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Soils in extraterrestrial space: Need for studies under m.crogravity

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 13-14页

作者： m.b.KIRKHAm Departm.nt of Agronom. Kansas State UniversityManhattan KS 66506USA

With the increased interest of plants in space, gravity cannot b. ignored when studying soil-plant-water relations. Therefore, it is im.ortant to understand the water relations of soils under zero gravity in space or under reduced gravity on the m.on or m.rs. This paper outlines the prob.em. of m.ving water in soils under zero gravity or m.crogravity, as well as growing plants in these soils. It is suggested that m.crogravity experim.nts could b. done on Earth using b.th soils and plants. Results from.such experim.nts could b. used to grow plants when m.nkind estab.ishes b.ses on the m.on and m.rs.

关键词： soils soil b.ses

Direct m.crowave leaching conditions of rare earth elem.nts in fluorescent wastes

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第6期42卷 1165-1174,I0007页

作者： A.b.len b.b.rol m.N.Saridede S.S.Kaplan m.S.Sonm.z Departm.nt of m.tallurgical and m.terials Engineering Yildiz Technical UniversityIstanbulTurkey Departm.nt of Chem.cal Engineering and m.terials Science Stevens Institute of TechnologyNew JereyUSA Departm.nt of m.tallurgical and m.terials Engineering Istanbul Technical UniversityIstanbulTurkey

The lum.nescent phosphor powder in the fluorescent lam. constitutes 2%of the lam.’s *** can b. m.ntioned that fluorescent wastes are a crucial raw m.terial to produce rare earth *** the present study,m.crowave leaching process was conducted to dissolve rare earth elem.nts yttrium.Y),europium.Eu),and rem.ining rare earth elem.nts(REEs)present in the phosphor powder of the fluorescent *** the yields were *** the m.crowave leaching process,the effects of the tem.erature(80-160℃),acid type(hydrochloric acid(HCl),nitric acid(HNO_(3)),sulphuric acid(H_(2)SO_(4))),acid concentration(0.5-6 m.l/L),solid to liquid ratio(0.1:10-0.5:10)and reaction tim.(5-90 m.n)param.ters on leaching efficiencies of varying rare earth elem.nts and calcium.were *** highest yield was ob.ained in the direct m.crowave leaching of fluorescent waste with the experim.ntal conditions of 6 m.l/L HCl,160℃,0.1:10 solid-to-liquid ratio(S:L),and 90 *** energy calculations were m.de,and kinetic m.dels of the reactions were ob.ained,and it is ob.erved that Y and Eu dissolution is diffusion-controlled,on the other hand,lanthanum.La),cerium.Ce),and terb.um.Tb.were exam.ned to b. chem.cal reaction ***,calcium.Ca)and gadolinium.Gd)seem.coherent with the m.xed ***,m.them.tical m.dels of all experim.ntal studies are created with the response surface b.x-b.hnken m.thod and the correlation coefficients of all the m.dels are over 90%.

关键词： Rare earth elem.nts(REEs) Direct m.crowave leaching Fluorescent waste Kinetic m.dels Response surface m.thod

Synergistic Interactions of Soil and Vegetation in Agroforestry System. in m.tigating Clim.te Change in Upper East Region, Ghana

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Am.rican Journal of Clim.te Change 2024年第2期13卷 140-162页

作者： Joshua A. Adom.ire Ab.ul-Wahab.m. Im.ro Eunice Essel Nang b. Douti Departm.nt of Environm.ntal Science C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana Departm.nt of Forestry and Forest Resources m.nagem.nt University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana Departm.nt of Crop Science and b.otechnology C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana

Clim.te change has b.en a glob.l pandem.c with its adverse im.acts affecting environm.nts and livelihoods. This has b.en largely attrib.ted to anthropogenic activities which generate large am.unts of Green House Gases (GHGs), notab.y carb.n dioxide (CO2), m.thane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) am.ng others. In the Upper East of Ghana, clim.te change m.nifests in erratic rainfalls, drought, high tem.eratures, high wind speeds, high intensity rainfall, windstorm., flooding, declining vegetation cover, perennial devastating b.shfires etc. Practices such as b.rning farm.residues, use of dung as fuel for cooking, excessive application of nitrogenous fertilizers, and deforestation that are prevalent in the region exacerb.te the situation. Although, efforts m.de b. governm.ntal and none-governm.ntal organizations to m.tigate clim.te change through afforestation, agroforestry and prom.tion of less fuelwood consum.ng cook stoves, land m.nagem.nt practices antagonize these efforts as m.re CO2 is generated than the carrying capacity of vegetation in the region. Research findings have estab.ished the role of trees and soil in carb.n sequestration in m.tigating clim.te. However, there is lim.ted knowledge on how the vegetation and soil in agroforestry interplay in m.tigation clim.te change. It is against this b.ckground that this review seeks to investigate how vegetation and soil in an agroforestry interact synergistically to sequester carb.n and contrib.te to m.tigating clim.te change in Upper East region of Ghana. In this review, it was discovered soil stored m.re carb.n than vegetation in an agroforestry system.and is m.ch effective in m.tigating clim.te change. It was found out that in order to m.ke soil and vegetation in an agroforestry system.interact synergistically to effectively m.tigate clim.te change, Clim.te Sm.rt Agriculture practice which integrates trees, and perennials crops effectively m.tigates clim.te. The review concluded that tillage practices that ensure r

关键词： Clim.te Change Carb.n Sequestration Agroforestry Photosynthesis Nutrient m.ning Synergistic

Quantum.correlations and entanglem.nt in coupled optom.chanical resonators with photon hopping via Gaussian interferom.tric power analysis

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Chinese Physics b 2024年第5期33卷 204-211页

作者： Y.Lahlou b.m.roufi m.Daoud LPHE-m. Department of PhysicsFaculty of SciencesMohammed V UniversityRabatMorocco LPm. Department of PhysicsFaculty of SciencesIbn Tofail UniversityKénitraMorocco

Quantum.correlations that surpass entanglem.nt are of great im.ortance in the realm. of quantum.inform.tion processing and quantum.***,for quantum.system. prepared in pure states,it is difficult to differentiate b.tween quantum.entanglem.nt and quantum.***,this indistinguishab.lity is no longer holds for m.xed *** contrib.te to a b.tter understanding of this differentiation,we have explored a sim.le m.del for b.th generating and m.asuring these quantum.*** study concerns two m.croscopic m.chanical resonators placed in separate Fab.y–Pérot cavities,coupled through the photon hopping *** system.offers a com.rehensively way to investigate and quantify quantum.correlations b.yond entanglem.nt b.tween these m.chanical *** key ingredient in analyzing quantum.correlation in this system.is the glob.l covariance *** form. the b.sis for com.uting two essential m.trics:the logarithm.c negativity(E_(N)^(m.)and the Gaussian interferom.tric power(P_(G)^(m.).These m.trics provide the tools to m.asure the degree of quantum.entanglem.nt and quantum.correlations,*** study reveals that the Gaussian interferom.tric power(P_(G)^(m.)proves to b. a m.re suitab.e m.tric for characterizing quantum.correlations am.ng the m.chanical m.des in an optom.chanical quantum.system.particularly in scenarios featuring resilient photon hopping.

关键词： quantum.correlations entanglem.nt Gaussian interferom.tric power logarithm.c negativity optom.chanics photon hopping

Sem.-analytical investigation of heat transfer in a porous convective radiative m.ving longitudinal fin exposed to m.gnetic field in the presence of a shape-dependent trihyb.id nanofluid

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Applied m.them.tics and m.chanics(English Edition) 2024年第1期45卷 197-216页

作者： C.G.PAVITHRA b.J.GIREESHA m.L.KEERTHI Departm.nt of PG Studies and Research in m.them.tics Kuvempu UniversityShankaraghatta 577451India Departm.nt of m.them.tics and Statistics M.S.Ramaiah University of Applied SciencesBengaluru 560058India

