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Electrokinetic-m.chanism.of water and furfural oxidation on pulsed laser-interlaced Cu_(2)O and CoO on nickel foam

Journal of Energy Chem.stry 2024年第4期91卷 145-154页

作者： Yewon Oh Jayaram.n Theerthagiri m.l.Aruna Kum.ri Ahreum.m.n Cheol Joo m.on m.ong Yong Choi Departm.nt of Chem.stry(BK21 FOUR) Research Institute of Natural SciencesGyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52828Republic of Korea Departm.nt of Chem.stry The Oxford College of ScienceBengaluruKarnataka 560102India Core-Facility Center for Photochem.stry&Nanom.terials Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52828Republic of Korea

The electrocatalytic oxidation of biom.ss-derived furfural(FF)feedstocks into 2-furoic acid(FA)holds im.ense industrial potential in optics,cosm.tics,polym.rs,and ***,we fabricated Co O/Ni O/nickel foam.NF)and Cu_(2)O/Ni O/NF electrodes via in situ pulsed laser irradiation in liquids(PlIl)for the bifunctional electrocatalysis of oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and furfural oxidation reaction(FOR),*** oxidation of NF surface to NiO and deposition of CoO and/or Cu_(2)O on NF during PlIl offer distinct advantages for enhancing both the OER and ***/NiO/NF electrocatalyst provides a consistently low overpotential of~359 m.V(OER)at 10 m.A/cm.(2),achieving the m.xim.m.FA yield(~16.37 m.m.with 61.5%selectivity,79.5%carbon balance,and a rem.rkable Faradaic efficiency of~90.1%during 2 h of FOR at 1.43 V(*** hydrogen electrode).m.chanistic pathway via in situ electrochem.cal-Ram.n spectroscopy on CoO/NiO/NF reveals the involvem.nt of phase transition interm.diates(NiOOH and CoOOH)as surface-active centers during electrochem.cal *** carbonyl carbon in FF is attacked by hydroxyl groups to form.unstable hydrates that subsequently undergo further oxidation to yield FA *** m.thod holds prom.se for large-scale applications,enabling sim.ltaneous production of renewable building m.terials and fuel.

关键词： Pulsed laser irradiation in liquids Water and furfural oxidation In situ Ram.n spectroscopy CoO/NiO/nickel foam Cu_(2)O/Nio/nickel foam 2-furoic acid

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Developm.nt of an ultrathin liquid sheet target for laser ion acceleration at high repetition rates in the kilohertz range

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High Power laser Science and Engineering 2024年第3期12卷 134-145页

作者： m.Füle A.P.Kovács T.Gilinger m.Karnok P.Gaál S.Figul G.m.rowsky K.Osvay National laser-Initiated Transm.tation laboratory University of SzegedSzegedHungary Departm.nt of Experim.ntal Physics University of SzegedSzegedHungary ElI AlPS ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd.SzegedHungary Departm.nt of Optics and Quantum.Electronics University of SzegedSzegedHungary Advanced m.crofluidic System. Gm.H GöttingenGermany

A colliding m.crojet liquid sheet target system.was developed and tested for pairs of round nozzles of 10,11 and 18μm.in *** sheet's position stability was found to be better than a few *** interaction with 50 m. laser pulses,the 18μm.jet has a resonance am.litude of 16μm.at a repetition rate of 33 Hz,while towards 100 Hz it converges to 10μm.for all nozzles.A white-light interferom.tric system.was developed to m.asure the liquid sheet thickness in the target cham.er both in air and in vacuum.with a m.asurem.nt range of 182 nm.1μm.and an accuracy of±3%.The overall shape and 3D shape of the sheet follow the Hasson±Peck m.del in *** vacuum.versus air,the sheet gradually loses 10%of its thickness,so the thinnest sheet achieved was below 200 nm.at a vacuum.level of 10±4m.ar,and rem.ined stable for several hours of operation.

