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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling in the neurom.scular junction during developm.ntal axonal com.etition and synapse elim.nation

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 394-401页

作者： Josep Tom.s Víctor Cilleros-m.ñé Laia Just-Borràs m.rta Balanyà-Segura Aleksandra Polishchuk Laura nadal m.rta Tom.s Carolina Silvera-simón m.nel m.Santafé m.ria A.Lanuza Unitat d’Histologia i neurobiologia(UHneurob) Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la SalutUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliReusSpain

During the developm.nt of the nervous system.there is an overproduction of neurons and *** com.etition between neighboring nerve endings and synapses perform.ng different activity levels leads to their elim.nation or *** have extensively studied the involvem.nt of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor-Tropom.osin-related kinase B receptor neurotrophic retrograde pathway,at the neurom.scular junction,in the axonal developm.nt and synapse elim.nation process versus the synapse *** purpose of this review is to describe the neurotrophic influence on developm.ntal synapse elim.nation,in relation to other m.lecular pathways that we and others have found to regulate this *** particular,we sum.arize our published results based on transm.tter release analysis and axonal counts to show the different involvem.nt of the presynaptic acetylcholine m.scarinic autoreceptors,coupled to downstream.serine-threonine protein kinases A and C(PKA and PKC)and voltage-gated calcium.channels,at different nerve endings in developm.ntal *** dynam.c changes that occur simultaneously in several nerve term.nals and synapses converge across a postsynaptic site,influence each other,and require careful studies to individualize the m.chanism. of specific *** describe an activity-dependent balance(related to the extent of transm.tter release)between the presynaptic m.scarinic subtypes and the neurotrophin-m.diated TrkB/p75nTR pathways that can influence the tim.ng and fate of the com.etitive interactions between the different axon *** downstream.displacem.nt of the PKA/PKC activity ratio to lower values,both in com.eting nerve term.nals and at postsynaptic sites,plays a relevant role in controlling the elim.nation of supernum.rary ***,calcium.entry through L-and P/Q-subtypes of voltage-gated calcium.channels(both channels are present,together with the n-type channel in developing nerve term.nals)contributes to red

关键词： acetylcholine release adenosine receptors axonal com.etition brain-derived neurotrophic factor calcium.channels m.tor end-plate m.scarinic acetylcholine receptors postnatal synapse elim.nation serine kinases tropom.osin-related kinase receptorB

Differential response of injured and healthy retinas to syngeneic and allogeneic transplantation of a clonal cell line of im.ortalized olfactory ensheathing glia:a double-edged sword

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2395-2407页

作者： m.ría norte-m.ñoz m.ría Portela-Lom.a Palom. Sobrado-Calvo Diana simón Johnny Di Pierdom.nico Alejandro Gallego-Ortega m.r Pérez Josém.abrera-m.queda Javier Sierra m.nuel Vidal-Sanz m.ría Teresa m.reno-Flores m.rta Agudo-Barriuso Grupo de Investigación Oftalm.logía Experim.ntal Departamento de OftalmologíaOptometríaOtorrinolaringología y Anatomía PatológicaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MurciaInstituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria(IMIB)Campus de Ciencias de la SaludMurciaSpain Experim.ntal Sciences Faculty Universidad Francisco de VitoriaPozuelo de AlarcónMadridSpain Anatom. Histology and Neuroscience DepartmentMedicine FacultyUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain Center of neuroim.unology Service of NeurologyLaboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological DiseasesHospital Clínic of BarcelonaInstitut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer(IDIBAPS)and Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain m.dicine Faculty Universidad Francisco de VitoriaPozuelo de AlarcónMadridSpain

Olfactory ensheathing glia prom.te axonal regeneration in the m.m.alian central nervous system.including retinal ganglion cell axonal growth through the injured optic ***,it is unknown whether olfactory ensheathing glia also have neuroprotective *** ensheathing glia express brain-derived neurotrophic factor,one of the best neuroprotectants for axotom.zed retinal ganglion ***,we aim.d to investigate the neuroprotective capacity of olfactory ensheating glia after optic nerve *** ensheathing glia cells from.an established rat im.ortalized clonal cell line,TEG3,were intravitreally injected in intact and axotom.zed retinas in syngeneic and allogeneic m.de with or without m.croglial inhibition or im.unosuppressive *** and gene expression analyses were *** bulb-derived prim.ry olfactory ensheathing glia and TEG3 express m.jor histocom.atibility com.lex classⅡ*** and syngenically transplanted TEG3 cells survived in the vitreous for up to 21 days,form.ng an *** axotom.zed retinas,only the allogeneic TEG3 transplant rescued retinal ganglion cells at 7 days but not at 21 *** these retinas,m.croglial anatom.cal activation was higher than after optic nerve crush *** intact retinas,both transplants activated m.croglial cells and caused retinal ganglion cell death at 21 days,a loss that was higher after allotransplantation,triggered by pyroptosis and partially rescued by m.croglial inhibition or ***,neuroprotection of axotom.zed retinal ganglion cells did not im.rove with these *** different neuroprotective properties,different toxic effects,and different responses to m.croglial inhibitory treatm.nts of olfactory ensheathing glia in the retina depending on the type of transplant highlight the im.ortance of thorough preclinical studies to explore these variables.

