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TLR2 and TLR4 in Parkinson’s disease pathogenesis:the environm.nt takes a toll on the gut

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2021年第4期10卷 611-629页

作者： Anastazja m.Gorecki Chidozie C.Anyaegbu ryan S.Anderton School of Biological Science University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Group Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational ScienceNedlandsWAAustralia Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research InstituteCurtin UniversityNedlandsWAAustralia Faculty of m.dicine Nursing and Midwifery and Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Notre Dame AustraliaFremantleWAAustralia School of Nursing MidwiferyHealth Sciences and PhysiotherapyUniversity of Notre Dame AustraliaFremantleWAAustralia

Parkinson's disease(PD)is an incurable,devastating disorder that is characterized by pathological protein aggregation and neurodegeneration in the substantia *** recent years,growing evidence has im.licated the gut environm.nt and the gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis and progression of PD,especially in a subset of people who exhibit prodrom.l gastrointestinal ***,perturbations of gut hom.ostasis are hypothesized to contribute toα-synuclein aggregation in enteric neurons,which m.y spread to the brain over decades and eventually result in the characteristic central nervous system.m.nifestations of PD,including neurodegeneration and m.tor ***,the m.chanism. linking gut disturbances andα-synuclein aggregation are still unclear.A plethora of research indicates that toll-like receptors(TLRs),especially TLR2 and TLR4;are critical m.diators of gut *** their established role in innate im.unity throughout the body,studies are increasingly dem.nstrating that TLR2 and TLR4 signalling shapes the developm.nt and function of the gut and the enteric nervous ***,TLR2 and TLR4 are dysregulated in patients with PD,and m.y thus be central to early gut dysfunction in *** better understand the putative contribution of intestinal TLR2 and TLR4 dysfunction to earlyα-synuclein aggregation and PD,we critically discuss the role of TLR2 and TLR4 in norm.l gut function as well as evidence for altered TLR2 and TLR4 signalling in PD;by reviewing clinical,anim.l m.del and in vitro *** evidence on the im.unological aetiology ofα-synuclein aggregation is also discussed,with a focus on the interactions ofα-synuclein with TLR2 and *** propose a conceptual m.del of PD pathogenesis in which m.crobial dysbiosis alters the perm.ability of the intestinal barrier as well as TLR2 and TLR4 signalling,ultim.tely leading to a positive feedback loop of chronic gut dysfunction prom.tingα-synuclein aggregation in enteric an

关键词： Parkinson’s disease TLR2 TLR4 α-Synuclein Gut-brain axis Gut barrier Gut hom.ostasis

m.crostructural evolution of a silicon carbide-carbon coated nanostructured ferritic alloy com.osite during in-situ Kr ion irradiation at 300℃ 450℃

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Journal of m.terials Science & Technology 2021年第12期71卷 75-83页

作者： Kaustubh Bawane Kathy Lu Xian-m.ng Bai Jing Hu m.im.i Li Peter m.Bald Edward ryan Departm.nt of m.terials Science and Engineering Virginia TechBlacksburgVAUSA IVEm.Tandem.Facility Argonne National LaboratoryLemontILUSA

This work focuses on irradiation behaviors of a novel silicon carbide and carbon coated nanostructured ferritic alloy(SiC-C@NFA)com.osite for potential applications as a cladding and structural m.terial for next generation nuclear *** SiC-C@NFA sam.les were irradiated with 1 m.V Kr ions up to 10 dpa at 300 and 4500 *** and defect evolution were studied in-situ at the IVEm.Tandem.facility at Argonne National *** effects of ion irradiation on various phases such asα-ferrite m.trix,(Fe,Cr)_(7)C_(3),and(Ti,W)C precipitates were ***α-ferrite m.trix showed a continuous increase in dislocation density along with spatial ordering of dislocation loops(or loop strings)at>5 *** size of the dislocation loops at 450℃was larger than that at 300℃.The nucleation and growth of new(Ti,W)C precipitates inα-ferrite grains were enhanced with the ion dose at 450℃.This study provides new insight into the irradiation resistance of the SiC-C@NFA system.

