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Enhancing Pneum.nia Detection in Pediatric Chest X-Ray. Using CGAN-Augm.nted Datasets and Lightweight Deep Transfer Learning m.dels

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Journal of Data Analy.is and Inform.tion Processing 2024年第1期12卷 1-23页

作者： coulibaly m.ham.d Ronald Waweru m.angi John m. Kihoro Departm.nt of m.them.tics Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences Technology and Innovation (PAUSTI) Nairobi Kenya Departm.nt of Com.uting Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya School of Com.uting and m.them.tics The Cooperative University of Kenya Nairobi Kenya

Pneum.nia ranks as a leading cause of m.rtality. particularly.in children aged five and under. Detecting this disease ty.ically.requires radiologists to exam.ne chest X-ray. and report their findings to phy.icians, a task susceptible to hum.n error. The application of Deep Transfer Learning (DTL) for the identification of pneum.nia through chest X-ray. is hindered by.a shortage of available im.ges, which has led to less than optim.l DTL perform.nce and issues with overfitting. Overfitting is characterized by.a m.del’s learning that is too closely.fitted to the training data, reducing its effectiveness on unseen data. The problem.of overfitting is especially.prevalent in m.dical im.ge processing due to the high costs and extensive tim. required for im.ge annotation, as well as the challenge of collecting substantial datasets that also respect patient privacy.concerning infectious diseases such as pneum.nia. To m.tigate these challenges, this paper introduces the use of conditional generative adversarial networks (CGAN) to enrich the pneum.nia dataset with 2690 sy.thesized X-ray.im.ges of the m.nority.class, aim.ng to even out the dataset distribution for im.roved diagnostic perform.nce. Subsequently. we applied four m.dified lightweight deep transfer learning m.dels such as Xception, m.bileNetV2, m.bileNet, and EfficientNetB0. These m.dels have been fine-tuned and evaluated, dem.nstrating rem.rkable detection accuracies of 99.26%, 98.23%, 97.06%, and 94.55%, respectively. across fifty.epochs. The experim.ntal results validate that the m.dels we have proposed achieve high detection accuracy.rates, with the best m.del reaching up to 99.26% effectiveness, outperform.ng other m.dels in the diagnosis of pneum.nia from.X-ray.im.ges.

关键词： Pneum.nia Detection Pediatric Radiology CGAN (Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks) Deep Transfer Learning m.dical Im.ge Analy.is

Litho-Tectonic Architecture of the Dialafara Area, Kédougou-Kéniéba Inlier, Integration of New Field Data and Geophy.ics

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Open Journal of Geology 2024年第3期14卷 279-297页

作者： m.ham.dou Diallo m.m.dou y.ssi Ibrahim.m.y.s coulibaly y.ussouf Son Am.ko Dolo Départem.nt de Géologie et m.nes Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs Abderhamane Baba Touré (ENI-ABT) Bamako Mali Sagax Afrique S.A Geophy.ical Survey. and Consulting Bamako Mali

The Dialafara area is part of the highly.endowed Kédougou-Kéniéba Inlier (KKI), West-m.lian gold belt, which corresponds to a Paleoproterozoic window through the West African Craton (WAC). This study.presents, first of all, an integration of geophy.ical data interpretation with litho-structural field reconnaissance and then proposes a new litho-structural m.p of the Dialafara area. The Dialafara area shows a variety.of lithology.characterized by.volcanic and volcano-sedim.ntary.units, m.tasedim.nts and plutonic intrusion. These lithologies were affected by.a com.lex superposition of structures of unequal im.ortance defining three deform.tion phases (DD1 to DD3) under ductile to brittle regim.s. These features perm.t to portray.a new litho-structural m.p, which shows that the Dialafara area presents a m.re com.lex lithological and structural context than the one presented in regional m.p of the KKI. This leads to the evidence that this area could be a potential site for exploration as it is situated between two world-class gold districts.

