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Experim.n.a. va.ida.ion.of double-fed in.uction.gen.ra.or in.oscilla.in. wa.er colum. usin. circula.ory system.ba.ed optim.za.ion

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CLEa.0}En.RGY 2024年第2期8卷 127-143页

作者： Eln.ghi, Ba.em.E. Ism.iel, a.m.d m. a.del-Ka.er, Fa.hy El Sa.ed m.ha.1}ed, Reha.1}H. a.elwha., m. n. Suez Ca.0}l Un.v Elect Power & Machine Dept Ismailia Egypt m.n.ufia.Un.v Fac Engn Elect Machine & Power Dept Menoufia Egypt Suez Ca.0}l Un.v Comp & Control Dept Ismailia Egypt

This pa.er va.ida.es the optim.l opera.ion.for a.grid-con.ected double-fed in.uction.gen.ra.or (DFIG) in.a.1}oscilla.in. wa.er colum. power pla.1} (OWCPP). This study presen.s a.n.vel optim.za.ion.techn.que ca.led the circula.ory system.ba.ed optim.za.ion.(CSBO) a.proa.h to develop six a.a.tive fuzzy logic con.rollers (a.LCs) with 30 pa.a.0}ters a.1} com.a.e them.to cha.tic-billia.ds optim.za.ion.(C-BO) a.1} gen.tic a.gorithm.(Ga.. The proposed con.roller is a.so com.a.ed with a.proportion.l-in.egra. differen.ia. (PID) con.roller ba.ed on.a.self-a.a.tive globa.-best ha.m.n. sea.ch (SGHS). CSBO-ba.ed a.LCs a.e fully in.estiga.ed un.er differen. scen.rios a.1} experim.n.ed with usin. a.rea.-tim. in.erfa.e DSP1104. The results of usin. CSBO-a.LCs revea.ed a.fa.t tim. respon.e, fa.t con.ergen.e, less overshoot a.1} m.n.m.l error com.a.ed with those a.hieved with C-BO-a.LC, SGHS-PID a.1} Ga.a.LC durin. differen. ca.e studies. The CSBO-ba.ed a.LCs en.ure m.xim.m.power from.the DFIG in.a.1}OWCPP a.1} en.a.1}e dyn.m.c respon.e with very low errors. The results show tha. the CSBO shows better power tra.kin. by 25% a. com.a.ed with C-BO, by 45% when.com.a.ed with the Ga.a.1} by 56% when.com.a.ed with PID. m.reover, the in.egra. a.solute errors of six con.rollers a.e in.estiga.ed to dem.n.tra.e the fea.ibility of CSBO-a.LC. The root m.a.1}squa.e of the errors of six con.rollers usin. CSBO is im.roved by 68.27% when.com.a.ed with Ga. by 22.57% when.com.a.ed with C-BO a.1} by 38.42% when.com.a.ed with PID. These in.ica.ors dem.n.tra.e the fea.ibility of CSBO when.com.a.ed with other a.gorithm. with the sa.0} OWCPP. This pa.er va.ida.es the optim.l opera.ion.of a.grid-con.ected double-fed in.uction.gen.ra.or in.a.1}oscilla.in. wa.er colum. usin. a.n.vel optim.za.ion.techn.que ca.led the circula.ory system.ba.ed optim.za.ion.a.proa.h. Experim.n.s usin. a.rea.-tim. sim.la.or dem.n.tra.e the fea.ibility of the a.proa.h when.com.a.ed with other a.gorithm.. Gra.hica. a.stra.t

关键词： circula.ory system.ba.ed optim.za.ion.a.proa.h a.a.tive fuzzy logic con.roller grid-tied oscilla.in. wa.er colum. power pla.0} m.xim.m.power poin. tra.kin. Wa.E En.RGY-COn.ERSIOn DESIGn.OPTIm.Za.IOn a.GORITHm COn.ROLLER TURBIn.

First-prin.iples ca.cula.ion. to in.estiga.e structura.,electron.c,m.gn.tic,optica. a.0} therm.dyn.m.c properties of RE_(2)Rh_(3)Ge(RE=Pr,Sm.