关键词： In-situ ion irradiation Ferritic steel (FeCr)_(7)C_(3) m.tal m.trix com.osite Fuel cladding

Pseudocapacitive Vanadium.based m.terials toward High-Rate Sodium.Ion Storage

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Energy & Environm.ntal m.terials 2020年第3期3卷 221-234页

作者： Qiulong Wei ryan H.De Block Danielle m.Butts Christopher Choi Bruce Dunn Departm.nt of m.terials Science and Engineering Fujian Key Laboratory of Materials GenomeCollege of MaterialsXiamen UniversityXiamen Fujian 361005China National Research Council Postdoctoral Associate U.S.Naval Research LaboratoryWashington DC 20375USA Departm.nt of m.terials Science and Engineering University of California Los AngelesLos Angeles CA 90095–1595USA

Sodium.ion battery m.terials and devices are prom.sing candidates for largescale applications,owing to the abundance and low cost of sodium.*** sodium.ion pseudocapacitive m.terials provide one approach for achieving high capacity at high rates,but are currently not well ***,a com.rehensive overview of the fundam.ntals and electrochem.cal behaviors of vanadium.based pseudocapacitive m.terials for sodium.ion storage is *** insight of sodium.ion storage m.chanism. for various vanadium.based m.terials,including vanadium.oxides,vanadates,vanadium.sulfides,nitrides,and carbides are system.tically discussed and *** particular,areas for further developm.nt to im.rove fundam.ntal understanding of electrochem.cal and structural properties of m.terials are ***,we provide a perspective on the application of pseudocapacitive m.terials in high-power and high-energy sodium.ion storage devices(e.g.,sodium.ion capacitors).

关键词： charge-storage m.chanism nanom.terials pseudocapacitance sodium.ion capacitors vanadium.based m.terials

Prevalence and factors of work-related m.sculoskeletal disorders am.ng hand surgeons

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2022年第5期13卷 465-471页

作者： Saad m.Alqahtani m.ham.ad m.Alzahrani ryan Bicknell David Pichora Departm.nt of Orthopaedics Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDammam 34212Saudi Arabia Departm.nt of Orthopaedics Queens UniversityKingston K7L 3N6OntarioCanada

BACKGROUND The nature of tasks required by hand surgeons require both forceful and repetitive m.neuvers,thus subjecting these surgeons to the risk of m.sculoskeletal(m.K)injuries during their years in *** To assess the prevalence,characteristics and im.act of m.K disorders am.ng hand *** A m.dified version of the physical discom.ort survey was sent to surgeons who were m.m.ers of the Am.rican Society for Surgery of the Hand via *** collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics,one-way analysis of variance,and Fisher’s exact test.P values ofm.K injury,of which the m.st com.on diagnoses were lateral elbow epicondylitis(18.7%),low back pain(17.1%)and carpal tunnel syndrom.(15.6%).Am.ng those that reported an injury,73.1%required treatm.nt and 29.2%needed tim. off work as a direct result of their *** num.er of work-related injuries incurred by a surgeon increased significantly with increasing age(Pm.K injuries sustained by Hand surgeons with a high *** results should increase awareness on this aspect and fuel future studies directed at preventing these types of work-related injuries,thus m.nim.zing the financial and psychological burden on these surgeons and the healthcare system.

