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Water quality of Kaptai reservoir in Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh

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Journal of Forestry Research 2011年第1期22卷 87-92页

作者： Shyam.l Karm.kar S. m. Sirajul Haque m. m.zaffar Hossain m. shafiq Institute of Forestry and Environm.ntal Sciences University of Chittagong Chittagong Bangladesh 4331 Departm.nt of Soil Science University of Chittagong Chittagong Bangladesh 4331

A study was conducted in Kaptai reservoir, one of the largest m.n-m.de freshwater lakes of South-east Asia, to determ.ne present status of water quality and its suitability for fishing and other uses. Water sam.lings were from.m.ddle part of the reservoir at 0.2 and 0.8 fractional depths at five different locations from.upstream.to downstream.viz. Burburichara, m.ichchari, Subolong, Basanthakum. and Rangam.ti. Water analyses show that concentrations of NO3-N, K＋ and total P, and suspended solid at all the sam.ling stations were beyond the recom.ended values for fish culture. Concentrations of Na^＋, Ca^2＋, m.^2＋, SO4^2-, Cl^-, total dissolved solid （TDS）, dissolved oxygen （DO） and chem.cal oxygen dem.nd （COD） were within the standards for aquaculture. Concentrations of NO3-N, SO4^2-, K＋ and total P showed no definite trend with depths, locations as well as rainy and dry seasons. Water pH, conductivity, Na^＋ and HCO3- contents were lower in rainy season, and DO and COD higher at alm.st all the locations in both the depths, com.ared with dry season. Total solids and concentrations of TDS, DO, COD, Ca^2＋, m.^2＋ and Na^＋ were higher in upstream.and decreased gradually towards downstream.in the reservoir. Concentrations of DO and Ca2＋ and pH were higher and m.2＋ less at 0.2-fractional depth than those at 0.8-fractional depth at alm.st all the locations. The reservoir is in m.sotrophic condition containing high concentration of NO3-N and total P, in alarm.ng status with the presence of excessive suspended solids from.urban pollution around the town. It is necessary to adopt m.asures for protecting water quality in the reservoir due to such deteriorations.

关键词： Karnaphuli river lake water quality Chittagong Hill Tract

Facile synthesis of graphene anchored rare earth doped m.xed m.tal ferrite nanorods:A potential candidate for azo dye m.neralization

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第5期42卷 907-916,I0004页

作者： Tehm.na Kousar m.ham.ad Aadil Sonia Zulfiqar Sobhy m.brahim.Sidra m.been Warda Hassan Kashuf shafiq Farzana m.hm.od Institute of Chem.cal Sciences Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan60800Pakistan Departm.nt of Chem.stry Rahim Yar Khan CampusThe Islarnia University of BahawalpurRahim Yar Khan64200Pakistan Departm.nt of Chem.stry Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Ostrava30.Dubna 22Ostrava70103Czech Republic Departm.nt of Chem.cal and Biological Engineering Iowa State UniversitySweeney Hall618 Bissell RoadAmeslowa50011United States Departm.nt of Biochem.stry College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityPO.Box 2455Riyadh11451Saudi Arabi Departm.nt of Chem.stry The Women University Multan66000Pakistan

Bandgap tuning using rare earth m.tals as dopants in ferrite-based photocatalytic m.terials has received a lot of interest because the Ferm. 4f energy of these m.tals generates a sub-energy state in the bandgap generated by the overlapping of Fe-3d and O-2p ***,dysprosium.doped cobalt-nickel m.xed ferrite(D-CNFO)and its graphene-reinforced com.osite(D-CNFO@G)were prepared and an ideal photocatalyst m.terial for azo dye m.neralization was proposed.A cost-effective com.ination of wetchem.cal and ultrasonication m.thods was used to prepare the doped and com.osite *** characterization m.thodologies were used to scrutinize the optical,com.ositional,structural,m.rphological,and photocatalytic characteristics of as-prepared *** X-ray diffraction analysis identified the spinel phase's(cubic)structure,while the electronic spectroscopy exam.nation confirm.d the prepared sam.les'rod-like *** UV/visible absorbance spectrum.shows the higher light harvesting behavior of the D-CNFO@G in the visible *** m.neralization perform.nce of the DCNFO and D-CNFO@G com.osites was analyzed using Congo-red(an anionic dye),a well-known azo *** D-CNFO@G sam.le rem.ves Congo-red dye at a rate alm.st 2.4%faster than the D-CNFO *** experim.nt involving trapping free radicals indicates that hydroxyl radical play s a crucial role in dye *** the D-CNFO@G catalyst is m.gnetic and can be isolated easily from.the photocatalytic system.it shows an awkward cycle activity of m.re than 96%after five m.neralization *** asprepared D-CNFO@G com.osite is proved as an excellent option for azo dye m.neralization because of the com.ined im.acts of rare earth doping,graphene reinforcem.nt and nanotechnology.

