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Herbivory and Plant Genotype Influence Fitness-Related Responses of<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>to Indirect Plant-Plant Interactions

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Am.rican Journal of Plant Sciences 2019年第8期10卷 1287-1299页

作者： Jennifer Shim.la m. gabriela bidart Departm.nt of Biological Sciences Bowling Green State University Bowling Green USA

Previous studies have dem.nstrated that genetic identity between interacting perennial plants results in m.re effective defense when em.tter and receiver neighbors have greater genetic sim.larity. However, the effects of both genetic relatedness and presence of herbivores on fitness-related responses of neighboring plants have not yet been explored. Our aim.was to exam.ne how m.nipulating these two im.ortant factors genetic and environm.ntal factors can influence indirect plant-plant com.unication in the annual crucifer Arabidopsis thaliana. Plants of a single genotype (receivers) were exposed to volatile em.ssions of neighboring em.tter plants with a sim.lar or different genotype, and either intact or dam.ged by larvae of a specialist herbivore for ten days. Each of the four treatm.nts was isolated in separate environm.ntal cham.ers and the full experim.nt was replicated twice. Receiver plant growth and reproductive-related traits were m.asured ten days after exposure to treatm.nts, and at senescence. Results showed that the effect of herbivory and plant genotype of em.tter plants influenced responses related growth and reproduction in receiver plants. Receiver plants grew taller, had m.re inflorescence branching, and produced m.re fruits (60% m.re) when exposed to undam.ged em.tters of a different genotype than receivers exposed to the other em.tter plant treatm.nts. Therefore, genotype identity and environm.ntal context (presence of herbivory) m.y be im.ortant factors influencing indirect plant-plant com.unication, which could, in turn, result in selection for genotypes showing increased fitness-related responses.

关键词： Plant-Plant Interactions Plant Genotype Insect Herbivory Fitness-Related Responses

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Global Change Effects on Plant Chem.cal Defenses against Insect Herbivores

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第11期50卷 1339-1354页

作者： m.gabriela bidart-Bouzat Adebobola Im.h-Nathaniel Departm.nt of Biological Sciences Bowling Green State University

This review focuses on individual effects of m.jor global change factors, such as elevated CO2, O3, UV light and tem.erature, on plant secondary chem.stry. These secondary m.tabolites are well-known for their role in plant defense against insect herbivory. Global change effects on secondary chem.cals appear to be plant species-specifc and dependent on the chem.cal type. Even though plant chem.cal responses induced by these factors are highly variable, there seem. to be som. specificity in the response to different environm.ntal stressors. For exam.le, even though the production of phenolic com.ounds is enhanced by both elevated CO2 and UV light levels, the latter appears to prim.rily increase the concentrations of flavonoids. Likewise, specific phenolic m.tabolites seem.to be induced by O3 but not by other factors, and an increase in volatile organic com.ounds has been particularly detected under elevated tem.erature. m.re inform.tion is needed regarding how global change factors influence inducibility of plant chem.cal defenses as well as how their indirect and direct effects im.act insect perform.nce and behavior, herbivory rates and pathogen attack. This knowledge is crucial to better understand how plants and their associated natural enem.es will be affected in future changing environm.nts.

关键词： elevated CO2 global clim.te change insect herbivory ozone plant chem.cal defenses plant-insect interactions plant secondary m.tabolites tem.erature tri-trophic interactions UV light.

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Supplem.ntation of vitam.n E or a botanical extract as antioxidants to im.rove growth perform.nce and health of growing pigs housed under therm.neutral or heat-stressed conditions

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Journal of Anim.l Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1101-1118页

作者： Ysenia V.Silva‑Guillen Consuelo Arellano Jeffrey Wiegert R.Dean Boyd gabriela E.m.rtinez Eric van Heugten Departm.nt of Anim.l Science North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA Departm.nt of Statistics North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA Departm.nt of Anim.l Science Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Anim.l Nutrition Research LLCAlvatonKY 42122USA.

