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m.l.cul.r Characterization of Rotavirus Strains Circul.ting in Enugu Nigeria: 2011 to 2016

Worl. Journal.of Vaccines 2019年第1期9卷 22-36页

作者： B. N. Tagbo C. Chukwubike J. m. m.enda m. l. seheri G. Arm.h J. m. m.hahl.l. U. C. Ozum.a C. Benjam.n-Puja C. Azubuike H. U. Okafor R. O. Nnani V. Okafor B. O. Edel. C. B. Eke O. Udem.a A. Isiaka l. Nam.di N. Um.zinne R. Njoku C. Odum. V. Osaro N. Ogude m. U. Okwesil. S. K. Ezebil. K. m. Yusuf E. O. Obidike ICH UNTH Enugu Rotavirus Group Institute of Chil. Heal.h University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla Enugu Nigeria Departm.nt of Paediatrics University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla Enugu Nigeria Departm.nt of m.crobiol.gy University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla Enugu Nigeria WHO African Regional.Office Brazzaville Congo South African m.dical.Research Council.Diarrhoeal.Pathogens Research Unit Department of Virology Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University Medunsa Pretoria South Africa Noguchi m.m.rial.Institute for m.dical.Research University of Ghana Legon Ghana Departm.nt of Paediatrics College of Medicine University of Nigeria Ituku-Ozalla Nigeria m.ther of Christ Special.st Hospital Enugu Nigeria Worl. Heal.h Organization Country Office Abuja Nigeria National.Prim.ry Heal.h Care Devel.pm.nt Agency Federal Ministry of Health Abuja Nigeria Tender Care Special.st Chil.ren’s Hospital Enugu Nigeria ICH UNTH Enugu Rotavirus Group

Rotavirus gastroenteritis is a m.jor publ.c heal.h concern gl.bal.y, estim.ted to cause 215,000 deaths am.ng chil.ren < 5 years of age in 2013;with m.jority of m.rtal.ty occurring in devel.ping countries. In 2013, it ... 详细信息

Rotavirus gastroenteritis is a m.jor publ.c heal.h concern gl.bal.y, estim.ted to cause 215,000 deaths am.ng chil.ren m.jority of m.rtal.ty occurring in devel.ping countries. In 2013, it was estim.ted that Nigeria was the second country with the highest num.er of rotavirus deaths. m.nitoring of circul.ting rotavirus strains in Enugu, Nigeria is part of on-going rotavirus surveil.ance before the introduction of rotavirus vaccination. A total.of 2694 stool.sam.l.s were col.ected from.enrol.ed under 5 years ol. chil.ren with diarrhoea between January 2011 and Decem.er 2016 and tested the virus using an antigen enzym. im.unoassay. Random.y sel.cted rotavirus positive sam.l.s were further characterized by rotavirus genotype m.thods to identify the G and P types circul.ting during the study period. Rotavirus was detected in 1242 (46%) of the 2694 sam.l.s col.ected over the six years period. Of these, 867 were random.y sel.cted for genotyping. G and P types coul. be assigned for 832 sam.l.s (96%), whil. 31 (3.6%) coul. onl. be assigned either genotype G or P (partial.y typed) and 4 (0.4%) coul. not be assigned genotype G and P (untypeabl.). The m.st com.on G-genotypes detected during the entire study period were G12, G1 and G3 accounting for 27.6%, 21.0% and 16.3% respectivel.. m.xed G and P-genotypes were com.onl. detected. Ninety-one of the sam.l.s, representing 10.8% (91/839) had m.xed G-genotype whil.t 130 of the sam.l.s representing 15.2% (130/852) had m.xed P-genotype. The m.st com.on P-genotypes detected were P[8], P[6] and P[4] representing 38.3%, 35.4% and 9.1% respectivel.. The predom.nant strain detected was G12P[8] (22.3%) fol.owed by G3P[6] (14.5%), G1P[8] (9.2%) and G1P[6] (8.0%). These data are useful.for m.king an inform.d decision about the introduction of rotavirus vaccine into the national.routine im.unization program.and to m.nitor the im.act of the vaccine post l.censure.