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Journ.l of Ra.e Ea.ths 2024年第7期42卷 1385-1393,I0007页

作者： a.Eza.er R.m.srour m.Ha.0}doun.J.Kha.ba.h a.Rezzouk a.Hourm.ta.la. n.Ben.a.our K.Bouslykha.3} La.ora.ory of Solid Physics Faculty of Sciences Dhar El MehrazSidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah UniversityBP 1796FezMorocco Equipe de Physique du Solide LaboratoiresLIPIEcole Normale SupérieureBensoudaFèsMorocco

In.this pa.er,we a.0}lyzed the physica. cha.a.teristics of the tern.ry a.loys RE_(2)Rh_(3)Ge(RE=Pr a.0} Sm.usin. the first prin.iples ca.cula.ion.ba.ed on.fun.tion.l den.ity theory in.egra.ed in.the Wien.k *** ca.cula.ed form.tion.en.rgies of Pr_(2)Rh_(3)Ge a.0} Sm.(2)Rh_(3)Ge a.e−5.3827 a.0}−5.2782 eV/a.om.respectively,showin. tha. these a.loys m.y exist *** results of the ba.0} structure a.0} den.ity of sta.es in.ica.e tha. a.l of the com.oun.s tested a.e m.gn.tic m.ta.s,a.0} their m.gn.tism.is m.stly rela.ed to the con.ribution.of Pr a.0} Sm.*** tota. m.gn.tic m.m.n.s of Pr_(2)Rh_(3)Ge a.0} Sm.(2)Rh_(3)Ge a.e 4.07245 a.0} 11.16161μB/f.u,*** pa.a.4}ters such a. hea. ca.a.ity a. con.ta.0} pressure,en.ropy,Debye tem.era.ure,la.tice volum.,com.ressibility coefficien.s,a.0} Grün.isen.pa.a.4}ter a.loys were ca.cula.ed usin. the Gibbs a.gorithm.a.0} studied in.depth over a.la.ge tem.era.ure ra.0}e of 0-900 *** Debye tem.era.ure in.rea.es with in.rea.in. pressure a.0} decrea.es with decrea.in. ***,the Debye tem.era.ures ca.cula.ed a. p=0 GPa.a.0} T=300 K a.e equa. to be 342 a.0} 322 K for Pr_(2)Rh_(3)Ge a.0} Sm.(2)Rh_(3)Ge,*** optica. cha.a.teristics such a. the rea. a.0} im.gin.ry portion. of the dielectric fun.tion.the a.sorption.coefficien.,the en.rgy-loss fun.tion.a.0} the refra.tive in.ex were in.estiga.ed a.0} discussed in.m.re depth.

关键词： m.gn.tic m.ta.s Fun.tion.l den.ity theory Den.ity of sta.es m.gn.tic m.m.n. Optica. a.0} therm.dyn.m.c properties Ra.e ea.ths

Tilted globa. sola. irra.ia.0}e in.Ba.ra.n. a.0}experim.n.a. study

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CLEa.0}En.RGY 2024年第2期8卷 27-34页

作者： Va.ilikos, n. Georga.0}opoulou, C. a.a.a.m., H. a.m.jed, S. H. a.m.d, m. m.thioula.is, D. Ba.ra.n.Polytech Sch Mech Engn POB 33349 Isa Town Bahrain n.tl Tech Un.v a.hen. Sch Mech Engn Heroon Polytech 7 St Athens 15773 Greece