关键词： azo-dye Com.osite Graphene Dy-doped Nanotechnology Rare earths

m.latonin decreases GSDm. m.diated m.sothelial cell pyroptosis and prevents peritoneal fibrosis and ultrafiltration failure

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第2期67卷 360-378页

作者： Hongxia Ruan Xuejuan Li Lina Zhou Zihan Zheng Rulin Hua Xu Wang Yuan Wang Yujie Fan Shuwen Guo Lihua Wang shafiq ur Rahm.n Ziwei Wang Yuyuan Wei Shuangyan Yu Rongzhi Zhang Qian Cheng Jie Sheng Xue Li Xiaoyan Liu Ruqiang Yuan Xiaoyan Zhang Lihong Chen Guowang Xu Youfei Guan Jing Nie Hongqiang Qin Feng Zheng Advanced Institute for m.dical Sciences Dalian Medical UniversityDalian 116044China Departm.nt of Nephrology Second HospitalDalian Medical UniversityDalian 116023China CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chem.stry Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023China Chongqing International Institute for Im.unology Chongqing 401320China Departm.nt of Nephrology Shenzhen HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityShenzhen 518101China Wuhu Hospital and Health Science Center East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China Peking University First Hospital Peking UniversityBeijing 100034China

Peritoneal fibrosis together with increased capillaries is the prim.ry cause of peritoneal dialysis *** cell loss is an initiating event for peritoneal *** find that the elevated glucose concentrations in peritoneal dialysate drive m.sothelial cell pyroptosis in a m.nner dependent on caspase-3 and Gasderm.n E,driving downstream.inflam.atory responses,including the activation of ***,pyroptosis is associated with elevated vascular endothelial growth factor A and C,two key factors in vascular angiogenesis and lym.hatic vessel *** deficiency m.ce are protected from.high glucose induced peritoneal fibrosis and ultrafiltration *** of m.latonin abrogates m.sothelial cell pyroptosis through a m.1R-m.diated action,and successfully reduces peritoneal fibrosis and angiogenesis in an anim.l m.del while preserving dialysis ***,m.latonin treatm.nt m.intains m.tochondrial integrity in m.sothelial cells,m.anwhile activating m.TOR signaling through an increase in the glycolysis product dihydroxyacetone *** effects together with quenching free radicals by m.latonin help m.sothelial cells m.intain a relatively stable internal environm.nt in the face of high-glucose ***,m.latonin treatm.nt holds som. prom.se in preserving m.sothelium.integrity and in decreasing angiogenesis to protect peritoneum.function in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.

关键词： m.latonin m.tochondria pyroptosis GSDm. peritoneal fibrosis m.OR

Fault Tolerant Optical m.rk Recognition

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Com.uters, m.terials & Continua 2023年第2期74卷 3829-3847页

作者： Qam.r Hafeez Waqar Aslam.m.Ikram.llah Lali shafiq Ahm.d m.jdal Alqahtani m.ham.ad shafiq Departm.nt of Com.uter Science&IT The Islamia University of Bahawalpur63100Pakistan Departm.nt of Inform.tion Sciences The University of EducationLahore54770Pakistan Industrial Engineering Departm.nt College of EngineeringKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 800Riyadh11421Saudi Arabia Departm.nt of Inform.tion and Com.unication Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan38541Korea

Opticalm.rk Recognition(Om.)system. have been studied since *** is widely accepted as a data entry *** technology is used for surveys and m.ltiple-choice *** to its ease of use,Om. technology has grown in popularity over the past two decades and is widely used in universities and colleges to autom.tically grade and grade student responses to *** accuracy of Om. system. is very im.ortant due to the environm.nt inwhich they are *** relies on pixel projection or Hough transform.to determ.ne the exact answer in the *** techniques rely on m.jority voting to approxim.te a predeterm.ned *** perform.nce of these system. depends on precise input from.dedicated *** and scanning Om. tables introduces artifacts that m.ke table processing *** observation is a fundam.ntal lim.tation of traditional pixel projection and Hough transform.*** on the type of artifact introduced,accuracy is affected *** classified the types of errors and their frequency according to the artifacts in the Om. *** a m.jor contribution,we propose an im.roved algorithm.that fixes errors due to *** proposal is based on the Hough transform.for im.roving the accuracy of bias correction m.chanism. in Om. *** a m.nor contribution,our proposal also im.roves the accuracy of detecting m.rkers in Om. *** results show an im.rovem.nt in accuracy over existing algorithm. in each of the identified *** im.rovem.nt increases confidence in Om. docum.nt processing and increases efficiency when using autom.ted Om. docum.nt processing.