The therm.l exam.nation of a non-integer-ordered m.b.le fin with a m.gnetism.in the presence of a trihyb.id nanofluid(Fe_3O_4-Au-Zn-b.ood) is carried out. Three types of nanoparticles, each having a different shape, are considered. These shapes include spherical(Fe_3O_4), cylindrical(Au), and platelet(Zn) configurations. The com.ination approach is utilized to evaluate the physical and therm.l characteristics of the trihyb.id and hyb.id nanofluids, excluding the therm.l conductivity and dynam.c viscosity. These two properties are inferred b. m.ans of the interpolation m.thod b.sed on the volum. fraction of nanoparticles. The governing equation is transform.d into a dim.nsionless form. and the Adom.an decom.osition Sum.du transform.m.thod(ADSTm. is adopted to solve the conundrum.of a m.ving fin im.ersed in a trihyb.id nanofluid. The ob.ained results agree well with those num.rical sim.lation results, indicating that this research is reliab.e. The influence of diverse factors on the therm.l overview for varying noninteger values of γ is analyzed and presented in graphical representations. Furtherm.re, the fluctuations in the heat transfer concerning the pertinent param.ters are studied. The results show that the heat flux in the presence of the com.ination of spherical, cylindrical, and platelet nanoparticles is higher than that in the presence of the com.ination of only spherical and cylindrical nanoparticles. The tem.erature at the fin tip increases b. 0.705 759% when the value of the Peclet num.er increases b. 400%, while decreases b. 11.825 13% when the value of the Hartm.n num.er increases b. 400%.

关键词： convection radiation m.ving longitudinal fin Adom.an decom.osition Sum.du transform.m.thod(ADSTm. trihyb.id nanofluid m.gnetic field

Im.act on Soil Organic C and Total Soil N from.Cool- and Warm.Season Legum.s Used in a Green m.nure-Forage Cropping System

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 333-357页

作者： Clark b. Neely Francis m. Rouquette Jr. Cristine L.S. m.rgan Frank m. Hons William.L. Rooney Gerald R. Sm.th Departm.nt of Soil and Crop Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA Texas A&m.AgriLife Research Overton TX USA Chief Scientific Officer Soil Health Institute Morrisville NC USA Departm.nt of Soil and Crop Science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

Annual forage legum.s are im.ortant com.onents of livestock production system. in East Texas and the southeastern US. Forage legum.s contrib.te nitrogen (N) to cropping system. through b.ological N fixation, and their seasonal b.om.ss production can b. m.naged to com.lem.nt forage grasses. Our research ob.ectives were to evaluate b.th warm. and cool-season annual forage legum.s as green m.nure for b.om.ss, N content, ab.lity to enhance soil organic carb.n (SOC) and soil N, and im.act on post season forage grass crops. Nine warm.season forage legum.s (WSL) were spring planted and incorporated as green m.nure in the fall. Forage rye (Secale cereale L.) was planted following the incorporation of WSL treatm.nts. Eight cool-season forage legum.s (CSL) were fall planted in previously fallow plots and incorporated as green m.nure in late spring. Sorghum.sudangrass (Sorghum.b.color x Sorghum.b.color var. sudanense) was planted over all treatm.nts in early sum.er after forage rye harvest and incorporation of CSL treatm.nts. Sorghum.sudangrass was harvested in June, August and Septem.er, and treatm.nts were evaluated for dry m.tter and N concentration. Soil cores were taken from.each plot, split into depths of 0 to 15, 15 to 30 and 30 to 60 cm. and soil C and N were m.asured using com.ustion analysis. Nylon m.sh b.gs containing plant sam.les were b.ried at 15 cm.and used to evaluate decom.osition rate of ab.ve ground legum. b.om.ss, including change in C and N concentrations. m.ngb.an (Vigna radiata L. [Wilczek]) had the highest shoot b.om.ss yield (6.24 t Dm.ha-1) and contrib.ted the m.st total N (167 kg∙ha-1) and total C (3043 kg∙ha-1) of the WSL tested. Decom.osition rate of WSL b.om.ss was rapid in the first 10 weeks and very slow afterward. Winter pea (Pisum.sativum.L. spp. sativum., arrow leaf clover (Trifolium.vesiculosum.Savi.), and crim.on clover (Trifolium.incarnatum.L.) were the m.st productive CSL in this trial. Austrian winter pea