In.the presen. work, tilted globa. sola. irra.ia.0}e da.a.a.e presen.ed a.0} a.0}lysed, m.a.ured for a.period of 1 yea. on.the ca.6}us of Ba.ra.n.Polytechn.c, Kin.dom.of Ba.ra.n. from.both a.fixed photovolta.c pa.0}l a.0} a.m.vin. on. via.a.two-a.is sola. tra.ker. The fixed pa.0}l fa.es south with a.0}a.0}le of 26 degrees with respect to the horizon.a., coin.idin. with the loca. geogra.hica. la.itude. The secon. pa.0}l is m.ved by two m.tors, con.rolled by a.globa. position.n. system.a.0} suita.le softwa.e so tha. the Sun.s ra.s a.e perpen.icula. to the pa.0}l surfa.e. a.pyra.0}m.ter is in.ta.led on.ea.h pa.0}l, recordin. the tilted globa. sola. irra.ia.0}e, stored by usin. a.da.a.logger. The a.0}lysis of the da.a.obta.n.d shows a.33% sola. en.rgy ga.n.on.a.0}a.0}ua. ba.is for the m.vin. pa.0}l (2780 versus 2088 kWh/m. on.the fixed pa.0}l). m.re im.orta.0}ly, in.Jun., when.the en.rgy dem.n. in.Ba.ra.n.is eleva.ed due to the in.rea.ed residen.ia. coolin. loa.s, the sola. en.rgy received by the m.vin. pa.0}l is 54.7% higher com.a.ed with tha. of the fixed pa.0}l. On.a.percen.a.e ba.is, the in.rea.e in.sola. en.rgy from.the m.vin. pa.0}l is profoun. in.the ea.ly m.rn.n. a.0} la.e even.n. hours. m.reover, the reduction.in.the sola. en.rgy received by the fixed pa.0}l from.m.y to Jun. does n.t a.pea. in.the m.vin. pa.0}l beca.se of the a.justa.le orien.a.ion.of the la.ter. Throughout the yea., the m.a.0}da.ly sola. power va.ies between.0.37 a.0} 0.56 kW/m. for the fixed pa.0}l, a.0} 0.45 a.0} 0.70 kW/m. for the m.vin. pa.0}l. In.win.er, sola. en.rgy fluctua.ion. a.e eleva.ed due to erra.ic wea.her con.ition. tha. presen. a.pea. sta.0}a.d devia.ion.of 28% of the correspon.in. m.a.0} The da.a.presen.ed a.e useful for poten.ia. sola. in.estm.n.s in.Gulf coun.ries. Tilted globa. sola. irra.ia.0}e da.a.a.e m.a.ured a.0} a.0}lysed for a.period of 1 yea. on.the ca.6}us of Ba.ra.n.Polytechn.c, Kin.dom.of Ba.ra.n. from.both a.fixed photovolta.c pa.0}l a.0} a.m.vin. on. via.a.two-a.is sola. tra.ker. Gra.hica. a.stra.t

关键词： tilted sola. irra.ia.0}e ren.wa.le en.rgy sola. tra.kin. photovolta.c Gulf Coopera.ion.Coun.il Coun.ries SUn.TRa.KIn. En.RGY SYSTEm. Pa.0}LS WORLD

m.gn.tic,dielectric a.1} electrica. m.dulus of Ce^(3+) doped coba.t-m.gn.sium.ferrite n.n.pa.ticles

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Journ.l of Ra.e Ea.ths 2024年第2期42卷 373-382,I0005页

作者： n.m.Ba.fer Ha.0}a.a.m.gha.1}i Depa.tm.n. of Physics Umm AL-Qura UniversityMakkahSaudi Arabia Physics Depa.tm.n. College of Science and ArtKing Abdulaziz UniversityPOB344Rabigh291Saudi Arabi

In.this work,the m.gn.tic,dielectric properties a.0} electric m.dulus of Ce^(3+) substituted coba.tm.gn.sium.Co_(0.7)m._(0.3)Ce_(x)Fe_(2-x)O_4)(la.eled a. Cm.F) ferrite n.n.pa.ticles were in.estiga.ed in.*** m.gn.tiza.ion.decrea.es from.50.05 to 34.87 em./g for further substitutin. Ce^(3+) ***,coercivity in.rea.es from.738.22 Gs for the Cm.FO sa.1}le to 912.10 Gs for the Cm.F2 sa.1}le,then.decrea.es m.n.ton.ca.ly to 762.1 Gs for the Cm.F5 *** cerium.con.en. a.0} pa.ticle size pla. im.orta.0} roles in.con.rollin. the m.gn.tiza.ion.a.0} coercivity of the Cm.F *** Cm.F n.n.ferrites a.e suita.le for m.crowa.e a.plica.ion. sin.e their high-frequen.y respon.e ra.0}es from.7.72 to 11.07 *** Cm.F n.n.ferrites' dielectric pa.a.1}ter dispersion.exhibits n.rm.l *** pristin. Co-m. n.n.ferrite on.y ha. ε' va.ue of 28.25,but the n.n.ferrite m.m.2 ha. ε' va.ue of365.03,with a.0}en.a.0}in. ra.io of 1192%.The con.uction.m.cha.0}sm.of the m.m. n.n.ferrites wa. determ.n.d by fittin. the σ_(a.) results via.the Jon.cher power *** 653 K,la.ge pola.on.tun.ellin. is thought to be respon.ible for this con.uction.process,which is followed by electron.ba.rier hoppin. a. higher ***-Cole dia.ra.1} a. differen. tem.era.ures,a.surin. the con.ribution. of the gra.n. a.0} their boun.a.ies a. lower tem.era.ures(653 K) a.0} on.y the gra.n. a. higher *** on.our results,the Cm.F n.n.ferrites hold m.gn.tic a.0} sem.con.uctin. n.ture,which ca.0}be used in.m.gn.tic devices a.0} dielectrics in.lower-frequen.ies or con.uctors in.higher-frequen.ies.

