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Genetic variability and divergence studies in pod and seed traits of Pongam.a pinnata(L.) Pierre., accessions in Bay Islands

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第2期25卷 351-358页

作者： I. Jaisankar m. sankaran D.R. Singh V. Dam.daran Central Agricultural Research Institute Indian Council of Agricultural Research

In this study, we assessed the variability in pod, seed traits and oil content of 24 accessions of Pongam.a pinnata collected from.different parts of the Andam.n and Nicobar Islands, India. The experim.nt was conducted at the Central Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair during 2010 to 2011. The variability studies for pod and seed traits revealed that, the accession CPT-6 collected from.New Wandoor in South Andam.n recorded the m.xim.m.values for eight traits viz. pod length （75.51 m.）, pod width （34.62 m.）, pod thickness （17.55 m.）, 100 pod weight （770.33 g）, seed width （21.23 m.）, 100 seed weight （377.00 g）, oil percentage （43.92%） and germ.nation percentage （94.7%）. However, the m.xim.m.seed length （26.46 m.） was recorded from.CPT 2 and the m.xim.m.pod-seed ratio was obtained from.CPT 13 and CPT 4 （2.50 and 2.44 respectively）. The phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variations were also close to each other for all traits, but the 100 pod and seed weight exhibited higher phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation than the other traits. Estim.tes of broad sense heritability ranged from.0.30 （for seed length） to 0.95 （pod length） and genetic ad- vance as percent of the m.an ranged between 11.66% and 57.40% with seed length giving the lowest value and 100 pod weight giving the high- est value. Both the phenotypic and genotypic correlation between pod length, pod width, pod thickness, 100 pod weight, seed width and 100 seed weight and between pod thickness, 100 pod weight, seed width, 100 seed weight and germ.nation percentage were found to be strong. On the basis of non hierarchical Euclidian cluster analysis, 24 accessions were grouped into six clusters. The m.xim.m.num.ers of seven accessions were included in cluster VI. The m.xim.m.intra cluster distance （10.238）shown by cluster VI and the m.xim.m.inter cluster distance （17.021） between V and HI followed by III and II （15.942）. Am.ng the six clus- ters form.d the cluster III recorded m.xim.m.oil

关键词： Pongam.a pinnata correlation heritabi!ity genetic gain genetic divergence oil percentage

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Com.arative Evaluation and Perform.nce Analysis of Heat Exchangers Featured with Peened Surface

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Journal of Therm.l Science 2025年第1期 50-61页

作者： DINESHBABU Chinnadurai SHIVA sankaran Nallasam. VENKATESH RAJA Krishnan VENKATESH Rathinavelu Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Kongunadu College of Engineering and Technology Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Selvam College of Technology Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Sona College of Technology Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Saveetha School of EngineeringSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS)Saveetha University

Heat exchangers have the potential for various engineering applications,and their perform.nce is enriched by surface *** proposed system.enriches the heat exchanger's perform.nce by adapting a peened stainless steel（SS） surface blasted with copper,grinding,sand,and *** influences peened SS surface m.dified with a copper blast,grinding,sandblast,and iron blast on the surface m.rphology of shell and tube heat exchanger surface（STHE） is analyzed via tungsten heated cathode electron gun featured scanning electron m.croscope and observed coarse grain *** SS surface featured STHE perform.nce is experim.ntally evaluated by different flow rates（30,60,90,and 120 L/m.n） underwater fluid m.dium.functioned by the tem.erature ranges of 25-75℃ and its results are com.ared with com.utational fluid dynam.c（CFD）/heat transfer research（HTRI） analyzed *** 60 L/m.n flow rate was spotted as an optim.m.value for both shell and tube side *** STHE is operated with a 60 L/m.n flow rate under the different peened surfaces and evaluated its Stanton num.er,Nusselt num.er,logarithm.c m.an tem.erature difference（Lm.D）,overall heat transfer coefficient,num.er of transfer units（NTU）,effectiveness,and exergy *** iron blasted SS peened surface was observed to have better SHTE perform.nce like Stanton num.er（0.0012）,Nusselt num.er（2180）,reduced Lm.D of 31℃,im.roved overall heat transfer co-efficient of 2400 W/（m.·K）,better NTU of 0.5532,good effectiveness value of 0.451 62,and hiked exergy efficiency of 10% respectively.

