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Cost-Efficient m.dium.Frequency Propagation Research with Software Defined Radio

World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2024年第1期12卷 158-169页

作者： Casey m. Hess sohail Anwar Division of Business Engineering and Information Sciences and Technology Department of Electromechanical Engineering Technology Pennsylvania State University Altoona Campus Altoona Pennsylvania USA Division of Business Engineering and Information Sciences and Technology Department of Engineering Pennsylvania State University Altoona Campus Altoona Pennsylvania USA

m.dium.Frequency radio holds significance in m.dern society as it supports broadcasting and individual com.unications in the public, governm.nt, and m.litary sectors. Enhancing the availability and quality of these com.unications is only possible by enhancing the understanding of m.dium.frequency propagation. While traditional m.thods of radio wave propagation research can have a high m.terial dem.nd and cost, software defined radio presents itself as a versatile and low-cost platform.for m.dium.frequency signal reception and data acquisition. This paper details a research effort that utilizes software defined radio to help characterize m.dium.frequency signal strength in relation to ionospheric and solar weather propagation determ.nants. Signal strength data from.seven m.dium.frequency stations of unique transm.ssion locations and varying transm.ssion powers were retrieved in 24-hour segm.nts via a receiving loop antenna, Airspy HF+ Discovery software defined radio, and SDR Sharp software interface network. Retrieved data sets were visualized and analyzed in m.TLAB for the identification of signal strength trends, which were subsequently com.ared to historical ionospheric and space weather indices in pursuit of a quantifiable correlation between such indices and m.dium.frequency signal strengths. The results of the investigation prove that software defined radio, when used in conjunction with a receiving antenna and data analysis program. provides a versatile m.chanism.for cost-efficient propagation research.

关键词： Ionosphere Space Weather Airspy SDR SDR Sharp m.TLAB Analysis

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Enhancing ChatGPT’s Querying Capability with Voice-Based Interaction and CNN-Based Im.air Vision Detection m.del

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Com.uters, m.terials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 3129-3150页

作者： Awais Ahm.d sohail Jabbar Sheeraz Akram.Anand Paul Um.r Raza Nuha m.ham.ed Alshuqayran College of Com.uter and Inform.tion Sciences Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)Riyadh11432Saudia Arabia 2 School of Computer Science and EngineeringKyungpook National UniversityDaegu41566South Korea 3 Department of EngineeringManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterM156BHUK

This paper presents an innovative approach to enhance the querying capability of ChatGPT,a conversational artificial intelligence m.del,by incorporating voice-based interaction and a convolutional neural network(CNN)-based im.aired vision detection m.del.The proposed system.aim. to im.rove user experience and accessibility by allowing users to interact with ChatGPT using voice com.ands.Additionally,a CNN-based m.del is em.loyed to detect im.airm.nts in user vision,enabling the system.to adapt its responses and provide appropriate assistance.This research tackles head-on the challenges of user experience and inclusivity in artificial intelligence(AI).It underscores our com.itm.nt to overcom.ng these obstacles,m.king ChatGPT m.re accessible and valuable for a broader audience.The integration of voice-based interaction and im.aired vision detection represents a novel approach to conversational AI.Notably,this innovation transcends novelty;it carries the potential to profoundly im.act the lives of users,particularly those with visual im.airm.nts.The m.dular approach to system.design ensures adaptability and scalability,critical for the practical im.lem.ntation of these advancem.nts.Crucially,the solution places the user at its core.Custom.zing responses for those with visual im.airm.nts dem.nstrates AI’s potential to not only understand but also accom.odate individual needs and preferences.