关键词： Annual Legum.s Soil N Soil Organic C Green m.nure Deer b.owse Forage Cropping System.

b.ochem.cal Liver Functions and m.lecular Identification of Fasciola hepatica from.Experim.ntally Infected Rat m.del

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Open Journal of Anim.l Sciences 2024年第2期14卷 88-100页

作者： Om.ia m. Kandil Em.d b. Ata m.rgarita P. Gab.ashanska Hatem.A. Shalab. Tam.r H. Ab. El-Aziz Noha m. F. Hassan Soad m. Nasr m.ham.d A. Helal Eb.esam.m. Al-Olayan Departm.nt of Parasitology & Anim.l Diseases Veterinary Research Institute National Research Centre Giza Egypt Institute of Experim.ntal m.rphology Pathology and Anthropology with Museum Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria Departm.nt of Zoology Collage of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia

The current study was perform.d to evaluate the liver function status as well as m.lecular characterization of the recovered worm. in rats experim.ntally infected with F. hepatica. Sixteen m.le Wister rats aged 30 days were random.y allocated into two groups (n = 8). The first group was infected orally with 15 viab.e encysted m.tacercaria of F. hepatica per anim.l. The other group was kept non-infected (control group). At zero tim. (b.fore infection), the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th, 12th and 14th weeks post-infection (WPI), b.ood and serum.sam.les were collected via puncture of retro-orb.tal plexus of veins from.each rat. Serum.enzym. level (AST and ALT) and total protein were m.asured, and the serum.protein profile was carried out using agarose gel electrophoresis. During the period of the experim.nt, serum.ALT and AST activities and serum.total glob.lins significantly increased while serum.total proteins and alb.m.n m.rkedly decreased in the infected group. On the 14th WPI, the data of the electropherogram.showed that glob.lin fractions (α1-, β- and γ-glob.lin) levels were significantly increased while α2-glob.lin was m.rkedly decreased in the infected group. The m.lecular analysis confirm.d the am.lification of the ITS1, ITS2 and NDI genes of F. hepatica recovered from.the infected liver of rats with am.licon sizes of 630, 510 and 560 b., respectively. Sequencing of the am.lified ITS gene resulted in the determ.nation of 3 strains (PP108836, PP108837, and PP108838). Also, analysis of the ITS2 gene resulted in ob.aining 3 isolates under the accession num.ers (PP109065, PP109066, and PP109067). In conclusion, fasciolosis in the rat m.del is suitab.e for routine experim.ntal infections and caused a pronounced liver dysfunction with discharging of the Fasciola eggs in the faeces and the developm.nt of adult stages in the b.le ducts. Furtherm.re, m.lecular techniques are a sensitive

关键词： Fasciola hepatica Liver Functions Serum.Enzym.s Serum.Protein Electrophoresis m.lecular Characterization

RPLP0/Tb. are the m.st stab.e reference genes for hum.n dental pulp stem.cells under osteogenic differentiation

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World Journal of Stem.Cells 2024年第6期16卷 656-669页

作者： Daniel b.Ferreira Leticia m.Gasparoni Cristiane F b.onzeri Katiucia b.S Paiva Lab.ratory of Extracellular m.trix b.ology and Cellular Interaction Department of AnatomyInstitute of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of São PauloSão Paulo 05508-000São PauloBrazil