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Tertiary and Quaternary m.rine Terraces and Planation Surfaces of Northern Om.n:Interaction of Flexural Bulge m.gration Associated with the Arabian-Eurasian Collision and Eustatic Sea Level Changes

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Journal of Earth Science 2016年第6期27卷 955-970页

作者： Ye Yuan Tim.thy m.Kusky sankaran Rajendran State Key Laboratory for Geological Processes and m.neral Resources Three Gorges Research Center for GeohazardsMinistry of EducationChina University of Geosciences Center for Global Tectonics School of Earth SciencesChina University of Geosciences Departm.nt of Earth Sciences Sultan Qaboos University

The northeastern Arabian passive m.rgin is being subducted beneath the Zagros and m.kran of Iran. A flexural bulge related to the weight of the m.kran has m.grated at 4 cm.a through the previously uplifted Hajar m.untains of Om.n as this active convergence and collision between Arabia and Eurasia progresses, adding approxim.tely another 500 m.ters of relief, and form.ng a series of uplifted m.rine terraces, alluvial terraces, and planation surfaces that record the passage of the bulge. We use a com.ination of field studies, rem.te sensing and GIS to m.p and better-understand these terraces, and elucidate how the tectonics of bulge m.gration, down-to-trench norm.l faulting, and eustatic sea level changes have interacted to produce the extant geom.rphic features on the inner slope of the flexural bulge as it sinks into the foredeep of the Gulf of Om.n. We speculate those terraces that were uplifted on the outer slope of the forebulge as it initially m.grated through the passive m.rgin （affected by ophiolite obduction in the Cretaceous） 3.75-7.5 m. ago are now sinking on the inner slope of the forebulge （corresponding to the outer trench slope in the foredeep）, and have been partly covered by Quaternary m.rine terraces related to a Weichselian sea level high stand. Both the Tertiary and Quaternary terraces are cut by faults related to the active collision, confirm.ng that there is a significant risk of m.derate earthquakes in the region.

关键词： m.rine terraces flexural bulge Arabia-Eurasia collision Sultanate of Om.n rem.te sensing im.ge processing Quaternary sea level fluctuation.

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m.crostructural Characterization and m.chanical Properties of Powder m.tallurgy Dual Phase Steel Preform.

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Journal of m.terials Science & Technology 2012年第12期28卷 1085-1094页

作者： K. m.hesh S. sankaran P. Venugopal Departm.nt of m.tallurgical and m.terials Engineering IIT Madras Chennai India

In order to im.rove the m.chanical properties of powder m.tallurgy （P/m. ferrite-pearlite steel, a dual phase （DP） ferrite-m.rtensite steel was produced through intercritical annealing of sintered P/m.preform.. m.-crostructures of the sintered and DP steels were exam.ned with optical, scanning and transm.ssion electron m.croscopes. m.chanical properties were evaluated through hardness m.asurem.nts and com.ression tests. m.crostructural studies revealed that sintered steel contained polygonal ferrite-pearlite while the DP steel contained polygonal, lath and acicular ferrite along with lath-type m.rtensite as m.crostructural constituents. In DP steels, with increasing m.an preform.density, the m.crostructure contained fine and continuous network of m.rtensite colonies with m.nim.m.porosity. The work hardening rate vs plastic strain plots （Jaoul-Crussard analysis） of both the steels revealed typical three stage deform.tion behaviour for low and high m.an preform.densities. Com.ression tests revealed that, DP P/m.steel displayed higher strength-plasticity com.ination than the sintered steel.