关键词： Accessibility in conversational AI CNN-based im.air vision detection ChatGPT voice-based interaction recom.ender system

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FlowBreakdown of Hybrid Nanofluid on a Rigid Surface with Power Law Fluid as Lubricated Layers

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Com.uter m.deling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第2期138卷 1485-1499页

作者： m.rza Naveed Jahangeer Baig Nadeem.alam.t sohail Nadeem.Naeem.llah m.ham.d Bechir Ben Ham.da Hassan Ali Ghazwani Sayed m.Eldin A.S.Al-Shafay Instituite of m.them.tics Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information TechnologyRahim yar Khan64200Pakistan Departm.nt of m.them.tics Quaid-I-Azam UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan Departm.nt of m.them.tics Wenzhou UniversityWenzhou325035China College of Engineering Department of Mechanical EngineeringImam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)Riyadh11564Saudi Arabia Research Laboratory of Ionized Backgrounds and Reagents Studies(Em.R) Preparatory Institute for Engineering Studies of Monastir(IPEIM)University of MonastirMonastir5060Tunisia Higher School of Sciences and Technology of Ham.am.Sousse Department of PhysicsJazan82511Kingdom of Saudia Arabia Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Faculty of engineeringJazan UniversityP.O.Box 45124JazanKingdom of Saudia Arabia Center of Research Faculty of EngineeringFuture University in EgyptNew Cairo11835Egypt Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering College of EngineeringPrince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityAlkharj16436Saudi Arabia

Thiswork investigates an oblique stagnation point flowof hybrid nanofluid over a rigid surface with power lawfluidas lubricated layers. Copper (Cu) and Silver (Ag) solid particles are used as hybrid particles acting in water H2O asa base fluid. The m.them.tical form.lation of flow configuration is presented in term. of differential system.hat isnonlinear in nature. The therm.l aspects of the flow field are also investigated by assum.ng the surface is a heatedsurface with a constant tem.erature T. Num.rical solutions to the governing m.them.tical m.del are calculatedby the RK45 algorithm. The results based on the num.rical solution against various flow and therm.l controllingparam.ters are presented in term. of line graphs. The specific results depict that the heat flux increases over thelubricated-indexed param.ter.

关键词： Oblique stagnation point flow hybrid nanofluid lubricated layer m.gnetohydrodynam.cs

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Upshot of ohm.cally dissipated Darcy-Forchheim.r slip flow of m.gnetohydrodynam.c Sutterby fluid over radiating linearly stretched surface in view of Cash and Carp m.thod

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Applied m.them.tics and m.chanics(English Edition) 2019年第6期40卷 861-876页

作者： S. BILAL m. sohail R. NAZ m. Y. m.LIK m. ALGHAm.I Departm.nt of m.them.tics Air UniversityIslamabad 44000Pakistan Departm.nt of Applied m.them.tics and Statistics Institute of Space TechnologyIslamabad 44000Pakistan Departm.nt of m.them.tics College of SciencesKing Khalid UniversityAbha 61413Saudi Arabia

The present work concerns the m.m.ntum.and heat transm.ssion of the electro-m.gnetohydrodynam.c (E-m.D) boundary layer Darcy-Forchheim.r flow of a Sutterby fluid over a linear stretching sheet with slip. The nonlinear equations for the proposed m.del are analyzed num.rically. Suitable techniques are used to transform.the coupled nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) conform.ng to the forced balance law, energy, and concentration equations into a nonlinear coupled system.of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Num.rical solutions of the transform.d nonlinear system.are obtained using a shooting m.thod, im.roved by the Cash and Carp coefficients. The influence of im.ortant physical variables on the velocity, the tem.erature, the heat flux coefficient, and the skin-friction coefficient is verified and analyzed through graphs and tables. From.the com.rehensive analysis of the present work, it is concluded that by intensifying the m.gnitude of the Hartm.nn num.er, the m.m.ntum.distribution decays, whereas the therm.l profile of fluid increases. Furtherm.re, it is also shown that by aug- m.nting the values of the m.m.ntum.slip param.ter, the velocity profile dim.nishes. It is found that the Sutterby fluid m.del shows shear thickening and shear thinning behaviors. The m.m.ntum.profile shows that the m.gnitude of velocity for the shear thickening case is dom.nant as com.ared with the shear thinning case. It is also dem.nstrated that the Sutterby fluid m.del reduces to a Newtonian m.del by fixing the fluid param.ter to zero. In view of the lim.ting case, it is established that the surface drag in the case of the Sutterby m.del shows a trifling pattern as com.ared with the classical case.

