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The Im.act of Assim.lating Radar-estim.ted Rain Rates on Sim.lation of Precipitation in the 17-18 July 1996 Chicago Floods

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Advances in Atm.spheric Sciences 2010年第2期27卷 195-210页

作者： Xingb.o WANG m. K. YAU b. NAGARAJAN Luc FILLION Deptartm.nt of Atm.spheric and Oceanic Sciences McGiU University Montreal Canada Recherche en Prevision Num.rique Environment Canada Dorval Montreal Canada

Rainfall prediction rem.ins one of the m.st challenging prob.em. in weather forecasting. In order to im.rove high-resolution quantitative precipitation forecasts （QPF）, a new procedure for assim.lating rainfall rate derived from.radar com.osite reflectivity has b.en proposed and tested in a num.rical sim.lation of the Chicago floods of 17–18 July 1996. The m.thodology is b.sed on the one-dim.nsional variation schem. （1DVAR） assim.lation approach introduced b. Fillion and Errico b.t applied here using the Kain-Fritsch convective param.terization schem. （KF CPS）. The novel feature of this work is the continuous assim.lation of radar estim.ted rain rate over a three hour period, rather than a single assim.lation at the initial （analysis） tim.. m.st of the characteristics of this precipitation event, including the propagation, regeneration of m.soscale convective system., the frontal b.undary across the m.dwest and the evolution of the low-level jet are b.tter captured in the sim.lation as the radar-estim.ted precipitation rate is assim.lated. The results indicate that precipitation assim.lation during the early stage can im.rove the sim.lated m.soscale feature of the convection system.and shorten the spin-up tim. significantly. Com.arison of precipitation forecasts b.tween the experim.nts with and without the 1DVAR indicates that the 1DVAR schem. has a positive im.act on the QPF up to 36 hours in term. of the b.as and b.as equalized threat scores.

关键词： quantitative precipitation forecasts 1DVAR data assim.lation

STAb.LITY AND RESONANCES OF m.LTISTEP COSINE m.THODS

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Journal of Com.utational m.them.tics 2012年第5期30卷 517-532页

作者： b. Cano m.J. m.reta Departam.nto de m.tem.tica Aplicada IMUVA. Facultad de Ciencias. Paseo Belen 7 CP 47011 Valladolid Spain Departam.nto de Fundam.ntos del Andlisis Econdm.co I. Universidad Com.lutense de m.drid. Cam.us de Som.saguas Pozuelo de Alarcdn 28223 Madrid Spain

In a previous paper, som. particular m.ltistep cosine m.thods were constructed which proved to b. very efficient b.cause of b.ing ab.e to integrate in a stab.e and explicit way linearly stiff prob.em. of second-order in tim.. In the present paper, the conditions which guarantee stab.lity for general m.thods of this type are given, as well as a thorough study of resonances and filtering for sym.etric ones （which, in another paper, have b.en proved to b.have very advantageously with respect to conservation of invariants in Ham.ltonian wave equations）. What is given here is a system.tic way to analyse and treat any of the m.thods of this type in the m.ntioned aspects.

关键词： Exponential integrators m.ltistep cosine m.thods Second-order partial dif-ferential equations Stab.lity Resonances

Estim.tion of the van Genuchten Soil Water Retention Properties from.Soil Textural Data

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Pedosphere 2010年第4期20卷 456-465页

作者： b. GHANb.RIAN-ALAVIJEH A. LIAGHAT HUANG Guan-Hua m. Th. VAN GENUCHTEN Departm.nt of Irrigation and Reclam.tion Engineering University of Tehran Karaj 31587-77871 （Iran） Departm.nt of Earth and Environm.ntal Sciences Wright State University Dayton OH 45435 （USA） Departm.nt of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing 100083 （China） Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Federal University of Rio de Janeiro RJ 21945-970 （Brazil）

The van Genuchten (vG) function is often used to describ. the soil water retention curve (SWRC) of unsaturated soils and fractured rock. The ob.ective of this study was to develop a m.thod to determ.ne the vG m.del param.ter m.from.the fractal dim.nsion. We com.ared two approaches previously proposed b. van Genuchten and Lenhard et al. for estim.ting m.from.the pore size distrib.tion index of the b.ooks and Corey (b.) m.del. In b.th approaches we used a relationship b.tween the pore size distrib.tion index of the b. m.del and the fractal dim.nsion of the SWRC. A dataset containing 75 sam.les from.the UNSODA unsaturated soil hydraulic datab.se was used to evaluate the two approaches. The statistical param.ters showed that the approach b. Lenhard et al. provided b.tter estim.tes of the param.ter m. Another dataset containing 72 sam.les from.the literature was used to validate Lenhard's approach in which the SWRC fractal dim.nsion was estim.ted from.the clay content. The estim.ted SWRC of the second dataset was com.ared with those ob.ained with the Rosetta m.del using sand, silt, and clay contents. Root m.an square error values of the proposed fractal approach and Rosetta were 0.081 and 0.136, respectively, indicating that the proposed fractal approach perform.d b.tter than the Rosetta m.del.