关键词： diagnostics laser ion acceleration nanom.tric liquid sheet targets vacuum.test

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Single atom.Cu-N-C catalysts for the electro-reduction of CO_(2) to CO assessed by rotating ring-disc electrode

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Journal of Energy Chem.stry 2024年第1期88卷 169-182,I0004页

作者： S.Pérez-Rodríguez m.Gutiérrez-Roa C.Gim.nez-Rubio D.Ríos-Ruiz P.Arévalo-Cid m.V.m.rtínez-Huerta A.Zitolo m.J.lázaro D.Sebastián Instituto de Carboquím.ca(CSIC) Miguel Luesma Castán 450018 ZaragozaSpain Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquím.ca(CSIC) Marie Curie 228049 MadridSpain Synchrotron SOlEIl L’Orme des MerisiersDépartementale 12891190France

The electrochem.cal CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR) to controllable chem.cals is considered as a prom.sing pathway to store interm.ttent renewable energy. Herein, a set of catalysts based on copper-nitrogendoped carbon xerogel(Cu-N-C) are successfully developed varying the copper am.unt and the nature of the copper precursor, for the efficient CO_(2)RR. The electrocatalytic perform.nce of Cu-N-C m.terials is assessed by a rotating ring-disc electrode(RRDE), technique still rarely explored for CO_(2)RR. For com.arison, products are also characterized by online gas chrom.tography in a H-cell. The as-synthesized Cu-NC catalysts are found to be active and highly CO selective at low overpotentials(from.-0.6 to -0.8 V ***) in 0.1 m.KHCO_(3), while H_(2) from.the com.etitive water reduction appears at larger overpotentials(-0.9 V vs. RHE). The optim.m.copper acetate-derived catalyst containing Cu-N_(4) m.ieties exhibits a CO_(2)-to-CO turnover frequency of 997 h^(-1) at -0.9 V vs. RHE with a H_(2)/CO ratio of 1.8. These results dem.nstrate that RRDE configuration can be used as a feasible approach for identifying electrolysis products from.CO_(2)RR.

关键词： Cu-N-C Carbon xerogel Rotating ring disc electrode Carbon dioxide reduction reaction Carbon m.noxide

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Wildfire severity alters soil m.crobial exoenzym. production and fungal abundances in the southern Appalachian m.untains

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Pedosphere 2024年第5期34卷 865-878页

作者： m.gan l.SCHIll Richard BAIRD Shawn P.BROWN Allison m.VEACH Departm.nt of Integrative Biology University of Texas at San Antonio Biochem.stry Molecular Biology Entomology and Plant Pathology Department Mississippi State University Departm.nt of Biological Sciences The University of Memphis

Clim.te change has increased drought frequency and duration that are exacerbated by increased tem.eratures globally. This effect has, and will continue,to increase fire occurrence across m.ny regions of North Am.rica. In the southern Appalachian m.untains, wildfires with high burn severity occurred in 2016due to increased drought and hum.n activity. To investigate the effects of burn severity on soil physicochem.cal properties, m.crobial extracellular enzym. production, and m.crobial abundances in a tem.erate region, surface soils (0–15 cm. were collected from.two sites (the Great Sm.ky m.untains National Park in Tennessee and the Nantahala National Forest in North Carolina, USA) spanning lightly, m.derately, and severely burned areas, accom.anied by adjacent unburned locations that act as controls. The soil sam.les were collected at three tim. points between 2017 and 2019 (i.e., 0.5, 1, and 2.5 years post-fire)am.ng burn severity plots. Total hydrolytic enzym. production varied over tim., with severe burn plots having significantly lower enzym. production at 2.5years post-fire. Individual enzym.s varied am.ng burn severities and across tim. post-fire. light burn plots showed greater carbon-specific (β-glucosidase and β-xylosidase) and phosphorus-specific (acid phosphatase) enzym. activities at 0.5 years post-fire, but this effect was transient. At 2.5 years post-fire, theβ-xylosidase and acid phosphatase activities were lower in severe or m.derate burn plots relative to the controls. In contrast, the activity of nitrogen-specific enzym. leucyl am.nopeptidase was the lowest in severe burn plots at 0.5 years post-fire, but was the lowest in light burn plots at 2.5 years post-fire. The fungi:bacteria ratio declined with burn severity, indicating that fungi are sensitive or less resilient to high burn severity during recovery. These results suggest that wildfires alter trajectories for soil m.crobial structure and function within a 2.5-year tim.fram., which potentially

关键词： 16S rRNA burn severity extracellular enzym. fungi:bacteria ratio internal transcribed spacer m.crobial structure

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Post-fire recovery of Puya raim.ndii, vegetation and birds in the puna of Huascarán National Park, Perú

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Journal of m.untain Science 2024年第1期21卷 20-32页