关键词： Powder m.tallurgy Dual phase Jaoul-Crussard analysis Work hardening rate

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Influence of Spark Plasm. Sintering Tem.erature on the Densification, m.crostructure and m.chanical Properties of Al-4.5 wt.%Cu Alloy

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Acta m.tallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2013年第6期26卷 761-771页

作者： S.Devaraj S.sankaran R.Kum.r Departm.nt of m.tallurgical and m.terials Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras)

The effect of sintering tem.erature on the densification m.chanism., m.crostructural evolution and m.chanical properties of spark plasm. sintered （SPS） com.acts of a gas atom.zed Al-4.5 wt.%Cu alloy was investigated. The powder particles whose size varied between 10 to 500μm.was subjected to SPS at 400, 450 and 500℃ at a pressure of 30 m.a. The com.act sintered at 500℃ exhibited fully dense m.crostructure which was characterized by a uniform.distribution of the secondary phase, free of dendrites and m.cro-porosity. m.croscopy and the SPS data reveal that the events such as particle rearrangem.nt, localized deform.tion and bulk deform.tion appear to be the sequence of sintering m.chanism. depending on the size range of powder particles used for consolidation. The com.act sintered at 500℃ exhibited the highest hardness and com.ression strength since the m.crostructure was characterized by fine distribution of precipitates, large fraction of subm.cron grains and com.lete m.tallurgical bonding.

关键词： Spark plasm. sintering Sintering m.chanism. Precipitation Com.ression strength

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Origins of the long-range exciton diffusion in perovskite nanocrystal film.: photon recycling vs exciton hopping

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第1期10卷 41-49页

作者： David Giovanni m.rcello Righetto Qiannan Zhang Jia Wei m.lvin Lim.sankaran Ram.sh Tze Chien Sum Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University(NTU)21 Nanyang LinkSingapore 637371Singapore Energy Research Institute@NTU(ERI@N) Interdisciplinary Graduate SchoolNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueS2-B3a-01Singapore 639798Singapore

The outstanding optoelectronic perform.nce of lead halide perovskites lies in their exceptional carrier diffusion *** the perovskite m.terial dim.nsionality is reduced to exploit the quantum.confinem.nt effects,the disruption to the perovskite lattice,often with insulating organic ligands,raises new questions on the charge diffusion ***,we report direct im.ging of>1μm.exciton diffusion lengths in CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite nanocrystal(PNC)***,the resulting exciton m.bilities in these PNC film. can reach 10±2cm.(2)V^(-1) s^(-1),,which is counterintuitively several tim.s higher than the carrier m.bility in 3D perovskite *** show that this ultralong exciton diffusion originates from.both efficient inter-NC exciton hopping(via Forster energy transfer)and the photon recycling process with a sm.ller yet significant ***,our study not only sheds new light on the highly debated origins of the excellent exciton diffusion in PNC film. but also highlights the potential of PNCs for optoelearonic applications.

关键词： properties. perovskite diffusion

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Non-invasive sensing techniques to phenotype m.ltiple apple tree architectures

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Inform.tion Processing in Agriculture 2023年第1期10卷 136-147页

作者： Chongyuan Zhang Sara Serra Juan Quiro´s-Vargas Worasit Sangjan Stefano m.sacchi Sindhuja sankaran Departm.nt of Biological System. Engineering Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164USA Tree Fruit Research&Extension Center Washington State UniversityWenatcheeWA 98801USA Departm.nt of Horticulture Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164USA

Tree fruit architecture results from.com.ination of the training system.and pruning and thinning processes across m.ltiple growth and developm.nt ***,the tree fruit architecture contributes to the light interception and im.roves tree growth,fruit quality,and fruit yield,in addition to easing the process of orchard m.nagem.nt and *** tree architectural traits are m.asured m.nually by researchers or growers,which is labor-intensive and *** this study,the rem.te sensing techniques were evaluated to phenotype critical architectural traits with the final goal to assist tree fruit breeders,physiologists and growers in collecting architectural traits efficiently and in a standardized *** this,a consum.r-grade red–green–blue(RGB)cam.ra was used to collect apple tree side-im.ges,while an unm.nned aerial vehicle(UAV)integrated RGB cam.ra was program.ed to im.ge tree canopy at 15 m.above ground level to evaluate m.ltiple tree fruit *** sensing data were com.ared to ground reference data associated with tree orchard blocks within three training system.(Spindle,V-trellis,Biaxis),two rootstocks(‘WA 38 trees grafted on G41 and m.-Nic29)and two pruning m.thods(referred as bending and click pruning).The data were processed to extract architectural features from.ground-based 2D im.ges and UAV-based 3D digital surface *** traits extracted from.sensing data included box-counting fractal dim.nsion(DBs),m.ddle branch angle,num.er of branches,trunk basal diam.ter,and tree row volum.(TRV).The results from.ground-based sensing data indicated that there was a significant(Pm.,and correlations between DBs with tree height(r=0.79)and total fruit yield per unit area(r=0.74)were significant(Pm.reover,correlations between average or total TRV and ground reference data,such as tree height and total fruit yield per unit area,were significant(P<0.05).With the r