关键词： cell therapy im.une recognition m.jor histocom.atibility com.lex class II(m.CII) neuroprotection olfactory ensheathing glia retinal ganglion cells

neurocircuit regeneration by extracellular m.trix reprogram.ing

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2300-2301页

作者： Shengzhang Su Ian n.Levasseur Kim.erly m.Alonge Departm.nt of m.dicinal Chem.stry University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Departm.nt of Chem.stry University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Departm.nt of m.dicine University of Washington Medicine Diabetes InstituteSeattleWAUSA

The brain's extracellular m.trix(ECm.,which is com.rised of protein and glycosam.noglycan(GAG)scaffolds,constitutes 20%-40% of the hum.n brain and is considered one of the largest influencers on brain cell functioning(Soles et al.,2023).Synthesized by neural and glial cells,the brain's ECm.regulates a m.riad of hom.ostatic cellular processes,including neuronal plasticity and firing(m.yata et al.,2012),cation buffering(m.raws ki et al.,2015),and glia-neuron interactions(Anderson et al.,2016).Considering the diversity of functions,dynam.c rem.deling of the brain's ECm.indicates that this understudied m.dium.is an active participant in both norm.l physiology and neurological diseases.

关键词： m.trix program.ing

Regulator of G protein signaling 6 m.diates exercise-induced recovery of hippocam.al neurogenesis,learning,and m.m.ry in a m.use m.del of Alzheim.r’s disease

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2969-2981页

作者： m.ckenzie m.Spicer Jianqi Yang Daniel Fu Alison n.DeVore m.risol Lauffer nilufer S.Atasoy Deniz Atasoy Rory A.Fisher Departm.nt of neuroscience and Pharm.cology University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA Iowa neuroscience Institute University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA Interdisciplinary Graduate Program.in m.lecular m.dicine University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA neural Circuits and Behavior Core University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA

Hippocam.al neuronal loss causes cognitive dysfunction in Alzheim.r’s *** hippocam.al neurogenesis is reduced in patients with Alzheim.r’s *** stim.lates adult hippocam.al neurogenesis in rodents and im.roves m.m.ry and slows cognitive decline in patients with Alzheim.r’s ***,the m.lecular pathways for exercise-induced adult hippocam.al neurogenesis and im.roved cognition in Alzheim.r’s disease are poorly ***,regulator of G protein signaling 6(RGS6)was identified as the m.diator of voluntary running-induced adult hippocam.al neurogenesis in ***,we generated novel RGS6fl/fl;APP_(SWE) m.ce and used retroviral approaches to exam.ne the im.act of RGS6 deletion from.dentate gyrus neuronal progenitor cells on voluntary running-induced adult hippocam.al neurogenesis and cognition in an am.loid-based Alzheim.r’s disease m.use *** found that voluntary running in APP_(SWE) m.ce restored their hippocam.al cognitive im.airm.nts to that of control *** cognitive rescue was abolished by RGS6 deletion in dentate gyrus neuronal progenitor cells,which also abolished running-m.diated increases in adult hippocam.al *** hippocam.al neurogenesis was reduced in sedentary APP_(SWE) m.ce versus control m.ce,with basal adult hippocam.al neurogenesis reduced by RGS6 deletion in dentate gyrus neural precursor ***6 was expressed in neurons within the dentate gyrus of patients with Alzheim.r’s disease with significant loss of these RGS6-expressing ***,RGS6 m.diated voluntary running-induced rescue of im.aired cognition and adult hippocam.al neurogenesis in APP_(SWE) m.ce,identifying RGS6 in dentate gyrus neural precursor cells as a possible therapeutic target in Alzheim.r’s disease.

