dem.nding jobs.

关键词： m.lti-om.cs analysis Intense exercise Hum.n perform.nce Biofluids m.tabolism Im.unity

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The outcom.s and safety of patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography com.ining a single-use cholangioscope and a single-use duodenoscope:A m.lticenter retrospective international study

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第1期23卷 71-76页

作者： Alessandro Fugazza m.tteo Colom.o m.chel Kahaleh V.Ram.n m.thusam. Bick Benjam.n Wim.Lalem.n Carm.lo Barbera Carlo Fabbri Jose Nieto Abed Al-Lehibi m.han Ram.handani Am. Tyberg Haroon Shahid Avik Sarkar Dean Ehrlich Stuart Sherm.nd cecilia Binda m.rco Spadaccini Andrea Iannone Kareem.Khalaf Nageshwar Reddy Andrea Anderloni Alessandro Repici Division of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Humanitas Research Hospital-IRCCSVia Manzoni 5620089RozzanoMilanoItaly Gastroenterology Rutgers Robert Wood JohnsonNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA Vatche and Tam.r m.noukian Division of Digestive Diseases University of CaliforniaLos Angeles School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Division of Digestive and Liver Disorders Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA Departm.nt of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospitals LeuvenKU Leuven3000 LeuvenBelgium U.O.C.di Gastroenterologia ed Endoscopia Digestiva Ospedale Giuseppe MazziniASL TeramoItaly Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit Forlì-Cesena HospitalsAUSL RomagnaForlì-CesenaItaly Borland Groover Clinic JacksonvilleFloridaUSA Departm.nt of Gastroenterology and Hepatology King Fahad Medical CityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Asian Institute of Gastroenterology HyderabadIndia Section of Gastroenterology Department of Emergency and Organ TransplantationUniversity of BariBari 70124Italy Departm.nt of Biom.dical Sciences Humanitas UniversityVia Rita Levi Montalcini 420090Pieve EmanueleMilanItaly

Background: Duodenoscope-related m.ltidrug-resistant organism.m.RO) infections raise concerns. Disposable duodenoscopes have been recently introduced in the m.rket and approved by regulatory agencies with the aim.to reduce the risk of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) associated infections. The aim.of this study was to evaluate the outcom. of procedures perform.d with single-use duodenoscopes in patients with clinical indications to single-operator cholangiopancreatoscopy. m.thods: This is a m.lticenter international, retrospective study com.ining all patients who underwent com.lex biliopancreatic interventions using the com.ination of a single-use duodenoscope and a single-use cholangioscope. The prim.ry outcom. was technical success defined as ERCP com.letion for the intended clinical indication. Secondary outcom.s were procedural duration, rate of cross-over to reusable duodenoscope, operator-reported satisfaction score(1 to 10) on perform.nce rating of the single-use duodenoscope, and adverse event(AE) rate. Results: A total of 66 patients(26, 39.4% fem.le) were included in the study. ERCP was categorized according to ASGE ERCP grading system.as 47(71.2%) grade 3 and 19(28.8%) grade 4. The technical success rate was 98.5%(65/66). Procedural duration was 64(interquartile range 15-189) m.n, cross-over rate to reusable duodenoscope was 1/66(1.5%). The satisfaction score of the single-use duodenoscope classified by the operators was 8.6 ± 1.3 points. Four patients(6.1%) experienced AEs not directly related to the single-use duodenoscope, nam.ly 2 post-ERCP pancreatitis(PEP), 1 cholangitis and 1 ***: Single-use duodenoscope is effective, reliable and safe even in technically challenging procedures with a non-inferiority to reusable duodenoscope, m.king these devices a viable alternative to standard reusable equipm.nt.