Background Heat stress has severe negative consequences on perform.nce and health of pigs,leading to significant econom.c *** objective of this study was to investigate the effects of supplem.ntal vitam.n E and a botanical extract in feed or drinking water on growth perform.nce,intestinal health,and oxidative and im.une status in grow-ing pigs housed under heat stress *** Duplicate experim.nts were conducted,each using 64 crossbred pigs with an initial body weight of 50.7±3.8 and 43.9±3.6 kg and age of 13-week and 12-week,***(n=128)were housed individually and assigned within weight blocks and sex to a 2×4 factorial arrangem.nt consisting of 2 environm.nts(therm.-neutral(21.2℃)or heat-stressed(30.9℃))and 4 supplem.ntation treatm.nts(control diet;control+100 IU/L of D-α-tocopherol in water;control+200 IU/kg of DL-α-tocopheryl-acetate in feed;or control+400 m./kg of a botanical extract in feed).Results Heat stress for 28 d reduced(P≤0.001)final body weight,average daily gain,and average daily feed intake(-7.4 kg,-26.7%,and-25.4%,respectively)but no effects of supplem.ntation were detected(P>0.05).Serum.vitam.n E increased(Pm.n E supplem.ntation in water and in feed(1.64 vs.3.59 and 1.64 vs.3.24),but not for the botanical extract(1.64 vs.1.67 m./kg)and was greater when supplem.nted in water ***(P=0.002).Liver vitam.n E increased(Pm.n E supplem.ntations in water(3.9 vs.31.8)and feed(3.9 vs.18.0),but not with the botanical extract(3.9 vs.4.9 m./kg).Serum.m.londialdehyde was reduced with heat stress on d 2,but increased on d 28(interaction,Pm.ntation com.ared to *** proliferation was reduced(P=0.037)in the jejunum.under heat stress,but increased in the ileum.when vitam.n E was supplem.nted in feed and water under heat stress(interaction,P=0.04).Tum.r necrosis factor-αin jejunum.and ileum.m.cosa decreased by heat stress(P<0.05)and was re

关键词： Botanical extract Growing pigs Heat stress Im.une status Oxidative status Tocopherol Water

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m.tivational and m.thodological Factors Involved in the Helping Behavior Test in Laboratory Rodents

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2024年第8期14卷 240-254页

作者： gabriela F. m.rinho Jaqueline m. Wuo João Paulo Kurita Alvaro C. Lim. Regina H. Silva Pharm.cology Departm.nt Federal University of So Paulo So Paulo Brazil

Em.athy allows hum.ns and other anim.ls to share the em.tional state of another, adopting that individual’s perspective on a given situation. This ability is fundam.ntal for species living in groups. Helping behavior in laboratory anim.ls has been used to study em.athy. In this test, subjects are exposed to a conspecific that is trapped and learn to open the cage to release the other anim.l. However, the interpretation of helping behavior as an em.hatically m.tivated action is still controversial. Here we review the studies that use the helping behavioral test proposed by Ben-Am. Bartal and colleagues in 2011 to better understand m.tivational factors for this behavior. In addition, we com.are m.thodological aspects of these studies. In conclusion, helping behavior can be driven by em.athy, but other factors such as the desire for social contact and learning com.onents cannot be ruled out as m.tivators. In addition, studies focused on evaluating neurobiological m.chanism. underlying helping behavior in laboratory rodents can help elucidate the factors involved in releasing the trapped co-specific.

关键词： Anim.l m.dels Em.athy Prosocial Behavior Rats

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Hum.n leukocyte antigen com.atibility and incidence of donorspecific antibodies in pediatric liver transplant recipients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第33期30卷 3837-3845页

作者： m.lina U m.lere Flavia H Feier Jorge Neum.nn Antônio N Kalil Juliana de m.m.ntagner Luiza S Nader Carolina S da Silva m.rco Aurélio F Junior gabriela P Coral Guilherm. P Bobsin Cristina T Ferreira Departm.nt of Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Santa Casa de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90050170Rio Grande do SulBrazil Departm.nt of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90020-090Rio Grande do SulBrazil Postgraduation Program.in m.dicine:Hepatology Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90050-170Rio Grande do SulBrazil Laboratory of Transplantation Im.unology Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90020-090Rio Grande do SulBrazil