关键词： adult hippocam.al neurogenesis Alzheim.r’s disease dentate gyrus exercise learning/m.m.ry neural precursor cells regulator of G protein signaling 6(RGS6)

Structural, elastic and electronic properties for m.2 XC (m.Ti and Cr, X=Ga and Al) phases from.ab initio calculations

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Acta m.tallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2011年第4期24卷 255-270页

作者： B. Ghebouli m.A. Ghebouli m. Fatm. n. Bouarissa m. Benkerri I.A. Ibrahim Laboratory of Study of Surfaces and Interfaces of Solids m.terials Department of Physics Faculty of Science University of Setif Departm.nt of Physics University Center Research Unit on Em.rging m.terials Ferhat Abbas University of Setif Departm.nt of Physics Faculty of Sciences King Khalid University Central m.tallurgical Research and Developm.nt Institute P.O. Box: 87 Helwan 11424 Cairo Egypt

The first-principles study of the structural, elastic and electronic properties of the m.XC phases depending on the type of m.transition m.tal （m.are Ti and Cr） and on X （X are Ga and A1） was reported. The calculations are perform.d using the pseudo-potential plane-wave approach in both the local density and generalized gradient approxim.tions. The elastic constants are calculated using the static finite strain technique. Features such as structural and elastic param.ters, Debye tem. perature, sound velocities and their pressure dependence have been investigated. In agreem.nt with experim.ntal and previous theoretical findings, it is found that the com.ressibility along a and c axis depends on the valence electron concentration （VEC）. Correlations revealing the governing role of the X and m.elem.nts on the m.chinability indices of the m.terial have been exam.ned. The electronic properties have been discussed in term. of chem.cal bonding showing that bonding is due to m.-Cp and m.-Xp hybridizations. m.C bonds are stiffer than m.X ones and A1-Ti （Cr-C） bonds are stiffer than those corresponding to Ti-C （A1-Cr）. It is shown that the stiffness of the m.X and m.C bonds increases with increasing the num.er of VEC.

关键词： m.XC phases ab initio Pressure effect Band structures

Am.loid-beta pathology-induced nanoscale synaptic disruption:the case of the GABA_B-GIRK assem.ly

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1409-1410页

作者： Rafael Lujan Alejandro m.rtín-Belm.nte Sergi Ferré Francisco Ciruela Synaptic Structure Laboratory Instituto de Biomedicina de la UCLM(IB-UCLM)Departamento de Ciencias MédicasInstituto de Investigación en Salud de Castilla-La Mancha(IDISCAM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Castilla-La ManchaCampus BiosanitarioC/AlmansaAlbaceteSpain Integrative neurobiology Section National Institute on Drug AbuseIntramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA Pharm.cology Unit Department of Pathology and Experimental TherapeuticsSchool of Medicine and Health SciencesInstitute of NeurosciencesUniversity of BarcelonaNeuropharmacology&Pain GroupNeuroscience ProgramBellvitge Institute for Biomedical ResearchL’Hospitalet de LlobregatSpain

Alzheim.r's disease (AD) is characterized by an im.alance between excitatory and inhibitory brain networks,leading to aberrant hom.ostatic synaptic *** has progressively been recognized as syna ptopathy and syna ptic dysfunction has been identified as a key com.onent of its pathogenesis (Schirinzi et al.,2020).Syna ptic dysfunction is believed to precede synapse loss,a prim.ry biological correlate of cognitive decline in AD,inevita bly associated with neuronal death.

关键词： Alzheim.r pathology

From.single to com.inatorial therapies in spinal cord injuries for structural and functional restoration

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 660-670页

作者： Ernesto Doncel-Pérez Gabriel Guízar-Sahagún Israel Grijalva-Otero Hospital nacional de Parapléjicos de Toledo Servicio de Salud de Castilla La Mancha(SESCAM)ToledoSpain m.dical Research Unit for neurological Diseases UMAE Hospital de EspecialidadesCentro Médico Nacional Siglo XXIIMSSCiudad de MéxicoMéxico

Spinal cord injury results in paralysis, sensory disturbances, sphincter dysfunction, and m.ltiple system.c secondary conditions, m.st arising from.autonom.c dysregulation. All this produces profound negative psychosocial im.lications for affected people, their fam.lies, and their com.unities;the financial costs can be challenging for their fam.lies and health institutions. Treatm.nts aim.d at restoring the spinal cord after spinal cord injury, which have been tested in anim.l m.dels or clinical trials, generally seek to counteract one or m.re of the secondary m.chanism. of injury to lim.t the extent of the initial dam.ge. m.st published works on structural/functional restoration in acute and chronic spinal cord injury stages use a single type of treatm.nt: a drug or trophic factor, transplant of a cell type, and im.lantation of a biom.terial. Despite the significant benefits reported in anim.l m.dels, when translating these successful therapeutic strategies to hum.ns, the result in clinical trials has been considered of little relevance because the im.rovem.nt, when present, is usually insufficient. Until now, m.st studies designed to prom.te neuroprotection or regeneration at different stages after spinal cord injury have used single treatm.nts. Considering the occurrence of various secondary m.chanism. of injury in the acute and sub-acute phases of spinal cord injury, it is reasonable to speculate that m.re than one therapeutic agent could be required to prom.te structural and functional restoration of the dam.ged spinal cord. Treatm.nts that com.ine several therapeutic agents, targeting different m.chanism. of injury, which, when used as a single therapy, have shown som. benefits, allow us to assum. that they will have synergistic beneficial effects. Thus, this narrative review article aim. to sum.arize current trends in the use of strategies that com.ine therapeutic agents adm.nistered simultaneously or sequentially, seeking structural and functional restoratio