关键词： fractal dim.nsion soil water retention curve van Genuchten param.terization

Electron Acceleration b. m.crowave Radiation Inside a Rectangular Waveguide

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Plasm. Science and Technology 2011年第3期13卷 357-361页

作者： b. F. m.HAm.D A.m. GOUDA Plasm. Physics Departm.nt N.R.C. Atomic Energy Authority Cairo Egypt

Electron dynam.cs in the fields associated with a transverse m.gnetic （Tm. wave propagating inside a rectangular waveguide is analytically studied. The relativistic m.m.ntum.and energy equations for an electron are solved, which was injected initially along the propagation direction of the m.crowave. Expressions of the acceleration gradient and deflection angle are ob.ained. In principle, it is shown that the electron can b. accelerated in this condition and there is no deflection when the electron is injected from.the centre of the waveguide front. However, it is found that the acceleration gradient and deflection angle depend strongly on the param.ters of the m.crowave （intensity, frequency, etc.） and the dim.nsions of the waveguide.

关键词： waveguide electron acceleration polarized m.crowave

Preclinical characterization and validation of a dual-lab.led trastuzum.b.b.sed im.ging agent for diagnosing b.east cancer

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2015年第1期27卷 74-82页

作者： Xuejuan Wang m.lissa b. Aldrich m.lton V. m.rshall Eva m. Sevick-m.raca Departm.nt of Nuclear m.dicine Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education) Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute Division of m.lecular Im.ging The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston

Ob.ective： The com.ination of b.th nuclear and fluorescent reporters provides unique opportunities for noninvasive nuclear im.ging with sub.equent fluorescence im.ge-guided resection and pathology. Our ob.ective was to synthesize and optim.ze a dual-lab.led trastuzum.b.b.sed im.ging agent that can b. used to validate an optical im.ging agent with potential use in identifying tum.r m.tastases in hum.n epiderm.l growth factor receptor 2 （HER2） positive b.east cancer patients. m.thods： [111In]-DTPA-trastuzum.b.IRDye 800 was synthesized b. a three-step procedure. Purity, stab.lity, im.unoreactivity, internalization and b.odistrib.tion were explored in HER2＋ SKb.-3 cells. b.odistrib.tion of [111In]-DTPA-trastuzum.b.IRDye 800 was perform.d in a SKb.-3 xenograft m.del. Results： [111In]-DTPA-trastuzum.b.IRDye 800 dem.nstrated high purity b. b.th chem.cal and fluorom.tric determ.nations. b.th flow cytom.try and the Lindm. assay dem.nstrated a high b.nding affinity of [111In]-DTPA-trastuzum.b.IRDye 800 to HER2-overexpressing cells. The dual-lab.led conjugate was stab.e in Pb., b.t not in serum.after 24 h at 37 ℃. Larger m.lecules （〉150 kD） were seen after a 24 h-incub.tion in hum.n serum. b.odistrib.tion studies revealed tum.r-specific accum.lation of [111In]-DTPA- trastuzum.b.IRDye 800 in SKb.-3 tum.rs, and tum.r uptakes at 24 and 48 h were （12.42±1.72）% and （9.96±1.05） %, respectively, following intravenous adm.nistration. The tum.r-to-m.scle ratio was 9.13±1.68 at 24 h, and increased to 12.79±2.13 at 48 h. Liver and kidney showed m.rked uptake of the dual-lab.led im.ging agent. Conclusions： [111In]-DTPA-trastuzum.b.IRDye 800 is an effective diagnostic b.om.rker that can b. used to validate dual-lab.led, m.lecularly targeted im.ging agents and can allow these agents to b. translated into clinical practice for identifying HER2＋ lesions.

关键词： Dual-lab.ling trastuzum.b hum.n epiderm.l growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) near-infrared opticalim.ging (NIR optical im.ging) radioim.unoscintigraphy

Tight Focusing Properties of Azim.thally Polarized Pair of Vortex b.am. through a Dielectric Interface

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Chinese Physics Letters 2017年第7期34卷 109-113页

作者： C. A. P. Janet m. Lavanya K. b. Rajesh m. Udhayakum.r Z. Jaroszewicz D. Velauthapillai Departm.nt of Physics St.Xavier's Catholic College of Engineering Nagercoil Tamilnadu India Departm.nt of Physics PSGR Krishnammal College for Women Coimbatore Tamilnadu India Departm.nt of Physics Chikkanna Government Arts College Tiruppur Tamilnadu India Institute of Applied Optics Department of Physical Optics Warsaw Poland and National Institute of Telecommunications Warsaw Poland Faculty of Engineering and b.siness Adm.nistration Bergen University College Bergen Norway

Tight focusing properties of an azim.thally polarized Gaussian b.am.with a pair of vortices through a dielectric interface is theoretically investigated b. vector diffraction theory. For the incident b.am.with a pair of vortices of opposite topological charges, the vortices m.ve toward each other, annihilate and revive in the vicinity of focal plane, which results in the generation of m.ny novel focal patterns. The usab.e focal structures generated through the tight focusing of the doub.e-vortex b.am. m.y find applications in m.cro-particle trapping, m.nipulation, and m.terial processing, etc.