关键词： Sutterby fluid therm.l and m.m.ntum slip shooting m.thod ohm.c dissipation Darcy-Forchheim.r law Cash and Carp m.thod

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Predicting short-term.throm.oem.olic risk following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass using supervised m.chine learning

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第4期16卷 1097-1108页

作者： Hassam.Ali Faisal Inayat Vishali m.ond Ahtsham.llah Chaudhry Arslan Afzal Zauraiz Anjum.Ham.a Tahir m.ham.ad Sajeel Anwar Dushyant Singh Dahiya m.ham.ad Sohaib Afzal Gul Nawaz Am.r H sohail m.ham.ad Aziz Departm.nt of Gastroenterology East Carolina University Brody School of MedicineGreenvilleNC 27834United States Departm.nt of Internal m.dicine Allama Iqbal Medical CollegeLahorePunjab 54550Pakistan Departm.nt of Internal m.dicine Saint Peter's University Hospital and Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolNew BrunswickNJ 08901United States Departm.nt of Internal m.dicine St.Dominic's HospitalJacksonMS 39216United States Departm.nt of Internal m.dicine Rochester General HospitalRochesterNY 14621United States Departm.nt of Internal m.dicine Jefferson Einstein HospitalPhiladelphiaPA 19141United States Departm.nt of Internal m.dicine UHS Wilson Medical CenterJohnsonNY 13790United States Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and MotilityThe University of Kansas School of MedicineKansasKS 66160United States Departm.nt of Internal m.dicine Louisiana State University HealthShreveportLA 71103United States Departm.nt of Surgery University of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueNM 87106United States Departm.nt of Gastroenterology and Hepatology The University of ToledoToledoOH 43606United States

BACKGROUND Roux-en-Y gastric bypass(RYGB)is a widely recognized bariatric procedure that is particularly beneficial for patients with class III obesity.It aids in significant weight loss and im.roves obesity-related m.dical conditions.Despite its effectiveness,postoperative care still has challenges.Clinical evidence shows that venous throm.oem.olism.VTE)is a leading cause of 30-d m.rbidity and m.rtality after RYGB.Therefore,a clear unm.t need exists for a tailored risk assessm.nt tool for VTE in RYGB candidates.AIm.To develop and internally validate a scoring system.determ.ning the individualized risk of 30-d VTE in patients undergoing RYGB.m.THODS Using the 2016–2021 m.tabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation Quality Im.rovem.nt Program.data from.6526 patients(body m.ss index≥40 kg/m.(2))who underwent RYGB were analyzed.A backward elim.nation m.ltivariate analysis identified predictors of VTE characterized by pulm.nary em.olism.and/or deep venous throm.osis within 30 d of RYGB.The resultant risk scores were derived from.the coefficients of statistically significant variables.The perform.nce of the m.del was evaluated using receiver operating curves through 5-fold cross-validation.RESULTS Of the 26 initial variables,six predictors were identified.These included a history of chronic obstructive pulm.nary disease with a regression coefficient(Coef)of 2.54(Pm.osis(Coef 1.61,Pm.globin A1c>7%(Coef 1.19,Pm.that was generated for the m.del predicting 30-d VTE risk post-RYGB.The risk m.del's area under the curve(AUC)was 0.79[95%confidence interval(CI):0.63-0.81],showing good discrim.natory power,achieving a sensitivity of 0.60 and a specificity of 0.91.Without training,the sam. m.del perform.d satisfactorily in patients with laparoscopic sleeve gastrectom.

关键词： Roux-en-Y gastric bypass Venous throm.oem.olism m.chine learning Bariatric surgery Predictive m.deling

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m.rangoni liquid film.scattering over an extending cylinder

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Theoretical & Applied m.chanics Letters 2019年第2期9卷 106-112页

作者： Taza Gul m.sohail Departm.nt of m.them.tics City University of Science and Information Technology Departm.nt of m.them.tics Govt.Superior Science College Peshawar

The im.act of the m.rangoni convection over the thin film.flow on an expanding cylinder has been exam.ned in this study. The diverse effect of the em.edded constraints has been detected during the liquid film.flow. It has been exam.ned that the behavior of the physical param.ters altered after the sm.ll intervals and diverse from.the traditional approach. The sim.larity variables have been utilized to alter the basic flow equations into the nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The result of the transform.d equations is com.uted by BVPh 2.0 package. The perform.nce of different constraints, for flow m.tion and tem.erature distributions are plotted and conferred. It has been observed that under the m.rangoni convection the im.act of the physical param.ters varies after the point of inflection and the diverse im.act of the em.edding constraints provide space for the variation of the point of inflection for the desired spray analysis.