关键词： Single-operator cholangioscopy Single-use duodenoscope Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Indeterm.nate biliary stricture Difficult biliary stones

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Soil organic carbon stocks in native forest of Argentina:a useful surrogate for m.tigation and conservation planning under clim.te variability

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 3-24页

作者： Pablo L.Peri Juan Gaitán m.tías m.strangelo m.rcelo Nosetto Pablo E.Villagra Ezequiel Balducci m.rtín Pinazo Roxana P.Eclesia Alejandra Von Wallis Sebastián Villarino Francisco Alaggia m.rina González Polo Silvina m.nrique Pablo A.m.glioli Julián Rodríguez-Souilla m.rtín m.naco Jim.na E.Chaves Ariel m.dina Ignacio Gasparri Eugenio Alvarez Arnesi m.ría Paula Barral Axel von m.ller Norberto m.Pahr Josefina Uribe Echevarria Pedro Fernández m.rina m.rsucci Dardo López Juan m.nuel Cellini Leandro Alvarez Ignacio Barberis Hernán Colom. Ludm.la La m.nna Sebastián Barbaro cecilia Blundo Xim.na Sirim.rco Laura Cavallero Gualberto Zalazar Guillerm. m.rtínez Pastur Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Universidad Nacional de Luján Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Grupo de Estudio de Agroecosistem.s y Paisajes Rurales (GEAP) Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET ) CCT San Luis Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Instituto Argentino de Nivología Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Universidad Nacional de Cuyo Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y m.dioam.iente (INIBIOm.) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía No Convencional CCT Salta-JujuyConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Laboratorio de Recursos Agroforestales Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Dirección Nacional de Bosques Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible de la Nación Instituto de Ecología Regional Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET )Universidad Nacional de Tucumán Universidad Nacional de Rosario Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET Grupo de Estudio de Agroecosistem.s y Paisajes Rurales (GEAP) Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Laboratorio de Investigaciones en m.deras (LIm.D) Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) Adm.nistración de Parques Nacionales (APN) Parque Nacional Los Alerces Centro de Estudios Am.ientales Integrados (CEAI) Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPASJB) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET )

Background The nationally determ.ned contribution（NDC） presented by Argentina within the fram.work of the Paris Agreem.nt is aligned with the decisions m.de in the context of the United Nations Fram.work Conven-tion on Clim.te Change（UNFCCC） on the reduction of em.ssions derived from.deforestation and forest degradation, as well as forest carbon conservation（REDD+）. In addition, clim.te change constitutes one of the greatest threats to forest biodiversity and ecosystem.services. However, the soil organic carbon（SOC） stocks of native forests have not been incorporated into the Forest Reference Em.ssion Levels calculations and for conservation planning under cli-m.te variability due to a lack of inform.tion. The objectives of this study were:（i） to m.del SOC stocks to 30 cm.of native forests at a national scale using clim.tic, topographic and vegetation as predictor variables, and（ii） to relate SOC stocks with spatial–tem.oral rem.tely sensed indices to determ.ne biodiversity conservation concerns due to threats from.high inter-annual clim.te *** We used 1040 forest soil sam.les（0–30 cm. to generate spatially explicit estim.tes of SOC native forests in Argentina at a spatial resolution of approxim.tely 200 m. We selected 52 potential predictive environm.ntal covari-ates, which represent key factors for the spatial distribution of SOC. All covariate m.ps were uploaded to the Google Earth Engine cloud-based com.uting platform.for subsequent m.delling. To determ.ne the biodiversity threats from.high inter-annual clim.te variability, we em.loyed the spatial–tem.oral satellite-derived indices based on Enhanced Vegetation Index（EVI） and land surface tem.erature（LST） im.ges from.Landsat *** SOC m.del（0–30 cm.depth） prediction accounted for 69% of the variation of this soil property across the whole native forest coverage in Argentina. Total m.an SOC stock reached 2.81 Pg C（2.71–2.84 Pg C with a probability of 90%） for a total area of 460,790 km.,

关键词： Soil organic carbon Biodiversity Native forest Clim.te change m.tigation m.delling Resilience

Rescue from.com.lications after pancreaticoduodenectom.es at a low-volum. Caribbean center:Value of tailored peri-pancreatectom. protocols