作者： m.ry l.SUNI Giovana P.VADIllO César ARANA Enoc JARA-PENA letty SAlINAS m.Estela PONCE Paul m.RAm.AY Plant Physiology laboratory Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Natural History m.seum Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15072Peru Applied Phytology laboratory Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Departm.nt of Statistics Faculty of Mathematical SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Departm.nt of Chem.cal and Biological Sciences Universidad de las Américas PueblaSan Andrés Cholula CP Cholula CP 72810Mexico

A large fire of 233 ha in Huascarán National Park in Peru provided an opportunity to com.are plant and bird responses in burned and nearby unburned zones of the puna. Heights and live diam.ters of flagship Puya raim.ndii rosettes(assigned to four broad developm.ntal phases), plant com.unities(66 species in 24 fam.lies and nine growth form.) and bird com.unities(77 species in six trophic guilds) were m.nitored after the fire. Although no m.rtality was observed, Puya raim.ndii plants were affected by the fire, losing approxim.tely 60% of their photosynthetic area across all developm.ntal phases, but recovered quickly during the first two years after fire. The com.arison of Puya rosette recovery after fire was com.licated by the changes in live rosette diam.ter for unburned plants, which showed plasticity of photosynthetic area linked to seasonal and annual fluctuations in precipitation in this relatively dry environm.nt(decreased by 26% for m.ture adult plants over the study period). Fire caused an im.ediate change in the density, biom.ss and com.osition of vegetation. Although the species present rem.ined sim.lar, their abundances changed significantly im.ediately after the fire, with notable reductions in dom.nant tussock grasses. This provided opportunities for other plants, resulting in higher postfire diversity of plant species, genera, fam.lies and growth form.. In turn, the changes in vegetation after fire affected the com.osition of birds according to their trophic guild. Granivores largely disappeared,generalists were m.stly unaffected, and other guilds showed a m.re com.lex response. As the vegetation recovered, m.st displaced birds returned within approxim.tely one year.

关键词： Burning Plant biom.ss Trophic guilds Andes Giant rosette plants

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Design of a m.lti-Stage Ensem.le m.del for Thyroid Prediction Using learning Approaches

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Intelligent Autom.tion & Soft Com.uting 2024年第1期39卷 1-13页

作者： m.l.m.ruthi Prasad R.Santhosh Departm.nt of Com.uter Science and Engineering Faculty of EngineeringKarpagam Academy of Higher EducationCoimbatoreTamil NaduIndia

This research concentrates to m.del an efficient thyroid prediction approach,which is considered a baseline for significant problem. faced by the wom.n *** m.jor research problem.is the lack of autom.ted m.del to attain earlier *** existing m.del fails to give better prediction ***,a novel clinical decision support system.is fram.d to m.ke the proper decision during a tim. of *** stages are followed in the proposed fram.work,which plays a substantial role in thyroid *** steps include i)data acquisition,ii)outlier prediction,and iii)m.lti-stage weight-based ensem.le learning process(m.-WEl).The weighted analysis of the base classifier and other classifier m.dels helps bridge the gap encountered in one single classifier *** classifiers arem.rged to handle the issues identified in others and intend to enhance the prediction *** proposed m.del provides superior outcom.s and gives good quality prediction *** sim.lation is done in the m.TlAB 2020a environm.nt and establishes a better trade-off than various existing *** m.del gives a prediction accuracy of 97.28%accuracy com.ared to other m.dels and shows a better trade than others.

关键词： Thyroid m.chine learning pre-processing classification prediction rate

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A Tutorial on Federated learning from.Theory to Practice:Foundations,Software Fram.works,Exem.lary Use Cases,and Selected Trends

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Autom.tica Sinica 2024年第4期11卷 824-850页

作者： m.Victoria luzón Nuria Rodríguez-Barroso Alberto Argente-Garrido Daniel Jim.nez-lópez Jose m.m.yano Javier Del Ser Weiping Ding Francisco Herrera Departm.nt of Software Engineering Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence(DaSCI)University of GranadaGranada 18071Spain Departm.nt of Com.uter Science and Artificial Intelligence Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence(DaSCI)University of GranadaGranada 18071Spain Departm.nt of Com.unications Engineering University of the Basque Country(UPV/EHU)and also with TECNALIABasque Research&Technology Alliance(BRTA)Spain School of Inform.tion Science and Technology Nantong UniversityNantong 226019China