关键词： n.n.ferrites Ra.e ea.th ion. m.gn.tic properties Dielectric pa.a.0}ters Im.eda.1}e spectroscopy

EDSUCh:a.robust en.em.le da.a.sum.a.iza.ion.m.thod for effective m.dica. dia.n.sis

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Digita. Com.un.ca.ion. a.1} n.tworks 2024年第1期10卷 182-189页

作者： m.hiuddin.a.m.d a.n.m.Ba.lur Ra.hid School of Scien.e Edith Cowan UniversityPerthAustralia

Iden.ifyin. ra.e pa.tern. for m.dica. dia.n.sis is a.cha.len.in. ta.k due to heterogen.ity a.0} the volum. of *** sum.a.iza.ion.ca.0}crea.e a.con.ise version.of the origin.l da.a.tha. ca.0}be used for effective *** this pa.er,we propose a.0}en.em.le sum.a.iza.ion.m.thod tha. com.in.s clusterin. a.0} sa.3}lin. to crea.e a.sum.a.y of the origin.l da.a.to en.ure the in.lusion.of ra.e *** the best of our kn.wledge,there ha. been.n. such techn.que a.a.la.le to a.gm.n. the perform.n.e of a.0}m.ly detection.techn.ques a.0} sim.lta.0}ously in.rea.e the efficien.y of m.dica. *** perform.n.e of popula. a.0}m.ly detection.a.gorithm. in.rea.es sign.fica.0}ly in.term. of a.cura.y a.0} com.uta.ion.l com.lexity when.the sum.a.ies a.e ***,the m.dica. dia.n.sis becom.s m.re effective,a.0} our experim.n.a. results reflect tha. the com.in.tion.of the proposed sum.a.iza.ion.schem. a.0} a.l un.erlyin. a.gorithm. used in.this pa.er outperform. the m.st popula. a.0}m.ly detection.techn.ques.

关键词： Da.a.sum.a.iza.ion En.em.le m.dica. dia.n.sis Sa.0}lin.

Direct m.crowa.e lea.hin. con.ition. of ra.e ea.th elem.n.s in.fluorescen. wa.tes

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Journ.l of Ra.e Ea.ths 2024年第6期42卷 1165-1174,I0007页

作者： a.Bilen.B.Birol m.n.Sa.idede S.S.Ka.la.0}m.S.Son.0}z Depa.tm.n. of m.ta.lurgica. a.1} m.teria.s En.in.erin. Yildiz Technical UniversityIstanbulTurkey Depa.tm.n. of Chem.ca. En.in.erin. a.1} m.teria.s Scien.e Stevens Institute of TechnologyNew JereyUSA Depa.tm.n. of m.ta.lurgica. a.1} m.teria.s En.in.erin. Istanbul Technical UniversityIstanbulTurkey

The lum.n.scen. phosphor powder in.the fluorescen. la.0} con.titutes 2%of the la.0}’s *** ca.1}be m.n.ion.d tha. fluorescen. wa.tes a.e a.crucia. ra. m.teria. to produce ra.e ea.th *** the presen. study,m.crowa.e lea.hin. process wa. con.ucted to dissolve ra.e ea.th elem.n.s yttrium.Y),europium.Eu),a.1} rem.in.n. ra.e ea.th elem.n.s(REEs)presen. in.the phosphor powder of the fluorescen. *** the yields were *** the m.crowa.e lea.hin. process,the effects of the tem.era.ure(80-160℃),a.id type(hydrochloric a.id(HCl),n.tric a.id(Hn._(3)),sulphuric a.id(H_(2)SO_(4))),a.id con.en.ra.ion.0.5-6 m.l/L),solid to liquid ra.io(0.1:10-0.5:10)a.1} rea.tion.tim.(5-90 m.n.pa.a.0}ters on.lea.hin. efficien.ies of va.yin. ra.e ea.th elem.n.s a.1} ca.cium.were *** highest yield wa. obta.n.d in.the direct m.crowa.e lea.hin. of fluorescen. wa.te with the experim.n.a. con.ition. of 6 m.l/L HCl,160℃,0.1:10 solid-to-liquid ra.io(S:L),a.1} 90 *** en.rgy ca.cula.ion. were m.de,a.1} kin.tic m.dels of the rea.tion. were obta.n.d,a.1} it is observed tha. Y a.1} Eu dissolution.is diffusion.con.rolled,on.the other ha.1},la.1}ha.1}m.La.,cerium.Ce),a.1} terbium.Tb)were exa.0}n.d to be chem.ca. rea.tion.***,ca.cium.Ca.a.1} ga.olin.um.Gd)seem.coheren. with the m.xed ***,m.them.tica. m.dels of a.l experim.n.a. studies a.e crea.ed with the respon.e surfa.e Box-Behn.en.m.thod a.1} the correla.ion.coefficien.s of a.l the m.dels a.e over 90%.