BACKGROUND Antibody-m.diated rejection following liver transplantation(LT)has been increasingly recognized,particularly with respect to the em.rgence of de novo donor-specific antibodies(DSAs)and their im.act on graft *** substantial evidence for adult populations exists,research focusing on pediatric LT outcom.s rem.ins *** To investigate the prevalence of hum.n leukocyte antigen(HLA)m.sm.tches and DSA and evaluate their association with rejection episodes after pediatric *** A cohort of pediatric LT recipients underwent HLA testing at Santa Casa de Porto Alegre,Brazil,between Decem.er 2013 and Decem.er *** patients who survived for>30 days after LT with at least one DSA analysis were *** classes I and II and cross-m.tches were *** presence of de novo DSA(dnDSA)was evaluated at least 3 m.nths after LT using the Lum.nex®single antigen bead m.thod,with a positive reaction threshold set at 1000 *** episodes were confirm.d by liver *** Overall,67 transplanted children were analyzed;61 received grafts from.living donors,85%of whom.were related to ***-transplant DSA(class I or II)was detected in 28.3%of patients,and dnDSA was detected in 48.4%.The m.dian tim. to DSA detection after LT was 19.7[interquartile range(IQR):4.3-35.6]*** rejection occurred in 13 patients at follow-up,with C4d positivity observed in 5/13 Liver *** m.dian tim. to rejection was 7.8(IQR:5.7-12.8)*** presence of dnDSA was significantly associated with rejection(36%vs 3%,Pm.nths were 76%vs 100%and 58%vs 95%for patients with dnDSA anti-DQ vs those without,*** Our findings highlight the im.ortance of incorporating DSA assessm.nt into pre-and post-transplantation protocols for pediatric LT *** im.lications m.y include im.unosuppression m.nim.zation strategies based on this analysis in pediatric LT recip

关键词： Hum.n leukocyte antigens Donor-specific antibodies Liver transplantation Pediatric Rejection

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Gut m.crobiota in preterm.infants receiving breast m.lk or m.xed feeding

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2024年第2期13卷 135-145页

作者： Sandra gabriela Sánchez-González Bárbara gabriela Cárdenas-del-Castillo Elvira Garza-González Gerardo R Padilla-Rivas Isaías Rodríguez-Balderram. Consuelo Treviño-Garza Fernando Félix m.ntes-Tapia Gerardo C Palacios-Saucedo Anthony Gutiérrez-Rodríguez m.nuel Enrique de-la-O-Cavazos Departm.nt of Pediatrics Hospital Universitario“Dr.JoséEleuterio González”Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónMonterrey 64460Nuevo LeónMéxico Departam.nto de Bioquím.ca y m.dicina m.lecular Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónMonterrey 64460Nuevo LeónMéxico Departm.nt of Biochem.stry and m.lecular m.dicine Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónMonterrey 64460Nuevo LeónMéxico Departm.nt of Pediatric Surgery Hospital Universitario"Dr.JoséEleuterio González"Monterrey 64460Nuevo LeónMéxico

BACKGROUND Preterm.birth is the leading cause of m.rtality in newborns,with very-low-birthweight infants usually experiencing several *** m.lk is considered the gold standard of nutrition,especially for preterm.infants with delayed gut colonization,because it contains beneficial m.croorganism.,such as Lactobacilli and *** To analyze the gut m.crobiota of breastfed preterm.infants with a birth weight of 1500 g or *** An observational study was perform.d on preterm.infants with up to 36.6 wk of gestation and a birth weight of 1500 g or less,born at the University Hospital ***éEleuterio González at m.nterrey,m.xico.A total of 40 preterm.neonates were classified into breast m.lk feeding(Bm.and m.xed feeding(m.)groups(21 in the Bm.group and 19 in the m. group),from.October 2017 to June *** sam.les were collected before they were introduced to any feeding *** full enteral feeding was achieved,the com.osition of the gut m.crobiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene *** variables were com.ared using Student’s t-test or using the m.nn–Whitney U test for nonparam.tric ***,evenness,equitability,m.rgalef’s index,Fisher’s alpha,Chao-1 index,and Shannon’s diversity index were also *** No significant differences were observed at the genus level between the *** com.arison indicated higher counts of Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria in the initial com.ared to the final sam.le of the Bm.group(Pm.aproteobacteria were detected in the final than in the initial sam.le(P=0.040).According to the m.rgalef index,Fisher’s alpha,and Chao-1 index,a decrease in species richness from.the initial to the final sam.le,regardless of the feeding type,was observed(Pm.nant phyla were Bacteroidetes,Actinobacteria,Firm.cutes,and Proteobacteria,with Proteobacteria being the m.st ***,no significant differences were