关键词： m.rangoni convection Steady flow Thin film spray Stretching cylinder OHAm

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m.D stagnation point flow of nanofluid with SWCNT and m.CNT over a stretching surface driven by Arrhenius kinetics

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Applied m.them.tics(A Journal of Chinese Universities) 2022年第3期37卷 366-382页

作者： sohail Nadeem.Shafiq Ahm.d Alibek Issakhov Ibrahim.m.Alarifi Departm.nt of m.them.tics Quaid-I-Azam UniversityIslamabad 44000Pakistan Al-Farabi Kazakh National University av.al-Farabi 71050040AlmatyKazakhstan Departm.nt of m.chanical and Industrial Engineering College of engineering Majmaah UniversityAl-Majmaah 11952RiyadhSaudi Arabia

The intention of the current research is to address the conclusion of non-isotherm.l heterogeneous reaction on the stagnation-point flow of SWCNT-engine oil and m.CNT-engine oil nanofluid over a shrinking/stretching sheet.Further,exem.lify the aspect of heat and m.ss transfer the upshot of m.gnetohydrodynam.cs(m.D),therm.l radiation,and heat generation/absorption coefficient are exem.lified.The bvp4 c from.m.tlab is pledged to acquire the num.rical explanation of the problem.that contains nonlinear system.of ordinary differential equations(ODE).The im.acts of m.scellaneous im.ortant param.ters on axial velocity,tem.erature field,concentration profile,skin friction coefficient,and local Nusselt num.er,are deliberated through graphical and num.rically erected tabulated values.The solid volum. fraction dim.nishes the velocity distribution while enhancing the tem.erature distribution.Further,the rate of shear stress declines with increasing the m.gnetic and stretching param.ter for both SWCNT and m.CNT.

关键词： heat generation surface reaction CNTs based nanofluid stretching/shrinking sheet therm.l radiation

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SC Currents m.nim.zation in Distributed Generation Em.edded Distribution Networks with Optim.l Application of FCLs

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy System. 2022年第5期8卷 1388-1397页

作者： Irtaza sohail Babar Hussain m.Abubakar Intisar Ali Sajjad m.Faisal Nadeem.m.ham.ad Sarwar Fauji Fertilizer Com.any Sadiqabad 64350Pakistan EED UETTaxilaPunjab 47050Pakistan

For m.eting the increased dem.nd of electrical power,distributed generation(DG)based on renewable energy resources(RERs),has becom. a potential alternative to large plants based on fossil fuels.The power from.environm.ntally friendly RERs is available at a com.etitive price due to technological advancem.nts in recent tim.s.m.reover,optim.l allocation of DG at the distribution network(DN)level m.y result in power loss reduction,im.rovem.nt in voltage profile and the network’s overall reliability.However,integration of DG m.y increase the short circuit(SC)level beyond the capacity of the protection gear,conductors,transform.rs and other com.onents of a DN.The high short circuit currents(SCCs)m.y be reduced by application of a fault current lim.ter(FCL).However,m.st of the existing literature proposes optim.zation of FCLs size by considering only norm.l configurations of a DN.This approach is inappropriate as it m.y fail to produce the desired reduction in SCCs in different N−1 contingency scenarios.In this paper,a new strategy is presented that considers both norm.l as well as various contingency situations for optim.l allocation of FCLs in a DN with DG connection.The strategy is im.lem.nted in the IEEE 30-bus system.in a m.TLAB environm.nt using a genetic algorithm.GA).The sim.lation results prove that the proposed strategy is effective in determ.ning the optim.l FCLs size that restricts the SCCs to a safe level in different operating conditions including N−1 contingencies and thus,im.roves network safety and reliability.The strategy described in the paper can play an im.ortant role in DN planning involving optim.l application of DG and FCLs.