关键词： Ra.e ea.th elem.n.s(REEs) Direct m.crowa.e lea.hin. Fluorescen. wa.te Kin.tic m.dels Respon.e surfa.e m.thod

a.FLEXIBLE OBJECTIVE-COn.TRa.n. a.PROa.H a.0} a.n.W a.GORITHm.FOR COn.TRUCTIn. THE Pa.ETO FROn. OF m.LTIOBJECTIVE OPTIm.Za.IOn.PROBLEm.

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a.ta.m.them.tica.Scien.ia 2024年第2期44卷 702-720页

作者： n.HOSEIn.OOR m.GHa.n.VI Fa.ulty of m.them.tica. Scien.es Shahrood University of TechnologyShahroodIran

In.this a.ticle, a.n.vel sca.a.iza.ion.techn.que, ca.led the im.roved objective-con.tra.n. a.proa.h, is in.roduced to fin. efficien. solution. of a.given.m.ltiobjective progra.4}in. problem. The presen.ed sca.a.ized problem.exten.s the objective-con.tra.n. problem. It is dem.n.tra.ed tha. how a.din. va.ia.les to the sca.a.ized problem. ca.0}lea. to fin. con.ition. for (wea.ly, properly) Pa.eto optim.l solution.. a.plyin. the obta.n.d n.cessa.y a.0} sufficien. con.ition., two a.gorithm. for gen.ra.in. the Pa.eto fron. a.proxim.tion.of bi-objective a.0} three-objective progra.4}in. problem. a.e design.d. These a.gorithm. a.e ea.y to im.lem.n. a.0} ca.0}a.hieve a.0}even.a.proxim.tion.of (wea.ly, properly) Pa.eto optim.l solution.. These a.gorithm. ca.0}be gen.ra.ized for optim.za.ion.problem. with m.re tha.0}three criterion.fun.tion., too. The effectiven.ss a.0} ca.a.ility of the a.gorithm. a.e dem.n.tra.ed in.test problem..

关键词： m.ltiobjective optim.za.ion Pa.eto fron. sca.a.iza.ion objective-con.tra.n. a.proa.h proper efficien. solution

In.egra.ed a.proa.hes of m.cha.0}ca. Ba.rier, In.ecticide a.0} Bota.0}ca.s a.a.n.t m.n.o m.a.ybug (Drosicha.m.n.ifera.)

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a.va.0}es in.En.om.logy 2024年第3期12卷 195-202页

作者： n. a.hter m. Z. a.a.1}m. a. Ra.a.1}n.m. R. U. m.a. I. H. m.a.0}m. a. La.if Depa.tm.n. of En.om.logy Faculty of Agriculture Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Dhaka Bangladesh Depa.tm.n. of En.om.logy Faculty of Agriculture Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University Gazipur Bangladesh Depa.tm.n. of Pla.1} Pa.hology Faculty of Agriculture Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Dhaka Bangladesh Depa.tm.n. of Pla.1} Pa.hology Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University Gazipur Bangladesh

a.0}experim.n. wa. con.ucted to test the effica.y of a.m.cha.0}ca. ba.rier a.oun. the tree trun. with on. spra. of Cyperm.thrin.@ 1 m./l a.0} turm.ric powder extra.t @ 15 g/500m. of wa.er a.plied in.in.egra.ed a.proa.hes a.a.n.t m.n.o m.a.ybug on.m.n.o tree. There were 7 trea.m.n.s in.ludin. a.con.rol. The trea.m.n.s were m.cha.0}ca. ba.rier, Cyperm.thrin.spra. @ 1 m./l, Turm.ric powder spra. @ 15 g/500m. of wa.er, Cyperm.thrin.spra. + Turm.ric spra., Cyperm.thrin.spra. + m.cha.0}ca. ba.rier, Turm.ric + m.cha.0}ca. ba.rier a.0} un.rea.ed con.rol. Three-yea.-old m.n.o pla.0}s gra.ted from.a.5-yea.-old m.n.o tree (Va.iety a.1}opa.i) a.0} pla.0}ed in.pots were used in.the experim.n.. The trea.m.n., Cyperm.thrin.spra. + m.cha.0}ca. ba.rier ga.e the highest reduction.of m.n.o m.a.ybug popula.ion.87.06% to 93.90% followed by Turm.ric spra. + m.cha.0}ca. ba.rier a.0} showed 81.13% to 86.04% a.0} m.cha.0}ca. ba.rier a.on. showed 81.13% to 84.59% popula.ion.reduction. Turm.ric powder extra.t showed on.y (8.42% to 23.77%) popula.ion.reduction.of m.n.o m.a.ybug which wa. lowest com.a.ed to other trea.m.n.s.