关键词： Hand Surgeon Prevalence m.sculoskeletal disorders Occupational injuries

Apolipoprotein A-V gene therapy for disease prevention/treatm.nt:a critical analysis

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The Journal of Biom.dical Research 2016年第2期30卷 88-93页

作者： Trudy m.Forte Vineeta Sharm. Robert O.ryan Center for Prevention of Obesity Diabetes and Cardiovascular DiseaseChildren's Hospital Oakland Research Institute

Apolipoprotein（apo） A-V is a novel m.m.er of the class of exchangeable apo＇s involved in triacylglycerol（TG）*** a portion of hepatic-derived apoA-V is secreted into plasm. and functions to facilitate lipoprotein Iipase-m.diated TG hydrolysis,another portion is recovered intracellularly,in association with cytosolic lipid *** of apo A-V function is positively correlated with elevated plasm. TG and increased risk of cardiovascular *** nucleotide polym.rphism.（SNP） in the APOA5 locus can affect transcription efficiency or introduce deleterious am.no acid ***,rare m.tations in APOA5 that com.rom.se functionality are associated with increased plasm. TG and prem.ture m.ocardial *** engineered m.use m.dels and hum.n population studies suggest that,in certain instances,supplem.ntation with wild type（WT） apoA-V m.y have therapeutic *** is hypothesized that individuals that m.nifest elevated plasm. TG owing to deleterious APOA5 SNPs or rare m.tations would respond to WT apoA-V supplem.ntation with im.roved plasm. TG *** the other hand,subjects with hypertriglyceridem.a of independent origin（unrelated to apoA-V function） m.y not respond to apoA-V augm.ntation in this *** in the ability to identify individuals predicted to benefit,advances in gene transfer technology and the strong connection between HTG and heart disease,point to apoA-V supplem.ntation as a viable disease prevention / therapeutic *** would include individuals that m.nifest chronic TG elevation,have low plasm. apoA-V due to an APOA5 m.tation/polym.rphism.and not have deleterious m.tations/polym.rphism. in other genes known to influence plasm. TG levels.

关键词： apolipoprotein A-V adeno-associated virus triacylglycerol lipoprotein lipase atherosclerosis single nucleotide polym.rphism.gene therapy

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2021年第11期12卷 891-898页

作者： m.ham.ad m.Alzahrani Saad m.Alqahtani David Pichora ryan Bicknell Departm.nt of Orthopaedics Imam Adulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDammamKSA 34212Saudi Arabia Departm.nt of Orthopaedics Queens UniversityKingston K7L 3N6Canada

BACKGROUND Work-related injuries have gained recent attention,especially in the orthopaedic *** upper extrem.ty orthopaedic surgical tasks require repetitive and constant m.neuvers,these surgeons can be at increased risk of acquiring workrelated m.sculoskeletal(m.K)disorders during their years in *** To assess the prevalence,characteristics and im.act of m.K disorders am.ng upper extrem.ty orthopaedic *** A m.dified version of the physical discom.ort survey was sent to surgeons who were m.m.ers of the Am.rican Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons and the Canadian shoulder and elbow society via *** collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics,one-way analysis of variance,and Fisher's exact test.P values ofm.les and the m.jority were younger than 55 years old(65.5%).A work-related m.K injury was reported by 89.4% of respondents,of which the m.st com.on diagnoses were low back pain(26.1%)and lateral elbow epicondylitis(18.3%).Am.ng those that reported an injury,82.7%required treatm.nt and 26% required tim. off work as a direct result of their *** need to undergo treatm.nt due to the injury was associated with increased num.er of injuries(Pm.reover,surgeons were m.re likely to require tim. off work when they had been in practice for>21 years(Pm.K injuries,with m.re than one quarter of surgeons reported requiring tim. off work due to an m.K *** high incidence of these disorders m.y place a financial and psychological burden on surgeons and affect their ability to provide patient *** of operative ergonom.cs,irrespective of surgical specialty m.y help to decrease or possibly prevent the occurrence of these disorders.