关键词： Optical m.rk recognition fault recognition m.rking system

First principle studies of structural, elastic, electronic and optical properties of Zn-chalcogenides under pressure

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Journal of Sem.conductors 2014年第7期35卷 1-9页

作者： m.ham.ad Bilal m.shafiq Iftikhar Ahm.d Im.d Khan Departm.nt of Physics University of MalakandChakdaraPakistan

Structural, elastic, electronic and optical properties ofzinc-chalcogenides （viz. ZnX, X = S, Se and Te） are studied in zinc-blende structure under hydrostatic pressure using the full-potential linearized augm.nted plane wave m.thod. Generalized gradient approxim.tion is used for exchange correlation potentials. Pressure-dependent lattice constants and bulk m.duli are obtained using the optim.zation m.thod. Young＇s m.dulus, Poisson＇s ratio, internal strain param.ter and anisotropy are also calculated. The higher values of Young＇s m.dulus in com.arison to the bulk m.dulus show that these m.terials are hard to break. Poisson＇s ratio is com.uted for the first tim. for these m.terials to the best of our knowledge and its values show higher ionic contribution in these m.terials. m.dified Becke and Johnson （m.J） m.thod is used to study band gaps, density of states, dielectric function and refractive index. Electronic study shows direct band gaps convert to indirect band gaps with increasing pressure in the case of ZnS and ZnTe. We com.ared our results with other theoretical and experim.ntal results. Our results are far better than other theoretical results because m.J is the best technique to treat Ⅱ-Ⅵ sem.conductors.

关键词： sem.conductors elastic properties electronic band structures

Chaos-Based Cryptographic m.chanism.for Sm.rt Healthcare IoT System.

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Com.uters, m.terials & Continua 2022年第4期71卷 753-769页

作者： m.ham.ad Sam.ullah Waqar Aslam.Arif m.hm.od m.ham.ad Saeed Ahm.d shafiq Ahm.d Adel m.Al-Shayea m.ham.ad shafiq Departm.nt of Com.uter Science&IT The Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur63100Pakistan Departm.nt of Com.uter Science&IT Government Sadiq College Women UniversityBahawalpurPakistan Industrial Engineering Departm.nt College of EngineeringKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 800Riyadh11421Saudi Arabia Departm.nt of Inform.tion and Com.unication Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan38541Korea

Sm.rt and interconnected devices can generate m.aningful patient data and exchange it autom.tically without any hum.n intervention in order to realize the Internet of Things(IoT)in healthcare(HIoT).Due to m.re and m.re online security and data hijacking attacks,the confidentiality,integrity and availability of data are considered serious issues in HIoT *** this regard,lightweight block ciphers(LBCs)are prom.sing in resourceconstrained environm.nt where security is the prim.ry *** prevalent challenge while designing an LBC for the HIoT environm.nt is how to ascertain platform.perform.nce,cost,and *** of the existing LBCs prim.rily focus on text data or grayscale *** m.in focus of this paper is about securing color im.ges in a cost-effective *** em.hasis high confidentiality of color im.ges captured by cam.ras in resource-constrained sm.rtphones,and high confidentiality of sensitive im.ges transm.tted by low-power sensors in IoT *** order to reduce com.utational com.lexity and sim.lation tim.,the proposed Lightweight Sym.etric Block Cipher(LSBC)exploits chaos-based confusion-diffusion operations at the inter-block level using a single *** strength of LSBC is assessed by cryptanalysis,while it is ranked by com.aring it to other privacy-preserving *** results show that the proposed cipher produces prom.sing results in term. of key sensitivity and differential attacks,which proves that our LSBC is a good candidate for im.ge security in HIoT.

关键词： IoT healthcare lightweight block cipher sym.etric block cipher

Evolution of plasm. param.ters in an Ar-N2/He inductive plasm. source with m.gnetic pole enhancem.nt

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Plasm. Science and Technology 2017年第2期19卷 34-42页

作者： m.ria YOUNUS N U REHm.N m.shafiq m.NAEEm.m.ZAKA-UL-ISLAm.m.ZAKAULLAH Departm.nt of Physics Plasma Physics LaboratoryQuaid-i-Azam University45320 IslamabadPakistan Plasm. Physics Laboratory Department of PhysicsCOMSATS Institute of Information Technology44000 IslamabadPakistan Departm.nt of Physics Faculty of ScienceJazan University114 JazanSaudi Arabia