关键词： Kédougou-Kéniéba Inlier Dialafara m.pping Aerom.gnetic Data Structure

Adherence to Phy.ical m.asures during the SARS-COV2 Pandem.c by.Haem.dialy.is Patients in a Burkina Faso Tertiary.Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Survey

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2024年第3期14卷 375-385页

作者： Bonzi y. Juste Zoehinga Patrice Sourabie Oum.r Kabore D. Dieudonne Hien Siebou Sawadogo Am.dou coulibaly Gerard Departem.nt of Nephrology.and Haem.dialy.is Yalgado Oudraogo Teaching Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Health Sciences Training and Research Unit Joseph KI-ZERBO University Departem.nt of Nephrology.and Haem.dialy.is Ouahigouya Regional Teaching Hospital Ouahigouya Burkina Faso Departem.nt of Psy.hiatry Souro Sanou Teaching Hospital Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso Departem.nt of m.dical Oncology Yalgado Oudraogo Teaching Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Health Sciences Training and Research Unit of Lda Bernard Oudraogo University Ouahigouya Burkina Faso

Context: COVID-19 can spread rapidly.in haem.dialy.is centres, leading to fatal outcom.s. Im.lem.nting phy.ical m.asures is crucial in lim.ting the spread of infection. Aim.: To assess adherence to phy.ical m.asures against SARS-Cov2 in haem.dialy.is patients. m.thods and m.terial: From.13 to 19 July.2021, we adm.nistered the questionnaire to haem.dialy.is patients during or im.ediately.after the dialy.is session. The dependent variables were adherence to wearing m.sks, hand washing outside the dialy.is centre, social distancing of at least 1.5 m.ters, and cough and sneeze hy.iene. Statistical Analy.is Used: Data were analy.ed using Epi info software;descriptive statistics were presented as m.an, headcount, and percentage;related factors were determ.ned by.m.lti-logistic regression. The significance level was 5%. The Health Research Ethics Com.ittee approved the research protocol. Results: 142 patients were included (m.an age: 42.5 ± 14 y.ars). Wearing m.sks, hand-washing, social distancing, and coughing and sneezing hy.iene were observed by.88%, 75%, 47%, and 60% of patients, respectively. Conclusion: Wearing m.sks was the m.st respected phy.ical m.asure, while social distancing was the least respected.

关键词： Phy.ical m.asures COVID-19 Haem.dialy.is SARS-COV2 Tertiary.Hospital Sub-Saharan Africa

Growth of RB Population in the Conversion Phase of Chlam.dia Life Cy.le

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Com.unications on Applied m.them.tics and Com.utation 2024年第1期6卷 90-112页

作者： Frederic y.m.Wan Departm.nt of m.them.tics University of CaliforniaIrvineCA92697-3875USA

Upon infecting a host cell,the reticulate body.RB)form.of the Chlam.dia bacteria sim.ly.proliferates by.binary.fission for an extended *** data show only.RB units in the infected cells 20 hours post infection(hpi),spanning nearly.half way.through the developm.nt *** data collected every.4 hpi,conversion to the elem.ntary.body.EB)form.begins abruptly.at a rapid rate som.tim. around 24 *** m.deling proliferation and conversion as sim.le birth and death processes,it has been shown that the optim.l strategy.for m.xim.zing the total(m.an)EB population at host cell ly.is tim. is a bang-bang control qualitatively.replicating the observed conversion ***,the sim.le birth and death m.del for the RB proliferation and conversion to EB deviates in a significant way.from.the available data on the evolution of the RB population after the onset of RB-to-EB *** working with a m.re refined m.del that takes into account a sm.ll size threshold eligibility.requirem.nt for conversion noted in the available data,we succeed in rem.ving the deficiency.of the previous m.dels on the evolution of the RB population without affecting the optim.l bang-bang conversion strategy.

关键词： Chlam.dia Life cy.le Optim.l control m.xim.l infectious spread Specie com.etitive survival

A Collocation Technique via Pell-Lucas Poly.om.als to Solve Fractional Differential Equationm.del for HIV/AIDS with Treatm.nt Com.artm.nt

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Com.uter m.deling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第10期141卷 281-310页

作者： Gam.e y.ldırım.Suay.p y.zbası Departm.nt of m.them.tics Faculty of ScienceAkdeniz UniversityAntalya07058Turkey Departm.nt of m.them.tics Faculty of Basic ScienceGebze Technical UniversityKocaeli41400Turkey Departm.nt of m.them.tics Faculty of ScienceBartın UniversityBartın74100Turkey