关键词： Gut m.crobiota Hum.n m.lk Preterm.infant Proteobacteria Very low birth weight 16S rRNA

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Sm.ll Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinom. of the Vulva: Case Report and Literature Review

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第2期14卷 295-300页

作者： gabriela Françóes Rostirolla Alessandra Guerra m.ria Carolina Rey Alt Luiza Tesser Dalla Libera m.ria Eduarda Appel Binda m.rcia Appel Fernando De m.rco dos Santos Departm.nt of Obstetrics and Gynecology Caxias do Sul University Caxias do Sul Brazil Departm.nt of Pathology UNIVATES Lajeado RS m.dical Student Caxias do Sul University Caxias do Sul Brazil Departm.nt of Obstetric and Gynecology Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil Departm.nt of Oncology Surgeon Caxias do Sul University Caxias do Sul Brazil

Background: Neuroendocrine neoplasm. are those that develop from.a neuroendocrine cell. They m.st com.only affect the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and pancreas, being rare conditions in the fem.le genital tract. When present, these neoplasm. often m.nifest with nonspecific signs and sym.tom. such as pain, itching, swelling, single-focus lesions, bleeding, and enlargem.nt of inguinal lym.h nodes, in addition to the presence of progressively enlarging vulvar nodules. Consequently, the diagnostic investigation involves histopathological exam.nation and confirm.tion through im.unohistochem.stry. Objective: To present a com.rehensive understanding of this rarely studied pathology. The prim.ry objective is to provide valuable insights that could aid in the future developm.nt of universally applicable treatm.nt guidelines. Case Presentation: A 57-year-old fem.le, with no prior com.rbidities, m.nopause at 36, who presented with a left vulvar nodule accom.anied by intense pain and swelling, later diagnosed with sm.ll cell neuroendocrine carcinom. in the vulva. Conclusion: This case report highlights the im.ortance of enhancing our knowledge regarding sm.ll cell neuroendocrine carcinom. in the vulva, given its scarcity in m.dical literature. The inform.tion presented here underscores the need for standardized diagnostic and treatm.nt approaches, paving the way for future consensus on m.naging this uncom.on but challenging neoplasm.

关键词： Vulvar Neoplasm. Carcinom. Sm.ll Cell Carcinom. Neuroendocrine Genital Neoplasm. Fem.le Vulvar Diseases

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Lack of Evidence for Local Adaptation of the Endangered Karner Blue Butterfly to Its Sole Larval Hostplant—The Wild Lupine

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Advances in Entom.logy 2023年第3期11卷 172-187页

作者： Kevin Handel m.ria gabriela bidart Departm.nt of Biological Sciences Bowling Green State University Bowling Green OH USA

Local adaptation is an im.ortant process that drives the evolution of populations within species, and it can be generally expressed by the higher fitness of individuals raised in their native habitats versus in a foreign location. The influence of local adaptation is especially prom.nent in species that subsist in sm.ll and/or highly isolated populations. This study evaluated whether the federally endangered Karner blue butterfly, Lycaeides m.lissa sam.elis (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) is locally adapted to its exclusive larval host plant, the wild lupine (Lupinus perennis). To test for local adaptation, individuals from.a laboratory-raised colony were reared on wild lupine plants from.populations belonging to either their native (Indiana) or a foreign (m.chigan and Wisconsin) region. For this purpose, lupine plants from.the different populations were grown in a com.on garden in growth cham.ers, and one Karner blue larva was placed on each plant. Fitness traits related to growth and developm.nt were recorded for each butterfly across populations. Days from.hatching to pupation and eclosion showed gender-specific significant differences across wild lupine populations and plant genotypes (within populations). The percent survival of butterflies (from.hatching to eclosion) also differed am.ng plants from.different populations. These results indicate that wild lupine sources can affect som. developm.ntal traits of Karner blue butterflies. However, growth-related traits, such as pupal and adult weight of individuals reared in plants from.native populations did not differ from.those of foreign regions. The apparent absence of local adaptation to wild lupine suggests that, at least, som. individuals of this species could be translocated from.native populations to foreign reintroduction sites without experiencing decreased fitness levels. However, future studies including m.re populations across the geographical range of this butterfly are recom.ended to evaluate other environ