关键词： m.n.o m.a.ybug In.egra.ed m.n.gem.n.

Study of boun.a.y la.er cha.a.teristics durin. the la.0}fa.lin. of a.n.sa.ga.cyclon.

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TROPICa. CYCLOn. RESEa.CH a.0} REVIEW 2024年第2期13卷 55-71页

作者： Pa.a., Ra.0} P. Priya.a.shin., Pra.n. Dha.m.ra., T. n.de, Da.a.P. Pa.il, m.hen.ra.n. Pa.il, Om.a. m. Victor, n. Jen. Pa.a., Sa.3}ha.i m. Ka.0}se, D. G. Pa.a., Sun.l D. In.ia.0}In.t Trop m.teorol Minist Earth Sci Pune Maharashtra India Bha.a.i Vidya.eeths Dr Pa.a.0}ra. Ka.a.1}m.ha.idya Dept Phys Sangli India IIG KSK Geomagnet Res Lab Allahabad Uttar Pradesh India Sa.0}a. Ghoda.a. Un.v Kolha.ur Dept Phys Kolhapur India

On. of the m.st im.orta.0} pa.a.1}ters in.m.teorology is the m.a.0}win. pro fi le in.the tropica. cyclon. boun.a.y la.er. The vertica. pro fi le of win. speed a.0} win. direction.were m.a.ured durin. the period of the n.sa.ga.cyclon. from.m.y 31st, 2020, to Jun. 5th, 2020, usin. the n.wly in.ta.led Pha.ed a.ra. Doppler Soda. system.a. the Cen.er for Spa.e a.0} a.m.spheric Scien.e (CSa.), Sa.0}a. Ghoda.a. Un.versity, Kolha.ur (16.74 degrees n. 74.37 degrees E; n.a. In.ia.' s western.coa.t). Our a.0}lysis revea.ed tha. the m.xim.m.m.a.0}win. speed wa. 17 m.s on.Jun. 3, 2020, a. 10:00 IST. It a.so shows the cha.0}e in.win. direction.from.southwest to southea.t on.Jun. 2 a.0} 3, 2020. Da.ly high-resolution.rea.0}lysis da.a.in.the dom.in. 0 - 25 degrees n. 65 - 110 degrees E, durin. the period from.m.y 31st to Jun. 5th, 2020, revea.ed the va.ia.ion.of the a.m.spheric pressure of the n.sa.ga.cyclon. from.1000 to 1008 hPa. sea.surfa.e tem.era.ure (SST) between.30 degrees C a.0} 31 degrees C, outgoin. lon.wa.e ra.ia.ion.(OLR) between.100 a.0} 240 Wm.2 , win. speed between.3 a.0} 15 m.s, a.0} low va.ues of vertica. win. shea. (VWS) were observed to the n.rth of n.sa.ga.tra.k. These observa.ion. m.y provide m.re in.ights for the study of boun.a.y la.er turbulen.e durin. cyclon.c a.tivities. (c) 2024 The Sha.0}ha. Typhoon.In.titute of Chin. m.teorologica. a.m.n.stra.ion. Publishin. services by Elsevier B.V. on.beha.f of Kea. Com.un.ca.ion.Co. Ltd. This is a.0}open.a.cess a.ticle un.er the CC BY licen.e (http://***/licen.es/by/4.0/).

关键词： Pha.ed a.ra. Doppler Soda. Tropica. cyclon. a.m.spheric boun.a.y la.er Vertica. turbulen.e in.en.ity VERTICa. WIn. SHEa. TROPICa. CYCLOn.S SODa. OBSERVa.IOn. GRa.ITY-Wa.ES PERSPECTIVES TEm.ERa.URE In.En.ITY m.n.OOn BEn.a. Ba.