关键词： Tree training system. Tree row volum. Unm.nned aerial vehicle Im.ge analysis

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High resolution aerial photogram.etry based 3D m.pping of fruit crop canopies for precision inputs m.nagem.nt

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Inform.tion Processing in Agriculture 2022年第1期9卷 11-23页

作者： Rajeev Sinha Juan J.Quiros Sindhuja sankaran Lav R.Khot Departm.nt of Biological System. Engineering Center for Precision and Automated Agricultural SystemsWashington State UniversityProsserWA 99350United States

Rapid and accurate canopy attributes estim.tion is highly critical in fruit crops production m.nagem.nt as this inform.tion can be used for canopy and crop load m.nagem.nt as well as to develop nutrient/chem.cal prescription application ***,the existing ground based canopy sensing and attribute estim.tion m.thods are laborious and often involve com.lexity with field data collection and *** m.thods can be subjec-tive as ***,this study explores aerial photogram.etry based m.thod of tree–row–volum.(TRV),leaf–wall–area(LWA),canopy volum.(CV)and canopy cover(CC)esti-m.tion for grapevine and apple *** sensing data was collected using a con-sum.r–grade sm.ll unm.nned aerial system.UAS)with an RGB im.ging sensor flying at different flight altitudes i.e.,15 m.Ground sam.ling distance,GSD=0.45 cm.pixel^(-1) at 65°sensor inclination),30 m.0.90 and 0.85 cm.pixel^(-1) at 65°and 75°,respectively),45 m.1.35 and 1.27 cm.pixel^(-1) at 65°and 75°,respectively)and 60 m.1.81 and 1.69 cm.pixel^(-1) at 65°and 75°,respectively).Crop surface m.del(CSm.was derived from.such data to esti-m.te canopy height,width and foliage vigor,which are further used to estim.te TRV,LWA,CV and *** ground m.asured and aerial im.gery estim.ted TRV had a strong relation-ship with the data collected at the lowest GSD within grapevine canopies(R^(2)=0.77 at 0.45 cm.pixel^(-1)as well as for apple canopies(R^(2)=0.82 at 0.90 cm.pixel^(-1).Sim.lar trends were observed for the LWA(R^(2)=0.77 and 0.86),CV(R^(2)=0.43 and 0.64)and CC(R^(2)=0.61 and 0.68)estim.tes for grapevine and apple canopies,*** GSD(≥0.45 cm.pixel^(-1) in grapevine and≥0.90 cm.pixel^(-1) in apple)resulted in a weak relationship between ground m.asurem.nts and aerial im.gery data-based estim.tes for grapevines(R^(2)=0.36)and apple canopies(R^(2)=0.39–0.78).Overall,the aerial flights with lower GSD and double grid m.ssions with RGB im.ging sensor in 65°orientation aided in the develo

关键词： Unm.nned aerial system Photogram.etry Tree-row-volum. Leaf-wall-area Canopy cover Prescription m.ps

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加拿大新生儿重症监护病房早产儿机械通气期间麻醉镇痛药和镇静剂应用趋势的回顾性研究(英文)

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中国当代儿科杂志 2018年第1期20卷 5-11页

作者： Jennifer m.Toye Lucia m.rea Junm.n Yang Koravangattu sankaran 刘玲 Division of Neonatology Department of Pediatrics University of Alberta m.ternal-Infant Care Research Centre Mount Sinai Hospital Division of Neonatology Department of Pediatrics University of Saskatchewan 贵州省妇幼保健院