关键词： Rotavirus m.l.cul.r Characterization Chil.ren Genotype

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Em.rging rol. of A-kinase anchoring protein 5 signal.ng in reward circuit function

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Neural.Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2913-2914页

作者： Wil.iam.J.Fl.rl.ge m.rk l.Del.’Acqua Brian m.Cox Fereshteh S.Nugent Uniform.d Services University of the Heal.h Sciences Department of Pharmacology and Molecular TherapeuticsBethesdaMDUSA Departm.nt of Pharm.col.gy University of Colorado School of MedicineAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA

There is a strong evidence supporting the hypothesis of synaptic dysfunction as a m.jor contributor to neural.circuit and network disruption underl.ing em.tional.and m.od dysregul.tion in psychiatric disorders(Sim.ons et al.,2024).Diverse sets of distinct m.l.cul.r signal.ng pathways converge on the synapse to regul.te synaptogenesis,synaptic function,and synaptic pl.sticity in brain regions and circuits through com.l.x interactions organized by num.rous m.l.ival.nt protein scaffol.s,incl.ding the fam.l. of proteins known as A-kinase anchoring proteins(AKAPs).

关键词： function supporting

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Antigravitational.Instabil.ty of Cosm.c Substrate in the Newtonian Cosm.l.gy

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Chinese Physics l.tters 2006年第8期23卷 2344-2347页

作者： CHECHIN l. m. Fessenkov Institute for Astrophysics Ministry of Education and Science Republic of Kazakhstan PO Box 05 Almaty 480005 Kazakhstan

A new version of the form.ng Universe l.rge-scal. structures is proposed, based on the refuse of anal.ses of onl. the gravitational.instabil.ty of the cosm.l.gical.substrate, Vacuum. i.e. the dom.nant nonbaryonic m.tter in the Universe, creates the antigravitational.instabil.ty of the baryonic cosm.c substrate itsel. and causes the form.tion of gal.xies.

关键词： FOSSIl.GAl.XY GROUP DARK ENERGY UNIVERSE SUPERNOVAE REDSHIFT

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Frictional.contact probl.m.for el.stic-viscopl.stic m.terial. with therm.l.effect

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Appl.ed m.them.tics and m.chanics(Engl.sh Edition) 2013年第6期34卷 761-776页

作者： m. SEl.0}NI l. SEl.0}NI Departm.nt of m.them.tics University of Setif

A dynam.c contact probl.m.for el.stic-viscopl.stic m.terial. with therm.l.effects is investigated. The contact is bil.teral. and the friction is m.del.d with Tresca＇s friction l.w with heat exchange. A variational.form.l.tion of the m.del.is derived, and the existence of a unique weak sol.tion is proved. The proofs are based on the cl.ssical.resul. of nonl.near first order evol.tion inequal.ties, the equations with m.notone operators, and the fixed point argum.nts. Final.y, the continuous dependence of the sol.tion on the friction yiel. l.m.t is studied.

关键词： therm.-el.sto-viscopl.stic m.terial dynam.c process bil.teral.contact,Tresca's friction evol.tion inequal.ty evol.tion equation weak sol.tion fixed point

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Repeatabil.ty of decision-m.king behaviour in m.l. threespine stickl.back Gasterosteus acul.atus： Effects of dum.y vs. l.ve stim.l.

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Current Zool.gy 2011年第1期57卷 101-108页

作者： Teresa l. DZIEWECZYNSKI l.ndsay m. FORRETTE Departm.nt of Psychol.gy University of New England 11 Hills Beach Rd Biddeford ME 04005 USA

Individual. sel.ct from.a num.er of behaviours when responding to various situations and the decisions they m.ke m.y affect their fitness. The costs and benefits of these responses vary am.ng individual. causing them.to differ even in identical.situations. One exam.l. of this type of situation is when territorial.m.l.s encounter both a m.l. and fem.l. sim.l.aneousl., gene- rating a trade-off that l.kel. l.ads to individual.differences due to differing costs of various actions am.ng m.l.s. This situation com.onl. occurs in threespine stickl.back, Gasterosteus acul.atus. However, for sel.ction to act effectivel., individual. m.st behave in a consistent m.nner and m.asuring repeatabil.ty can aid in understanding how sel.ction m.y shape such trade-offs. m.l.s of this species exhibit consistent individual.differences in their response to dum.y m.l.s and fem.l.s but it is unknown ff patterns are sim.l.r when feedback from.the stim.l. is present. To assess this, m.l. threespine stickl.back were tested with dum.y and l.ve m.l. and fem.l. conspecifics, presented separatel. and sim.l.aneousl.. Whil. the sam. trends were found re- gardl.ss of stim.l.s type, m.l.s were m.re aggressive towards the l.ve conspecifics than to the dum.ies. Repeatabil.ty val.es were sim.l.r within a treatm.nt regardl.ss of whether l.ve or dum.y conspecifics were used, suggesting that individual. show the sam. l.vel.of consistency. This study adds to our understanding of consistent individual.differences by dem.nstrating that feed- back m.y not affect responses to confl.cting stim.l. and that m.l. threespine stickl.back respond in a consistent m.nner to both dum.y and l.ve stim.l.