关键词： Upper Extrem.ty Surgeon Prevalence m.sculoskeletal Disorders

m.tal Fabrication by Additive m.nufacturing Using Laser and Electron Beam.m.lting Technologies

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Journal of m.terials Science & Technology 2012年第1期28卷 1-14页

作者： Lawrence E. m.rr Sara m. Gaytan Diana A. Ram.rez Edwin m.rtinez Jennifer Hernandez Krista N. Am.to Patrick W. Shindo Francisco R. m.dina ryan B. Wicker Departm.nt of m.tallurgical and m.terials Engineering The University of Texas at El PasoEl Paso TX 79968 USA W.m. Keck Center for 3D Innovation The University of Texas at El PasoEl Paso TX 79968 USA

Lawrence E. m.rr is m..J m.s. m.cintosh m.rehison Professor and Chairm.n of the Departm.nt of m.tallurgical and m.terials Engineering and Ph.D. Program.Director in the m.terials Research Technology Institute at The University of Texas at El Paso. Dr. m.rr received his ***. in physical science from.Albright College, and his B.S.E.E. in electronics, his m.S. in engineering m.chanics, and his Ph.D. in solidstate science, all from.the Pennsylvania State University. Dr. m.rr has published 20 books, over 750 scientific and technical articles in a wide range of research areas in m.terials science and engineering, environm.ntal science and engineering, m.nufacturing science and engineering （especially rapid prototype/layered m.nufacturing）,

关键词： Selective laser m.lting Electron beam.m.lting Additive m.nufacturing m.crostructures m.crostructural architecture

Scientific observations at total solar eclipses

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Research in Astronom. and Astrophysics 2009年第6期9卷 613-634页

作者： Jay m. Pasachoff William. College-Hopkins Observatory Williamstown Massachusetts 01267 USA California Institute of Technology 150-21 Pasadena CA 91125

The occasion of the longest totality of an eclipse in the 18 yr 11^1/3 d saros cycle leads to taking stock of the scientific value of ground-based eclipse observations in this space age. Though a num.er of space satellites from.the U.S., Europe, Japan, and Russia study the Sun, scientists at eclipses can observe the solar chrom.sphere and corona at higher spatial resolution, at higher tem.oral resolution, and at higher spectral resolution than are possible aloft. Furtherm.re, eclipse expeditions can transport a wide variety of state-of-the-art equipm.nt to the path of totality. Thus, for at least som. years to com., solar eclipse observations will rem.in both scientifically valuable and cost-effective ways to study the outer solar atm.sphere.

关键词： Sun eclipses

Differences in Adolescent Effective Contraception Use between Population Densities

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2018年第5期8卷 531-539页

作者： Tess m. Crouss Ruofan Yao ryan Brannon Departm.nt of Obstetrics and Gynecology Drexel University College of Medicine Philadelphia USA Departm.nt of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore USA

Objective: Studies addressing effective contraceptive use by population density are lacking. We hypothesize that contraception counseling and effective contraception use vary by population density. Study Design: This is a cross-sectional study using the 2006-2010 National Survey of Fam.ly Growth data, including fem.le subjects ages 15 to 19. The prim.ry exposure was population density, defined as Principal city of a m.tropolitan Statistical Area (m.A) or “city”, Other m.A or “non-city urban”, and Not m.A or “rural.” The prim.ry outcom. was effective contraception use and the secondary outcom. was contraceptive counseling exposure. m.ltivariate analysis using logistic regression was perform.d to estim.te the association between population density and effective contraception use, as well as the likelihood of receiving contraceptive counseling. Results: 2284 subjects were studied. Com.ared to non-city urban dwellers, city adolescents had sim.lar effective contraception use (aOR: 0.99, [0.79, 1.24]), whereas rural adolescents had significantly higher use (aOR: 1.79, [1.35, 2.36]). Am.ng sexually active respondents who were not using contraception, the rate of contraception counseling in non-city urban adolescents was 66.7%. In com.arison, the city dwellers had higher rate of counseling (79.1%, aOR: 1.87;95% CI: [1.09, 3.22]). Sim.larly, rural adolescents also had higher rate of counseling (81.5%, aOR: 2.37;95% CI: [1.08, 5.19]). Conclusions: Rural residents were m.re likely to use effective contraception m.thods than their city and non-city urban counterparts. However, higher rates of contraception counseling am.ng sexually active adolescents not using contraception in city and rural densities could suggest ineffective counseling in these groups.

关键词： Contraception Adolescent Population Density Unintended Pregnancy