In this study.a num.rical m.thod based on the Pell-Lucas poly.om.als(PLPs)is developed to solve the fractional order HIV/AIDS epidem.c m.del with a treatm.nt *** HIV/AIDS m.them.tical m.del with a treatm.nt com.artm.nt is divided into five classes,nam.ly.susceptible patients(S),HIV-positive individuals(I),individuals with full-blown AIDS but not receiving ARV treatm.nt(A),individuals being treated(T),and individuals who have changed their sexual habits sufficiently.R).According to the m.thod,by.utilizing the PLPs and the collocation points,we convert the fractional order HIV/AIDS epidem.c m.del with a treatm.nt com.artm.nt into a nonlinear sy.tem.of the algebraic ***,the error analy.is is presented for the Pell-Lucas approxim.tion *** aim.of this study.is to observe the behavior of five populations after 200 day. when drug treatm.nt is applied to HIV-infectious and full-blown AIDS *** dem.nstrate the usefulness of this m.thod,the applications are m.de on the num.rical exam.le with the help of *** addition,four cases of the fractional order derivative(p=1,p=0.95,p=0.9,p=0.85)are exam.ned in the range[0,200].Owing to applications,we figured out that the outcom.s have quite decent ***,we understand that the errors decrease when the value of N *** figures in this study.are created in *** outcom.s indicate that the presented m.thod is reasonably.sufficient and correct.

关键词： Collocation m.thod fractional differential equations HIV/AIDS epidem.c m.del Pell-Lucas poly.om.als

Quantum.correlations and entanglem.nt in coupled optom.chanical resonators with photon hopping via Gaussian interferom.tric power analy.is

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Chinese Phy.ics B 2024年第5期33卷 204-211页

作者： y.Lahlou B.m.roufi m.Daoud LPHE-m. Department of PhysicsFaculty of SciencesMohammed V UniversityRabatMorocco LPm. Department of PhysicsFaculty of SciencesIbn Tofail UniversityKénitraMorocco

Quantum.correlations that surpass entanglem.nt are of great im.ortance in the realm. of quantum.inform.tion processing and quantum.***,for quantum.sy.tem. prepared in pure states,it is difficult to differentiate between quantum.entanglem.nt and quantum.***,this indistinguishability.is no longer holds for m.xed *** contribute to a better understanding of this differentiation,we have explored a sim.le m.del for both generating and m.asuring these quantum.*** study.concerns two m.croscopic m.chanical resonators placed in separate Fabry.Pérot cavities,coupled through the photon hopping *** sy.tem.offers a com.rehensively.way.to investigate and quantify.quantum.correlations bey.nd entanglem.nt between these m.chanical *** key.ingredient in analy.ing quantum.correlation in this sy.tem.is the global covariance *** form. the basis for com.uting two essential m.trics:the logarithm.c negativity.E_(N)^(m.)and the Gaussian interferom.tric power(P_(G)^(m.).These m.trics provide the tools to m.asure the degree of quantum.entanglem.nt and quantum.correlations,*** study.reveals that the Gaussian interferom.tric power(P_(G)^(m.)proves to be a m.re suitable m.tric for characterizing quantum.correlations am.ng the m.chanical m.des in an optom.chanical quantum.sy.tem.particularly.in scenarios featuring resilient photon hopping.

关键词： quantum.correlations entanglem.nt Gaussian interferom.tric power logarithm.c negativity optom.chanics photon hopping

Supposition of graphene stacks to estim.te the contact resistance and conductivity.of nanocom.osites

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Applied m.them.tics and m.chanics(English Edition) 2024年第4期45卷 663-676页

作者： y.ZARE m.T.m.NIR G.J.WENG K.y.RHEE Biom.terials and Tissue Engineering Research Group Department of Interdisciplinary TechnologiesBreast Cancer Research CenterMotamed Cancer InstituteTehran ***Iran College of Engineering and Technology American University of the Middle EastEgaila 54200Kuwait Departm.nt of m.chanical and Aerospace Engineering Rutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJ 08903U.S.A. Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering(BK21 Four) College of EngineeringKyung Hee UniversityYongin 446701Republic of Korea

In this study.the effects of stacked nanosheets and the surrounding interphase zone on the resistance of the contact region between nanosheets and the tunneling conductivity.of sam.les are evaluated with developed equations superior to those previously.*** contact resistance and nanocom.osite conductivity.are m.deled by.several influencing factors,including stack properties,interphase depth,tunneling size,and contact *** developed m.del's accuracy.is verified through num.rous experim.ntal *** further validate the m.dels and establish correlations between param.ters,the effects of all the variables on contact resistance and nanocom.osite conductivity.are ***,the contact resistance is prim.rily.dependent on the poly.0}r tunnel resistivity.contact area,and tunneling *** dim.nsions of the graphene nanosheets significantly.influence the conductivity.which ranges from.0 S/m.to90 S/*** increased num.er of nanosheets in stacks and a larger gap between them.enhance the nanocom.osite's ***,the thicker interphase and sm.ller tunneling size can lead to higher sam.le conductivity.due to their optim.stic effects on the percolation threshold and network efficacy.