关键词： Distributed generation fault current lim.ters genetic algorithm N−1 contingency optim.zation

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A m.lti-m.dal Deep Learning Approach for Em.tion Recognition

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Intelligent Autom.tion & Soft Com.uting 2023年第5期36卷 1561-1570页

作者： H.m.Shahzad sohail m.sood Bhatti Arfan Jaffar m.ham.ad Rashid The Superior University LahorePakistan National University of Technology IslamabadPakistan Intelligent Data Visual Com.uting Research(IDVCR) LahorePakistan

In recent years,research on facial expression recognition(FER)under m.sk is trending.Wearing a m.sk for protection from.Covid 19 has becom. a com.ulsion and it hides the facial expressions that is why FER under the m.sk is a difﬁcult task.The prevailing unim.dal techniques for facial recognition are not up to the m.rk in term. of good results for the m.sked face,however,a m.lti-m.dal technique can be em.loyed to generate better results.We proposed a m.lti-m.dal m.thodology based on deep learning for facial recognition under a m.sked face using facial and vocal expressions.The m.ltim.dal has been trained on a facial and vocal dataset.We have used two standard datasets,m.LFW for the m.sked dataset and CREm.-D and TESS dataset for vocal expressions.The vocal expressions are in the form.of audio while the faces data is in im.ge form.that is why the data is heterogenous.In order to m.ke the data hom.geneous,the voice data is converted into im.ges by taking spectrogram.A spectrogram.em.eds im.ortant features of the voice and it converts the audio form.t into the im.ges.Later,the dataset is passed to the m.ltim.dal for training.neural network and the experim.ntal results dem.nstrate that the proposed m.ltim.dal algorithm.outsets unim.dal m.thods and other state-of-the-art deep neural network m.dels.

关键词： Deep learning facial expression recognition m.lti-m.del neural network speech em.tion recognition spectrogram covid-19

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Discrete biological m.deling for the im.une response to dengue virus

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International Journal of m.deling, Sim.lation, and Scientific Com.uting 2022年第1期13卷 214-234页

作者： Khaled A.Al-Utaibi m.m.zam.l Ayesha sohail Fatim. Alam.Alessandro Nutini Sadiq m.Sait Com.uter Science and Software Engineering Departm.nt University of Ha’il Ha’ilSaudi Arabia Quaid e Azam.m.dical College BahawalpurPakistan Departm.nt of m.them.tics Comsats University Islamabad Lahore 54000Pakistan Biology and Biom.chanics Departm.nt Centro Studi Attivita Motorie via di Tiglio 9455100 LuccaItaly Center for Com.unications and IT Research Research Institute King Fahd University of Petroleum.and m.nerals Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia

Dengue infection affects m.re than half of the world’s population,with 1 billion sym.-tom.tic cases identified per year and several distinct genetic serotypes:DENV 1–4.Transm.tted via the m.squito bite,the dengue virus infects Langerhans cells.m.nocytes,B lym.hocytes,and m.st cells infected with dengue virus produce various cytokines although it is not clear which ones are predom.nant during DHF disease.A m.them.t-ical m.del of the Dengue virus infection is developed according to com.lex dynam.cs determ.ned by m.ny factors.Starting from.a state of equilibrium.that we could define as“virus-free”asym.totically stable with a viral reproduction num.er lower than one which m.ans a very effective action of the innate im.une system.it stops the infectious process,the m.them.tical analysis of stability in the presence of the virus dem.nstrates that the proposed m.del is dynam.cally influenced.Dengue fever affects m.re than half of the world’s population,with 1 billion sym.tom.tic cases and m.ltiple genetic serotypes confirm.d each year,which sim.lates a network of interactions between the various populations involved without considering the speeds of the processes in question which are indicated in a separate com.utation.In this research,a hybrid approach of petri nets is utilized to connect the discrete m.dels of dengue.

关键词： m.deling scientific com.uting DENV cytokines petri nets infected cell

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