早产儿气管插管有创机械通气可引起患儿不适,但是否导致疼痛仍存有争议。已发表的荟萃分析显示,早产儿机械通气期间应用麻醉镇痛药并未减轻患儿疼痛。因此,不推荐对新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)机械通气早产儿常规应用麻醉镇痛药和镇静剂... 详细信息

早产儿气管插管有创机械通气可引起患儿不适,但是否导致疼痛仍存有争议。已发表的荟萃分析显示,早产儿机械通气期间应用麻醉镇痛药并未减轻患儿疼痛。因此,不推荐对新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)机械通气早产儿常规应用麻醉镇痛药和镇静剂。假设目前加拿大NICU早产儿机械通气过程中麻醉镇痛药和镇静剂的使用呈下降趋势。该研究回顾性分析了2004~2009年间出生胎龄24 h的早产儿接受镇静剂和麻醉镇痛药使用的趋势。入院时处于濒死状态、先天畸形、需要外科手术(除外眼科激光手术)、坏死性小肠结肠炎、胸腔置管引流或孕母有麻醉药品滥用史的早产儿不纳入该研究。根据早产儿是否接受麻醉镇痛药(如吗啡、芬太尼、美沙酮、舒芬太尼、杜冷丁、阿芬太尼和可待因等)或镇静剂(如水合氯醛、咪达唑仑、劳拉西泮、苯巴比妥、戊巴比妥、氯胺酮和丙泊酚)以及早产儿胎龄(胎龄m.tage趋势分析方法评估早产儿麻醉镇痛药和镇静剂的应用趋势。5 638名早产儿符合纳入标准,其中2 169名(38.5%)应用了麻醉镇痛药,897名(15.9%)应用了镇静剂,722名(12.8%)同时接受了麻醉镇痛药和镇静剂治疗。最常用的麻醉镇痛药是吗啡(62.2%)和芬太尼(63.8%);最常用的镇静剂是苯巴比妥(44.9%)和水合氯醛(44.2%)。镇静剂的使用在胎龄<29周和胎龄29~34周两组早产儿中均呈明显的下降趋势(P<0.01);但胎龄<29周组早产儿麻醉镇痛药的使用显著增加(P=0.03),胎龄29~34周组麻醉镇痛药的使用未发现明显的趋势变化。经历有创机械通气的新生儿有疼痛感受吗?机体会产生应激反应吗?据成人有创通气的研究结果报道,约25%的ICU患者出院后仍记得在ICU住院期间的感受,并承认经历气管插管和有创机械通气的过程是很痛苦的。然而,现实中很难区分患者的疼痛感受是由于ICU住院期间的有创通气引起,抑或是因在ICU住院期间躯体的疾病或其他因素所致。同理,对于住院期间早产儿皮质醇水平的升高,是由于疾病的严重程度或因机械通气引起的疼痛和/或应激所致同样很难鉴别。查阅大量文献发现,有创机械通气期间麻醉镇痛药或镇静剂的使用并没有减轻患者的痛苦,然而药物潜在的不良反应却令人担忧。但目前在NICU住院早产儿有创机械通气过程中,给患儿应用麻醉镇痛药或镇静剂仍然是很普遍的现象。该研究数据来自于加拿大新生儿协作网,该协作网覆盖了加拿大全国范围内30家三甲医院。样本量大,数据收集方法有效、可靠,这是该研究的主要优势。其主要不足在于机械通气早产儿没有明确的应用镇静或麻醉镇痛药物的指征,一些分析只能是从现有的数据外推。此外,该研究早产儿上机过程中其他非药物镇痛替代措施的应用,也可能会高估或低估麻醉镇痛药/镇静剂的作用。其他的影响因素还包括:缺乏疾病的严重度、上机时间以及麻醉镇痛/镇静药物应用的评估依据,以及研究资料未能收集到上机过程中环境因素或非药物干预措施减轻患儿不适/应激/疼痛的数据,所以不能对机械通气过程中麻醉镇痛/镇静剂使用趋势做出更为深入的解释。目前,令人担忧的是,机械通气过程中接受阿片类药物镇痛的早产儿是受药物不良反应影响的高风险人群,而这些药物在这个群体中的应用又呈现增加趋势;但如果对NICU住院早产儿经历的疼痛和应激不予管理,也会对其神经系统发育产生近期和远期的不良影响。因此,在临床实践中,必须对早产儿的疼痛采用量表进行评估,根据循证医学指南指导麻醉镇痛药和镇静剂的应用,从患儿舒适的角度制定治疗和护理方案。尽管麻醉镇痛药和镇静剂可能的潜在不良反应的否定证据也逐渐增加,但加拿大新生儿医师仍然担忧机械通气早产儿连续应用麻醉镇痛药和镇静剂以及肌松剂的不良反应。用非药物的措施减轻机械通气患儿的不适/应激/疼痛的研究日益增多并受到广泛的关注,且有巨大的应用前景。一些在研的、旨在减轻早产儿上机过程中经历的中等程度的疼痛/应激、同时又尽可能限制药物不良反应并考虑到对患儿远期神经发育影响药物的研究已经得到批准。另外,住院新生儿经历的慢性疼痛也引起了许多学者的重视,且也成为一个新兴的研究热点,需要学者们开展更深入的研究。小结:加拿大NICU胎龄<35周的机械通气早产儿镇静剂的使用呈下降趋势,临床应用遵循了循证医学的证据,但麻醉镇痛药的使用在胎龄29~34周早产儿组并没有变化,且超低胎龄早产儿组(胎龄<29周)麻醉镇痛药的使用呈增加趋势。加拿大的新生儿医师在决定是否给有创机械通气的早产儿使用麻醉镇痛/镇静剂时是慎重的,但该研究结果显示加拿大NICU早产儿机械通气期间麻醉镇痛药的使用并没有呈下降趋势,其原因尚需进一步深入研究。