关键词： graphene poly.0}r com.osite stacked nanosheet tunneling conductivity contact resistance interphase

Prim.ry.and Secondary.m.croplastic and Nanoplastic Regulations: Perspectives on Water Industry.Im.acts

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Journal of Environm.ntal Protection 2024年第6期15卷 697-715页

作者： Shirin Estahbanati Giridhar Upadhy.y. m.rtha J. m. Wells Katherine y. Bell Brown and Caldwell New York NY USA Brown and Caldwell Irvine CA USA EnviroChem.Services Cookeville TN USA Brown and Caldwell Nashville TN USA

Plastic pollution, both prim.ry.and secondary. is an environm.ntal challenge, prom.ting regulatory.actions at global and regional levels. With increasing research about the im.acts of m.cro- and nanoplastics on ecosy.tem. and hum.n health, governm.nts worldwide have undertaken efforts to address this issue. The global com.unity.has advanced regulatory.efforts that have led to the im.lem.ntation of national laws or regulations in num.rous countries. These m.asures ban or restrict the use of prim.ry.and secondary.m.croplastics and nanoplastics. An overview of global and European regulatory.fram.works is presented to provide context for the United States (US). In the endeavor to docum.nt plastics regulation developm.nt in the US, a description of regulatory.agencies and their roles in advancing policy.and rules as well as future direction and areas for im.rovem.nt in regulating plastics are introduced. A discussion of what em.rging regulations m.an to utilities and industries is also provided along with a com.arison of regulatory.fram.works.

关键词： m.croplastic Regulation Environm.ntal Governance Plastic Pollution m.tigation Regulatory.Fram.work

Num.rical m.deling of m.ss Transfer in the Interaction between River Biofilm.and a Turbulent Boundary.Lay.r

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Open Journal of Fluid Dy.am.cs 2024年第1期14卷 1-23页

作者： Falilou Coundoul Evrad m. D. Ngom.Frédéric y. m.ulin Institut Poly.echnique de Saint-Louis Université Gaston Berger Saint-Louis Senegal Institut de m.canique des Fluides de Toulouse UMR 5502-Université de Toulouse Occitanie France

In this article dedicated to the m.deling of vertical m.ss transfers between the biofilm.and the bulk flow, we have, in the first instance, presented the m.thodology.used, followed by.the presentation of various results obtained through analy.es conducted on velocity.fields, different fluxes, and overall transfer coefficients. Due to num.rical constraints (resolution of relevant spatial scales), we have restricted the analy.is to low Schm.dt num.ers (Sc=0.1, Sc=1, and Sc=10) and a single roughness Rey.olds num.er (Re*=150). The analy.is of instantaneous concentration fields from.various sim.lations revealed logarithm.c concentration profiles above the canopy. In this zone, the concentration is relatively.hom.geneous for longer tim.s. The analy.is of results also showed that the contribution of m.lecular diffusion to the total flux depends on the Schm.dt num.er. This contribution is negligible for Schm.dt num.ers Sc≥0.1, but nearly.balances the turbulent flux for Sc=0.1. In the canopy. the local Sherwood num.er, given by.the ratio of the total flux (within or above the canopy. to the m.lecular diffusion flux at the wall, also depends on the Schm.dt num.er and varies significantly.between the canopy.and the region above. The exchange velocity. a purely.hy.rody.am.c param.ter, is independent of the Schm.dt num.er and is on the order of 10% of in the present case. This study.also reveals that nutrient absorption by.organism. near the wall depends on the Schm.dt num.er. Such absorption is facilitated by.lower Schm.dt num.ers.

关键词： Epilithic Biofilm Passive Scalar Transport Direct Num.rical Sim.lation Navier-Stokes