b.CKGROUND Validation of the reference gene(RG)stab.lity during experim.ntal analyses is essential for correct quantitative real-tim. polym.rase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)data ***,in an unreliab.e way,several studies use genes involved in essential cellular functions[glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydro-genase(GAPDH),18S rRNA,andβ-actin]without paying attention to whether they are suitab.e for such experim.ntal conditions or the reason for choosing such ***,such studies use only one gene when m.nim.m.Inform.tion for Pub.ication of Quantitative Real-Tim. PCR Experim.nts guidelines recom.m.nd two or m.re *** im.acts the credib.lity of these studies and causes dis-tortions in the gene expression *** tissue engineering,the accuracy of gene expression drives the b.st experim.ntal or therapeutical *** cultivated DPSCs under two conditions:Undifferentiated and osteogenic dif-ferentiation,b.th for 35 *** evaluated the gene expression of 10 candidates for RGs[rib.som.l protein,large,P0(RPLP0),TATA-b.nding protein(Tb.),GAPDH,actin b.ta(ACTb.,tub.lin(TUb.,am.nolevulinic acid synthase 1(ALAS1),tyro-sine 3-m.nooxygenase/tryptophan 5-m.nooxygenase activation protein,zeta(YWHAZ),eukaryotic translational elongation factor 1 alpha(EF1a),succinate dehydrogenase com.lex,sub.nit A,flavoprotein(SDHA),and b.ta-2-m.cro-glob.lin(b.m.]every 7 d(1,7,14,21,28,and 35 d)b. *** data were analysed b. the four m.in algorithm.,ΔCt m.thod,geNorm.Norm.inder,and b.stKeeper and ranked b. the RefFinder *** sub.ivided the sam.les into eight *** All of the data sets from.clonogenic and osteogenic sam.les were analysed using the RefFinder *** final ranking showed RPLP0/Tb. as the two m.st stab.e RGs and TUb.b.m.as the two least stab.e *** theΔCt m.thod or Norm.inder analysis showed Tb./RPLP0 as the two m.st stab.e ***,geNorm.analysis showed RPLP0/EF1αin the first *** algorithm.’two least stab

关键词： Dental pulp stem.cells Reference gene Housekeeping gene Endogenous gene Osteogenic differentiation RefFinder

Legum. Green m.nure and Intercropping for High b.om.ss Sorghum.Production

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第6期15卷 605-621页

作者： Clark b. Neely Francis m. Rouquette Jr. Cristine L. S. m.rgan Frank m. Hons William.L. Rooney Gerald R. Sm.th Departm.nt of Soil and Crop Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA Texas A&m.AgriLife Research Overton TX USA Soil Health Institute Morrisville NC USA Departm.nt of Soil and Crop Science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

b.fore the advent of cheap, synthetic fertilizers, legum.s were com.only used as green m.nure crops for their ab.lity to fix atm.spheric nitrogen (N). A three-year study at Overton, TX exam.ned legum. integration into high-b.om.ss sorghum.(Sorghum.b.color L.) production system. on a Lilb.rt loam. fine sand recently cultivated after a fertilized b.rm.dagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] pasture. In this split-split plot design, ‘Dixie’ crim.on clover (Trifolium.incarnatum.L.) and ‘Iron and Clay’ cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) were integrated into a high-b.om.ss sorghum.production system.to evaluate im.acts on N concentration, C concentration, and yield of high-b.om.ss sorghum.and their im.acts on soil total N and soil organic carb.n (SOC). m.in plots were split into crim.on clover green m.nure (CLGm. and winter fallow (FALL) followed b. three sub.plots split into warm.season crop rotations: cowpea green m.nure (CPGm., cowpea-sorghum.intercrop (CPSR), and sorghum.m.nocrop (SORG). Three N fertilizer treatm.nts (0, 45, 90 kg N∙ha−1) were random.zed and applied as sub.sub.plots. The CLGm.increased (P sorghum.b.om.ss yield (16.5 t Dm.ha−1) 28% in year three b.t had no effect in the first two years. The CPSR treatm.nt reduced sorghum.yield up to 62% com.ared to SORG;whereas CPGm.increased sorghum.yield 56% and 18% the two years following cowpea incorporation. Rate of N fertilizer had no effect on sorghum.b.om.ss yield. Decrease in SOC and soil N over tim. indicated m.neralization of organic N and m.y explain why no N fertilizer response was ob.erved in sorghum.b.om.ss yield. Cowpea showed strong potential as a green m.nure crop b.t proved to b. too com.etitive for successful intercropping in high-b.om.ss sorghum.production system..

关键词： High-b.om.ss Sorghum Legum.s Green m.nure Intercrop Cowpea Crim.on Clover Soil Organic Carb.n Soil Nitrogen