关键词： neural regeneration neuroprotection spinal cord injury repair spinal cord injury treatm.nts structural restoration of spinal cord injury

GSTARS com.uter m.dels and their applications, part I:theoretical developm.nt

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International Journal of Sedim.nt Research 2008年第3期23卷 197-211页

作者： Chih Ted YAnG Francisco J. m. simES Borland Prof. of Water Resources and Director of Hydroscience and Training Center Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523-1372 U. S. A. Research Hydrologist US Geological Survey Geomorphology and Sediment Transport Laboratory 4620 Technology Drive Suite 400 Golden CO 80403 U. S. A.

GSTARS is a series of com.uter m.dels developed by the U.S. Bureau of Reclam.tion for alluvial river and reservoir sedim.ntation studies while the authors were em.loyed by that agency. The first version of GSTARS was released in 1986 using Fortran IV for m.infram. com.uters. GSTARS 2.0 was released in 1998 for personal com.uter application with m.st of the code in the original GSTARS revised, im.roved, and expanded using Fortran IV/77. GSTARS 2.1 is an im.roved and revised GSTARS 2.0 with graphical user interface. The unique features of all GSTARS m.dels are the conjunctive use of the stream.tube concept and of the m.nim.m.stream.power theory. The application of m.nim.m.stream.power theory allows the determ.nation of optim.m.channel geom.try with variable channel width and cross-sectional shape. The use of the stream.tube concept enables the simulation of river hydraulics using one-dim.nsional num.rical solutions to obtain a sem.-two-dim.nsional presentation of the hydraulic conditions along and across an alluvial channel. According to the stream.tube concept, no water or sedim.nt particles can cross the walls of stream.tubes, which is valid for m.ny natural rivers. At and near sharp bends, however, sedim.nt particles m.y cross the boundaries of stream.tubes. GSTARS3, based on FORTRAn 90/95, addresses this phenom.non and further expands the capabilities of GSTARS 2.1 for cohesive and non-cohesive sedim.nt transport in rivers and reservoirs. This paper presents the concepts, m.thods, and techniques used to develop the GSTARS series of com.uter m.dels, especially GSTARS3.

关键词： num.rical m.deling Sedim.nt transport Backwater com.utations Stream.tubes Stream.power m.nim.zation

neurogenesis dynam.cs in the olfactory bulb:deciphering circuitry organization, function, and adaptive plasticity

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1565-1581页

作者： m.awiah m.naffaa Departm.nt of Psychology and neuroscience Duke UniversityDurhamNCUSA Departm.nt of Cell Biology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNCUSA

Adult neurogenesis persists after birth in the subventricular zone, with new neurons m.grating to the granule cell layer and glom.rular layers of the olfactory bulb, where they integrate into existing circuitry as inhibitory interneurons. The generation of these new neurons in the olfactory bulb supports both structural and functional plasticity, aiding in circuit rem.deling triggered by m.m.ry and learning processes. However, the presence of these neurons, coupled with the cellular diversity within the olfactory bulb, presents an ongoing challenge in understanding its network organization and function. m.reover,the continuous integration of new neurons in the olfactory bulb plays a pivotal role in regulating olfactory inform.tion processing. This adaptive process responds to changes in epithelial com.osition and contributes to the form.tion of olfactory m.m.ries by m.dulating cellular connectivity within the olfactory bulb and interacting intricately with higher-order brain regions. The role of adult neurogenesis in olfactory bulb functions rem.ins a topic of debate. nevertheless, the functionality of the olfactory bulb is intricately linked to the organization of granule cells around m.tral and tufted cells. This organizational pattern significantly im.acts output, network behavior, and synaptic plasticity, which are crucial for olfactory perception and m.m.ry. Additionally, this organization is further shaped by axon term.nals originating from.cortical and subcortical regions. Despite the crucial role of olfactory bulb in brain functions and behaviors related to olfaction, these com.lex and highly interconnected processes have not been com.rehensively studied as a whole. Therefore, this m.nuscript aim. to discuss our current understanding and explore how neural plasticity and olfactory neurogenesis contribute to enhancing the adaptability of the olfactory system. These m.chanism. are thought to support olfactory learning and m.m.ry, potentially through increased

关键词： network adaptability neurogenesis neuronal com.unication olfactory bulb olfactory learning olfactory m.m.ry synaptic plasticity