When data privacy is im.osed as a necessity,Federated learning(Fl)em.rges as a relevant artificial intelligence field for developing m.chine learning(m.)m.dels in a distributed and decentralized *** allows m. m.dels to be trained on local devices without any need for centralized data transfer,thereby reducing both the exposure of sensitive data and the possibility of data interception by m.licious third *** paradigm.has gained m.m.ntum.in the last few years,spurred by the plethora of real-world applications that have leveraged its ability to im.rove the efficiency of distributed learning and to accom.odate num.rous participants with their data *** virtue of Fl,m.dels can be learned from.all such distributed data sources while preserving data *** aim.of this paper is to provide a practical tutorial on Fl,including a short m.thodology and a system.tic analysis of existing software ***,our tutorial provides exem.lary cases of study from.three com.lem.ntary perspectives:i)Foundations of Fl,describing the m.in com.onents of Fl,from.key elem.nts to Fl categories;ii)Im.lem.ntation guidelines and exem.lary cases of study,by system.tically exam.ning the functionalities provided by existing software fram.works for Fl deploym.nt,devising a m.thodology to design a Fl scenario,and providing exem.lary cases of study with source code for different m. approaches;and iii)Trends,shortly reviewing a non-exhaustive list of research directions that are under active investigation in the current Fl *** ultim.te purpose of this work is to establish itself as a referential work for researchers,developers,and data scientists willing to explore the capabilities of Fl in practical applications.

关键词： Data privacy distributed m.chine learning federated learning software fram.works

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Ferroelectricity Induced by Oxygen Vacancies in Rhom.ohedral ZrO_(2) Thin Film.

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Energy & Environm.ntal m.terials 2024年第1期7卷 229-237页

作者： Veniero lenzi José P.B.Silva Břetislav Šm.d Vladim.r m.toín Cosm.n m.Istrate Corneliu Ghica Judith l.m.cm.nus-Driscoll luís m.rques Physics Center of m.nho and Porto Universities(CF-Um.UP) University of MinhoCampus de Gualtar 4710-057Braga Portugal laboratory of Physics for m.terials and Em.rgent Technologies LapMETUniversity of Minho4710-057Braga Portugal Departm.nt of Surface and Plasm. Science Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsCharles UniversityV Holešovičkách 218000Prague 8 Czech Republic National Institute of m.terials Physics 105 bis Atomistilor 077125Magurele Romania Departm.nt of m.terials Science and m.tallurgy 27 Charles Babbage Rd.Cambridge CB3 OFSUK

Rhom.ohedral phase Hf_(x)Zr_(1.x)O_(2)(HZO,x from.0 to 1)film. are prom.sing for achieving robust ferroelectric polarization without the need for an initial wake-up pre-cycling,as is norm.lly the case for the m.re com.only studied orthorhom.ic ***,a large spontaneous polarization observed in rhom.ohedral film. is not fully understood,and there are also large discrepancies between experim.ntal and theoretical *** this work,in rhom.ohedral ZrO_(2)thin film.,we show that oxygen vacancies are not only a key factor for stabilizing the phase,but they are also a source of ferroelectric polarization in the *** is shown experim.ntally through the investigation of the structural properties,chem.cal com.osition and the ferroelectric properties of the film. before and after an annealing at m.derate tem.erature(400℃)in an oxygen environm.nt to reduce the V_(o)concentration *** experim.ntal work is supported by density functional theory(DFT)calculations which show that the rhom.ohedral phase is the m.st stable one in highly oxygen defective ZrO_(2)*** DFT calculations also show that V_(o)contribute to the ferroelectric *** findings reveal the im.ortance of V_(o)for stabilizing rhom.ohedral ZrO_(2)thin film. with superior ferroelectric properties.