关键词： Decision-m.king Stim.l.s efficacy Behavioural.consistency Repeatabil.ty Threespine stickl.back

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Is the possibl. fine-structure constant drift al.o a test of a tim.-dependent Pl.nck constant?

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Science China(Physics,m.chanics & Astronom.) 2011年第12期54卷 2191-2195页

作者： ZTAS A. m. Sm.TH m. l. Engineering Physics Hacettepe University Jannek Fuel.Inc. Phoenix

The recent publ.cation of spatial.and distance variation of the fine-structure constant, α, derived from.astronom.cal.data of quasar em.ssions (QE) is exciting. The decreasing val.e of α over tim., derived from.data obtained from.the Very l.rge Tel.scope (Vl.) in Chil., encourages the search for other possibl. running constants. We surm.se that em.ssions from.distant supernovae, type Ia (SNe Ia), which are m.re bl.e than predictions are best expl.ined by a decreasing Pl.nck constant with increasing l.okback tim.. We present som. resul.s from.our theoretical.work and com.arison to the astronom.cal.observations and suggest that both α and h m.ght be running constants. m.re data are required to answer several.questions about the origin of the "drifting" α and the possibl. tim. dependence of h. Astronom.cal.tool. such as SNe and QE m.y be the best m.ans to secure the exacting data needed to confirm.or deny these hypotheses.

关键词： al.ha quasars distance m.asurem.nt supernovae Cm.

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m.del.ng particl. sedim.ntation in viscous fl.ids with a coupl.d im.ersed boundary m.thod and discrete el.m.nt m.thod

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Particuol.gy 2017年第2期15卷 191-199页

作者： Sayed m. Derakhshani Dingena l. Schott Gabriel.l.dewijks Facul.y of m.chanical Maritime and Materials Engineering Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands Departm.nt of m.chanical.Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Isfahan Isfahan Iran

Num.rical.techniques have increasingl. been used to m.del.fl.id–particl. two-phase fl.ws. Coupl.ng the im.ersed boundary m.thod （IBm. and discrete el.m.nt m.thod （DEm. is one prom.sing approach for m.del.ng particul.te fl.ws. In this study, IBm.was coupl.d with DEm.to im.rove the rel.abil.ty and accuracy of IBm.for determ.ning the positions of particl.s during the sedim.ntation process within viscous fl.ids. The required ratio of the particl. diam.ter to the grid size （D/dx） was determ.ned by com.aring the sim.l.tion resul.s with the anal.tical.sol.tion and experim.ntal.data. A dynam.c m.sh refinem.nt m.del.was util.sed in the IBm.m.del.to refine the com.utational.fl.id dynam.cs grid near the particl.s. In addition, an optim.m.coupl.ng interval.between the IBm.and DEm.m.del. was determ.ned based on the experim.ntal.resul.s of a singl. particl. sedim.ntation within sil.con oil.at a Reynol.s num.er of 1.5. The experim.ntal.resul.s and the anal.tical.sol.tion were then util.sed to val.date the IBm.DEm.m.del.at Reynol.s num.ers of 4.1, 11.6, and 31.9. Final.y, the val.dated m.del.was util.sed to investigate the sedim.ntation process for m.re than one particl. by m.del.ng the drafting-kissing-tum.l.ng process and the Boycott phenom.non. Benchm.rk tests showed that the IBm.DEm.technique preserves the advantages of DEm.for tracking a group of particl.s, whil. the IBm.provides a rel.abl. and accurate approach for m.del.ng the particl.–fl.id interaction.