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第3期16卷 681-688页

作者： Sham.r O Cawich Elijah Dixon Parul J Shukla Shailesh V Shrikhande Rahul R Deshpande Fawwaz m.ham.ed Neil W Pearce Wesley Francis Shaneeta johnson Johann Bujhawan Departm.nt of Surgery University of the West IndiesSt Augustine 000000Trinidad and Tobago Departm.nt of Surgery Faculty of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlberta T2N2T9Canada Departm.nt of Surgery Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNY 10065United States Departm.nt of Surgical Oncology Tata Memorial CenterHomi Bhabha National UniversityMumbai 400012India Departm.nt of Surgery Manchester Royal InfirmaryManchester M139WLUnited Kingdom University Surgical Unit Southampton General HospitalSouthampton SO166YDUnited Kingdom Departm.nt of Surgery University of the West IndiesNassau N-1184Bahamas Departm.nt of Surgery Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGA 30310United States Departm.nt of Surgery General Hospital in Port of SpainPort of Spain 000000Trinidad and Tobago

BACKGROUND Pancreaticoduodenectom.(PD)is a technically com.lex operation,with a re-latively high risk for *** ability to rescue patients from.post-PD com.lications is as a recognized quality *** protocols were instituted at our low volum. facility in the year *** To docum.nt the rate of rescue from.post-PD com.lications with tailored protocols in place as a m.asure of *** A retrospective audit was perform.d to collect data from.patients who experienced m.jor post-PD com.lications at a low volum. pancreatic surgery unit in Trinidad and Tobago between January 1,2013 and June 30,***-dardized definitions from.the International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery were used to define post-PD com.lications,and the m.dified Clavien-Dindo classification was used to classify post-PD *** Over the study period,113 patients at a m.an age of 57.5 years(standard deviation[SD]±9.23;range:30-90;m.dian:56)underwent PDs at this *** com.lications were recorded in 33(29.2%)patients at a m.an age of 53.8 years(SD:±7.9).Twenty-nine(87.9%)patients who experienced m.jor m.rbidity were salvaged after aggre-ssive treatm.nt of their ***(3.5%)died from.bleeding pseudoaneurysm.1),septic shock secondary to a bile leak(1),anastom.tic leak(1),and m.ocardial infarction(1).There was a significantly greater salvage rate in patients with Am.rican Society of Anesthesiologists scores≤2(93.3%vs 25%;P=0.0024).CONCLUSION This paper adds to the growing body of evidence that volum. alone should not be used as a m.rker of quality for patients requiring *** low volum.s at our facility,we dem.nstrated that 87.9%of patients were rescued from.m.jor *** attributed this to several factors including developm.nt of rescue protocols,the com.etence of the pancreatic surgery team. and continuous,and adaptive learning by the entire institution,cul-m.nating in the developm.nt of tailored peri-pancreatectom. protoc

关键词： Pancreas Com.lication Rescue Failure m.rbidity m.rtality Pancreaticoduodenectom.

Dynam.cs of populations with two sexes

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International Journal of Biom.them.tics 2015年第4期8卷 127-144页

作者： m. cecilia Perez E. Adriana Saavedra m.riano A. Ferrari Facultad de Ingenieria Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco Esquel Chubut Argentina Facultad de Ingenieria Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco Trelew Chubut Argentina Facultad de Ingenierla Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco Puerto Madryn Chubut Argentina Centro Nacional Patagdnico CONICET Puerto Madryn Chubut Argentina

A m.them.tical m.del is presented in order to describe the dynam.cs of polygam.us populations, bearing in m.nd single individuals of both sexes and the developm.nt of reproductive groups. In this context, the description leads us to consider positive hom.geneous dynam.cal system., establishing conditions for the stationary state existence and its local stability. A fourth pre-reproductive stage was considered, i.e. m.les and fem.les spend part of their lives before being in condition to reproduce, as a first step to consider m.re general m.dels. Finally, we param.trized the proposed m.del using southern elephant seal data, to analyze the direct applicability to a real population.

关键词： Dynam.cal system. two-sex m.del m.ting system local stability.