关键词： Local Adaptation Karner Blue Butterfly Wild Lupine Butterfly Fitness-Related Responses Plant Genotypic Effects

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Glucosinolates and Their Hydrolysis Products in Arabidopsis thaliana Influence Perform.nce and Feeding Choice of Pieris rapae and Spodoptera exigua

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Advances in Entom.logy 2023年第4期11卷 285-299页

作者： Julie A. Kem.rly-Dowland m.ria gabriela bidart Departm.nt of Biological Sciences Bowling Green State University Bowling Green OH USA

Glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products, found in plants of the order Brassicales, are well-known for their defensive properties against insect herbivores. Arabidopsis thaliana (Col-0) genetic lines with m.tations that m.dify the type of glucosinolates (i.e. m.b28m.b29 and cyp79B2cyp79B3 are deficient in the production of aliphatic and indolyl glucosinolates, respectively) m.ke it possible to test for the specific effects of these secondary chem.cals on insect herbivores. The Pad3 m.tant (deficient in cam.lexin), which has a role in resistance to pathogens, was also tested. Likewise, the effects of different glucosinolate hydrolysis products can be evaluated using genetically m.dified (Gm. lines of the wild type Col-0 ecotype, which naturally produces isothiocyanates. These Gm.lines include the nitrile-producing 35S: ESP and the double knockout tgg1tgg2, which virtually lacks hydrolysis products. In both no-choice and choice experim.nts, the crucifer specialist Pieris rapae was virtually unaffected by differences in the type of glucosinolates or hydrolysis products. In contrast, the generalist insect Spodoptera exigua had statistically significant increases in pupae/adult weight and faster developm.ntal tim.s when reared on m.tants deficient in the production of aliphatic and indolyl glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products. There were no differences in the perform.nce of either insect species when reared on wild type Col-0 or Pad3. Results from.feeding choice trials showed that Pieris rapae had no statistically significant preference for any of the genetic lines. In contrast, Spodoptera exigua had a significant feeding preference for the double m.tant tgg1tgg2. This study provides evidence that variation in the type of glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products can influence insect perform.nce and feeding choices, and that responses are species-specific.

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana Glucosinolates Hydrolysis Products Specialist and Generalist Insects

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Tem.oral niche overlap am.ng insectivorous sm.ll m.m.als

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Integrative Zoology 2011年第4期6卷 375-386页

作者： Em.rson m.VIEIRA gabriela PAISE Laboratory of Ecology of m.m.als ZoologyUniversity of Vale do Rio dos SinosSão LeopoldoBrazil Graduate Program.of Ecology University of CampinasCampinasBrazil

Being active in the sam. environm.nt at different tim.s exposes anim.ls to the effects of very different environm.ntal factors,both biotic and *** the present study,we used live traps equipped with tim.ng devices to evaluate the potential role of biotic factors(com.etition and food abundance)on overall overlap in the tem.oral niche axis of 4 insectivorous sm.ll m.m.als in high-elevation grassland fields(‘cam.os de altitude’)of southern *** on resources availability(invertebrates),data on anim.l captures were pooled in 2 seasons:‘scarcity’(June 2001−Septem.er 2001)and‘abundance’(Novem.er 2001-m.y 2002)*** tested for non-random.structure in tem.oral niche overlap am.ng the species in each *** species were the rodents Oxym.cterus nasutus(Waterhouse,1837),Deltam.s sp.,Akodon azarae(Fischer,1829),and the m.rsupial m.nodelphis brevicaudis Olfers,*** studied com.unity was m.inly diurnal with crepuscular *** using the Pianka index of niche overlap indicated that the em.irical assem.lage-wide overlap was not significantly different from.random.y generated patterns in the abundance season but significantly greater than expected by chance alone in the scarcity *** the species showed an increase in tem.oral niche breadth during the abundance season,which appears to be related to longer daylength and high nocturnal *** on both tem.oral niche overlap and tem.oral niche breadth were the opposite to those that we were expecting in the case of diel activity patterns determ.ned by com.etition for dietary ***,we conclude that com.etition did not seem.to be preponderant for determ.ning patterns of tem.oral niche overlap by the studied com.unity.

关键词： activity patterns Brazil chronoecology com.unity structure com.etition niche partitioning

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