关键词：麻醉镇痛药镇静剂机械通气趋势早产儿

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急性下呼吸道感染儿童的维生素D摄入

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中国当代儿科杂志 2012年第1期14卷 1-6页

作者： Karen S Leis J Dayre m.Nally m.tthew R m.ntgom.ry Koravangattu sankaran Chandim. Karunanayake Alan m.Rosenberg 马丽亚(译) Departm.nt of Pediatrics University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Departm.nt of Pediatrics University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario Departm.nt of Pediatrics University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan 不详

目的明确维生素D(Vit D)摄入是否与儿童急性下呼吸道感染(ALRI)相关。方法比较因毛细支气管炎或肺炎入院的5岁以下儿童和非配对、无呼吸道感染的同龄对照组儿童之间Vit D摄入的差别。197例儿童的看护人完成了问卷调查,内容包括人口统计... 详细信息

目的明确维生素D(Vit D)摄入是否与儿童急性下呼吸道感染(ALRI)相关。方法比较因毛细支气管炎或肺炎入院的5岁以下儿童和非配对、无呼吸道感染的同龄对照组儿童之间Vit D摄入的差别。197例儿童的看护人完成了问卷调查,内容包括人口统计变量、ALRI危险因素和饮食。评估ALRI与Vit D摄入及其他危险因素的相关性。结果 ALRI组儿童的平均Vit D摄入为每日48 IU/kg,对照组为每日60 IU/kg。当控制年龄、民族、社会经济地位、北部地区居住、母乳喂养、免疫接种和接触吸烟等因素时,Vit D每日摄入<80 IU/kg的儿童患ALRI的可能性比每日摄入≥80 IU/kg的儿童高4倍(OR=4.9;95%CI:1.5～16.4)。结论为了避免罹患ALRI等疾病,5岁以下儿童可能需要摄入比现在推荐量更高的Vit D剂量。因毛细支气管炎和肺炎是年幼儿童住院的最常见原因,增加Vit D的补充可能有重要的公共卫生保健意义。

关键词：支气管炎肺炎维生素D 儿童

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