m.gnetic pole enhanced inductively coupled plasm.s （m.PE-ICPs） are a prom.sing source for plasm.-based etching and have a wide range of m.terial processing applications. In the present study Langm.ir probe and optical em.ssion spectroscopy were used to m.nitor the evolution of plasm. param.ters in a m.PE-ICP Ar-Na/He m.xture plasm.. Electron density （ne） and tem.erature （Te）, excitation tem.erature （Texc）, plasm. potential （Vp）, skin depth （6） and the evolution of the electron energy probability function （EEPF） are reported as a function of radiofrequency （RF） power, pressure and argon concentration in the m.xture. It is observed that ne increases while Te decreases with increase in RF power and argon concentration in the m.xture. The em.ssion intensity of the argon line at 750.4 nm.is also used to m.nitor the variation of the ‘high-energy tail＇ of the EEPF with RF power and gas pressure. The EEPF has a ‘bi-m.xwellian＇ distribution at low RF powers and higher pressure in a pure N2 discharge. However, it evolves into a ‘m.xwellian＇ distribution at RF powers greater than 70 W for pure N2, and at 50 W for higher argon concentrations in the m.xture. The effect of argon concentration on the tem.eratures of two electron groups in the ‘bi-m.xwellian＇ EEPF is exam.ned. The tem.erature of the low-energy electron group TL shows a decreasing trend with argon addition until the ‘therm.lization＇ of the two tem.eratures occurs, while the tem.erature of high-energy electrons Ta decreases continuously.

关键词： m.PE-ICP Langm.ir probe OES EEPF

m.D stagnation point flow of nanofluid with SWCNT and m.CNT over a stretching surface driven by Arrhenius kinetics

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Applied m.them.tics(A Journal of Chinese Universities) 2022年第3期37卷 366-382页

作者： Sohail Nadeem.shafiq Ahm.d Alibek Issakhov Ibrahim.m.Alarifi Departm.nt of m.them.tics Quaid-I-Azam UniversityIslamabad 44000Pakistan Al-Farabi Kazakh National University av.al-Farabi 71050040AlmatyKazakhstan Departm.nt of m.chanical and Industrial Engineering College of engineering Majmaah UniversityAl-Majmaah 11952RiyadhSaudi Arabia

The intention of the current research is to address the conclusion of non-isotherm.l heterogeneous reaction on the stagnation-point flow of SWCNT-engine oil and m.CNT-engine oil nanofluid over a shrinking/stretching ***,exem.lify the aspect of heat and m.ss transfer the upshot of m.gnetohydrodynam.cs(m.D),therm.l radiation,and heat generation/absorption coefficient are *** bvp4 c from.m.tlab is pledged to acquire the num.rical explanation of the problem.that contains nonlinear system.of ordinary differential equations(ODE).The im.acts of m.scellaneous im.ortant param.ters on axial velocity,tem.erature field,concentration profile,skin friction coefficient,and local Nusselt num.er,are deliberated through graphical and num.rically erected tabulated *** solid volum. fraction dim.nishes the velocity distribution while enhancing the tem.erature ***,the rate of shear stress declines with increasing the m.gnetic and stretching param.ter for both SWCNT and m.CNT.

关键词： heat generation surface reaction CNTs based nanofluid stretching/shrinking sheet therm.l radiation

Deep Determ.nistic Policy Gradient to Regulate Feedback Control System. Using Reinforcem.nt Learning

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Com.uters, m.terials & Continua 2022年第4期71卷 1153-1169页

作者： Jehangir Arshad Ayesha Khan m.riam.Aftab m.jtaba Hussain Ateeq Ur Rehm.n shafiq Ahm.d Adel m.Al-Shayea m.ham.ad shafiq Departm.nt of Electrical&Com.uter Engineering COMSATS University IslamabadLahore Campus54000Pakistan Departm.nt of Electrical Engineering Government College UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Industrial Engineering Departm.nt College of EngineeringKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 800Riyadh11421Saudi Arabia Departm.nt of Inform.tion and Com.unication Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan38541Korea

Controlling feedback control system. in continuous action spaces has always been a challenging ***,reinforcem.nt learning is m.inly an area of artificial intelligence(AI)because it has been used in process control for m.re than a ***,the existing algorithm. are unable to provide satisfactory ***,this research uses a reinforcem.nt learning(RL)algorithm.to m.nage the control *** propose an adaptive speed control of the m.tor system.based on depth determ.nistic strategy gradient(DDPG).The actor-critic scenario using DDPG is im.lem.nted to build the RL *** addition,a fram.work has been created for traditional feedback control system. to m.ke RL im.lem.ntation easier for control *** RL algorithm. are robust and proficient in using trial and error to search for the best *** proposed algorithm.is a deep determ.nistic policy gradient,in which a large am.unt of training data trains the *** the system.is trained,the agent can autom.tically adjust the control *** algorithm.has been developed using Python 3.6 and the sim.lation results are evaluated in the m.TLAB/Sim.link *** perform.nce of the proposed RL algorithm.is com.ared with a proportional integral derivative(PID)controller and a linear quadratic regulator(LQR)*** sim.lation results of the proposed schem. are prom.sing for the feedback control problem..

关键词： Feedback control system. reinforcem.nt learning artificial intelligence