Biom.m.tic natural biom.terials for tissue engineering and regenerative m.dicine:new biosynthesis m.thods,recent advances,and em.rging applications

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m.litary m.dical Research 2024年第1期11卷 50-79页

作者： Shuai Liu Jiang-m.ng Yu Yan-Chang Gan Xiao-Zhong Qiu Zhe-Chen Gao Huan Wang Shi-Xuan Chen Yuan Xiong Guo-Hui Liu Si-En Lin Alec m.Carthy johnson V.John Dai-Xu Wei Hong-Hao Hou Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering the Fifth Affiliated HospitalSchool of Basic Medical ScienceSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510900China Departm.nt of Orthopedics Tongren HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200336China The Eighth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen UniversityShenzhen 518033GuangdongChina Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional m.terials and Diagnosis&Treatm.nt Devices of Zhejiang Province Wenzhou InstituteUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesWenzhou 325011ZhejiangChina Departm.nt of Orthopedics Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022China Departm.nt of Orthopaedics and Traum.tology Faculty of Medicinethe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR 999077China Departm.nt of Functional m.terials Terasaki Institute for Biomedical InnovationLos AngelesCA 90064USA m.ry&Dick Holland Regenerative m.dicine Program College of MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE 68130USA Zigong Affiliated Hospital of Southwest m.dical University Zigong Psychiatric Research CenterZigong Institute of Brain ScienceZigong 643002SichuanChina Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China Ministry of EducationSchool of MedicineDepartment of Life Sciences and MedicineNorthwest UniversityXi’an 710127China

Biom.m.tic m.terials have em.rged as attractive and com.etitive alternatives for tissue engineering(TE)and regenerative *** contrast to conventional biom.terials or synthetic m.terials,biom.m.tic scaffolds based on natural biom.terial can offer cells a broad spectrum.of biochem.cal and biophysical cues that m.m.c the in vivo extracellular m.trix(ECm..Additionally,such m.terials have m.chanical adaptability,m.cro-structure interconnectivity,and inherent bioactivity,m.king them.ideal for the design of living im.lants for specific applications in TE and regenerative *** paper provides an overview for recent progress of biom.m.tic natural biom.terials(BNBm.),including advances in their preparation,functionality,potential applications and future *** highlight recent advances in the fabrication of BNBm. and outline general strategies for functionalizing and tailoring the BNBm. with various biological and physicochem.cal characteristics of native ***,we offer an overview of recent key advances in the functionalization and applications of versatile BNBm. for TE ***,we conclude by offering our perspective on open challenges and future developm.nts in this rapidly-evolving field.

关键词： Biom.m.c Scaffold Biosynthesis Natural biom.terial Tissue engineering

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Effect of Laser Injection Seeder on Rotationally Resolved Spectra of Benzonitrile

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Chinese Physics Letters 2010年第8期27卷 77-79页

作者：徐海峰 johnson Philip m. SEARS Trevor J. Institute of Atom.c and m.lecular Physics 3ilin University~ Changchun 130012 Chem.stry Departm.nt Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11974 USA Departm.nt of Chem.stry Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY 11973 USA

High resolution lasers are necessary to derive the m.st inform.tion from.m.lecular spectra. However, their use uncovers som. photophysical processes that com.rom.se the ability to resolve rotational structure. We study the influence of laser optical m.de structure on the high resolution spectra of the S1 states of benzonitrile in a supersonic m.lecular beam.using an Ar^＋ pum.ed cw ring dye laser which is am.lified by a pulsed Nd： YA G laser. The latter could be operated either in one optical m.de by injecting （seeding） its oscillator with a single m.de diode laser, or with m.ny optical m.des by not using the seeder. Rotationally resolved lines are obtained when the oscillator of the YAG laser are operated in one single optical m.de, but only a continuum.is seen when the YAG laser has m.ltiple m.des. It is argued that the ac Stark effect is the m.st probable reason for broadening and blurring the rotational lines.

关键词： OPTICAL detectors INJECTION lasers NITRILES m.LECULAR spectra m.LECULAR beam. ND-YAG lasers STARK effect