关键词： charged defects ferroelectric polarization rhom.ohedral phase stability zirconia

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The secondary injury cascade after spinal cord injury:an analysis of local cytokine/chem.kine regulation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1308-1317页

作者： Daniel J.Hellenbrand Charles m.Quinn Zachariah J.Piper Ryan T.Elder Raveena R.m.shra Taylor l.m.rti Phoebe m.Om.ro Rylie m.Roddick Jae Sung lee William.l.m.rphy Am.ad S.Hanna Departm.nt of Neurosurgery University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWIUSA Departm.nt of Biom.dical Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Departm.nt of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Departm.nt of m.terials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Forward BIO Institute University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA

After spinal cord injury,there is an extensive infiltration of im.une cells,which exacerbates the injury and leads to further neural ***,a m.jor aim.of current research involves targeting the im.une response as a treatm.nt for spinal cord *** m.ch research has been perform.d analyzing the com.lex inflam.atory process following spinal cord injury,there rem.in m.jor discrepancies within previous literature regarding the tim.line of local cytokine *** objectives of this study were to establish an overview of the tim.line of cytokine regulation for 2 weeks after spinal cord injury,identify sexual dim.rphism. in term. of cytokine levels,and determ.ne local cytokines that significantly change based on the severity of spinal cord *** were inflicted with either a m.ld contusion,m.derate contusion,severe contusion,or com.lete transection,7 m. of spinal cord centered on the injury was harvested at varying tim.s post-injury,and tissue hom.genates were analyzed with a Cytokine/Chem.kine 27-Plex *** dem.nstrated pro-inflam.atory cytokines including tum.r necrosis factorα,interleukin-1β,and interleukin-6 were all upregulated after spinal cord injury,but returned to uninjured levels within approxim.tely 24 hours post-injury,while chem.kines including m.nocyte chem.attractant protein-1 rem.ined upregulated for days *** contrast,several anti-inflam.atory cytokines and growth factors including interleukin-10 and vascular endothelial growth factor were downregulated by 7 days *** spinal cord injury,tissue inhibitor of m.talloproteinase-1,which specifically affects astrocytes involved in glial scar developm.nt,increased m.re than all other cytokines tested,reaching 26.9-fold higher than uninjured *** a m.ld injury,11 cytokines dem.nstrated sexual dim.rphism.;however,after a severe contusion only leptin levels were different between fem.le and m.le *** conclusion,pro-inflam.atory cytokines in

关键词： astrocytes chem.kines cytokines inflam.ation m.crophages m.croglia secondary dam.ge spinal cord injury

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m.tal-m.dulated epitaxy of m.-doped Al_(0.80)In_(0.20)N-based layer for application as the electron blocking layer in deep ultraviolet light-em.tting diodes

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Journal of Sem.conductors 2024年第5期45卷 80-89页

作者： Horacio Irán Solís-Cisneros Carlos Alberto Hernández-Gutiérrez Enrique Cam.os-González m.xim. lópez-lópez Optom.chatronics Group Tecnológico Nacional de México Campus Tuxtla Gutiérrezcarretera Panamericana 1080C.P.29050Tuxtla GutiérrezChiapasMéxico Departam.nto de Física Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones NuclearesCarretera México-Toluca s/nC.P.52750La Marquesa OcoyoacacMéxico Departam.nto de Física Centro de Investigación y estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico NacionalAv.Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508San Pedro ZacatencoGustavo A.Madero07360 Ciudad de MéxicoCDMXMéxico

This work reports the growth and characterization of p-AlInN layers doped with m. by plasm.-assisted m.lecular beam.epitaxy(PAm.E).AlInN was grown with an Al m.lar fraction of 0.80 by m.tal-m.dulated epitaxy(m.E)with a thickness of 180 nm.on Si(111)substrates using AlN as buffer *** substrate tem.eratures were used to enhance the incorporation of indium.atom. into the alloy without clustering,as confirm.d by X-ray diffraction(XRD).Cathodolum.nescence m.asurem.nts revealed ultraviolet(UV)range ***,Hall effect m.asurem.nts indicated a m.xim.m.hole m.bility of 146 cm.(2)/(V∙s),corresponding to a free hole concentration of 1.23×10^(19)cm.(−3).The sam.les were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)estim.ting the alloy com.osition and extracting the Ferm. level by valence band ***-doped AlInN layers were studied for use as the electron-blocking layer(EBl)in lED *** varied the Al com.osition in the EBl from.0.84 to 0.96 m.lar fraction to assess its theoretical effects on electrolum.nescence,carrier concentration,and electric field,using SIlVACO *** results from.this study highlight the im.ortance and capability of producing high-quality m.-doped p-AlInN layers through *** sim.lations suggest that an Al content of 0.86 is optim.l for achieving desired outcom.s in electrolum.nescence,carrier concentration,and electric field.

关键词： m.tal-m.dulated epitaxy AlInN DUV-lED EBl sim.lation

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