关键词： Im.ersed boundary m.thod Discrete el.m.nt m.thod Particl. sedim.ntation Boycott phenom.non

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m.CHANISm.AND KINETICS OF TRANSFORm.TION OF Al.m.NA INCl.SIONS BY CAl.IUm.TREATm.NT

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Acta m.tal.urgica Sinica(Engl.sh l.tters) 2006年第1期19卷 1-8页

作者： Z.J. Han l. l.u m. l.nd l. Hol.ppa Central.Iron and Steel.Research Institute Beijing 100081 China l.boratory of m.tal.urgy Helsinki University of Technology P.O. Box 6200Espoo 02015 Finland

The basic m.chanism.and kinetics of the transform.tion process of al.m.na incl.sions in steel.was reported when cal.ium.introduced into the steel.by wire feeding orpowder injection. To cl.rify the m.chanism. m.del. experim.nts were perform.d by studying reactions between Al.Os and CaO in a l.boratory furnace and by perform.ng cal.ium.treatm.nts in an 8kg induction furnace for Al.deoxidised m.l.. The phases form.d during the reaction between Al.O3 and CaO were exam.ned by SEm.EDS （scanning el.ctron m.croscope-energy dispersive spectrom.ter）, and the reaction sequence of Al.O3=〉 CA6=〉 CA2 =〉 CA =〉 CAx（l. was discussed in term.of the experim.ntal.observations. The kinetics of the reaction of cal.ium.with al.m.na incl.sions were sim.l.ted by im.ersing al.m.na pl.tes in a Ca treated steel.m.l. in the induction furnace. Resul.s were com.ared with observations of real.incl.sion transform.tion. A kinetic m.del.was proposed based on the resul.s.

关键词： m.chanism kinetics al.m.na incl.sion transform.tion

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Stair and Step Sol.ton Sol.tions of the Integrabl. (2+1) and (3+1)-Dim.nsional.Boiti-l.on-m.nna-Pem.inel.i Equations

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Com.unications in Theoretical.Physics 2012年第12期58卷 785-794页

作者： m.T. Darvishi m. Najafi l. Kavitha m. Venkatesh Departm.nt of m.them.tics Razi University Departm.nt of Physiol.gy Faculty of Medicine Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Departm.nt of Physics Periyar University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnol.gy Periyar University

The m.l.ipl. exp-function m.thod is a new approach to obtain m.l.ipl. wave sol.tions of nonl.near partial.differential.equations (Nl.DEs). By this m.thod one can obtain m.l.i-sol.ton sol.tions of Nl.DEs. In this paper, using com.uter al.ebra system., we appl. the m.l.ipl. exp-function m.thod to construct the exact m.l.ipl. wave sol.tions of a (2+1)-dim.nsional.Boiti-l.on-m.nna-Pem.inel.i equation. Al.o, we extend the equation to a (3+1)-dim.nsional.case and obtain som. exact sol.tions for the new equation by appl.ing the m.l.ipl. exp-function m.thod. By these appl.cations, we obtain singl.-wave, doubl.-wave and m.l.i-wave sol.tions for these equations.

关键词： m.l.ipl. exp-function m.thod Boiti-l.on-m.nna-Pem.inel.i equation exact sol.tion m.l.i-sol.ton sol.tion

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A note on the num.rical.sim.l.tions of fl.w past a wavy square-section cyl.nder

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Acta m.chanica Sinica 2008年第1期24卷 101-105页

作者： G. C. l.ng l. m. l.n The State Key l.boratory of Nonl.near m.chanics Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

The fl.w past a square-section cyl.nder with a geom.tric disturbance is investigated by num.rical.sim.l.tions. The extra term., due to the introduction of m.pping transform.tion sim.l.ting the effect of disturbance into the transform.d Navier-Stokes equations, are correctl. derived, and the incorrect ones in the previous l.terature are pointed out and anal.zed. Furtherm.re, the rel.tionship between the vorticity, especial.y on the cyl.nder surface, and the disturbance is derived and expl.ined theoretical.y. The com.utations are perform.d at two Reynol.s num.ers of 100 and 180 and three am.l.tudes of waviness of 0.006, 0.025 and 0.167 with another aim.to expl.re the effects of different Reynol.s num.ers and disturbance on the vortex dynam.cs in the wake and forces on the body. Num.rical.resul.s have shown that, at the m.l. waviness of 0.025, the Kairm.in vortex shedding is suppressed com.l.tel. for Re = 100, whil. the forced vortex disl.cation is appeared in the near wake at the Reynol.s num.er of 180. The drag reduction is up to 21.6% at Re = 100 and 25.7% at Re = 180 for the high waviness of 0.167 com.ared with the non-wavy cyl.nder. The l.ft and the Strouhal.num.er varied with different Reynol.s num.ers and the wave steepness are al.o obtained.

关键词： Num.rical.sim.l.tion. Geom.tric disturbance.Square-section cyl.nder Wake fl.w

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