关键词： Tight Focusing Properties of Azim.thally Polarized Pair of Vortex b.am. through a Dielectric Interface

Use of Sewage Sludge After Lim.ng as Fertilizer for m.ize Growth

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Pedosphere 2008年第2期18卷 203-213页

作者： m.K.JAm.LI T.G.KAZI m.b.arain H.I.AFRIDI A.R.m.m.N N.JALb.NI A.SHAH National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chem.stry

The use of sewage sludge on agricultural land provides an alternative for its disposal. Therefore, the aim.of the present study was to evaluate the feasib.lity of using industrial sewage sludge produced in Pakistan, as an agricultural fertilizer. The agricultural soil am.nded with 250 g kg^-1 sewage sludge with or without lim. treatm.nt was used for the growth of the com.on local grain crop, m.ize （Zea m.ize）. The m.b.lity of the trace and toxic m.tals in the sludge sam.les was assessed b. applying a m.dified b.R sequential extraction procedure. The single extraction procedure was com.rised of the application of a m.ld extractant （CaCl2） and water, for the estim.tion of the proportion of easily solub.e m.tal fractions. To check the precision of the analytical results, the concentrations of trace and toxic m.tals in every step of the sequential extraction procedure were sum.ed up and com.ared with total m.tal concentrations. The plant-availab.e m.tal contents, as indicated b. the deionized water and 0.01 m.l L^-1 CaCl2 solution extraction fractions and the exchangeab.e fraction of the sequential extraction, decreased significantly （P 〈 0.05） with lim. application b.cause of the reduced m.tal availab.lity at a higher pH, except in the cases of Cd and Cu, whose m.b.lity was slightly increased. Sludge am.ndm.nt enhanced the dry weight yield of m.ize and the increase was m.re ob.ious for the soil with lim. treatm.nt. Lim.ng the sewage sludge reduced the trace and toxic m.tal contents in the grain tissues, except Cu and Cd, which were b.low the perm.ssib.e lim.ts of these m.tals. The present experim.nt dem.nstrates that lim.ng was an im.ortant factor in facilitating the growth of m.ize in sludge-am.nded soil.

关键词： lim. treatm.nt m.ize m.tals sequential extraction sewage sludge

Form.lation, optim.zation & evaluation of m.uth dissolving film.of nifedipine b. using design of experim.nt

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Asian Journal of Pharm.ceutical Sciences 2016年第1期11卷 74-76页

作者： Anil m. Pethe Riddhi b. Desai Shob.ab.n Pratapb.ai Patel School of Pharm.cy & Technology m.nagem.nt SVKM’S NMIMS University

The oral m.cosa is vascularized,drugs can b. ab.orb.d directly and can enter the system.c circulation without firstpass m.tab.lism.1].This advantage can b. used in preparing products with increased oral b.oavailab.lity of m.lecules that undergo first pass *** oral m.cosa is an attractive site for drug delivery[2,3].The ob.ective of this research work is to form.late m.uth dissolving film.of nifedipine for enhanced *** is used to treat hypertension and angina pectoris.

关键词： Nifedipine m.uth dissolving film. DOE

Institutional arrangem.nt and typology of com.unity forests of m.ghalaya, m.zoram.and Nagaland of North-East India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第1期24卷 179-186页

作者： b. K. Tiwari H. Tynsong m. m. Lynrah E. Lapasam.S. Deb.D. Sharm. Departm.nt of Environm.ntal Studies North-Eastern Hill University Regional Centre National Afforestation and Eco-Development BoardNorth-Eastern Hill University

m.st com.unity forests in hill regions of northeast India have b.en m.naged b. traditional local institutions for centuries and m.st of these institutions rem.in functional even today. Higher forest coverage on private and com.unity lands as com.ared to governm.nt land indicates that traditional institutions effectively m.nage com.unity forests in the region. The present study was conducted through a survey of literature and field work using participatory research tools viz., PRA exercises, group discussions and questionnaire interviews with key inform.nts in northeast India. We categorized the institutions involved in conservation and m.nagem.nt of forests into three m.jor types： traditional, quasi-traditional and m.dern. Traditional institutions with hierarchal structure were found in all states and are intact and functional in the state of m.ghalaya. Quasi-traditional institutions, a b.end of traditional and m.dern institutions were prevalent in Nagaland while m.dern institutions have alm.st replaced traditional institutions in m.zoram. We recorded at least eleven types of com.unity forests viz., group of village forest, village forest, restricted forest, sacred forest, clan forest, cem.tery forest, regeneration forest, b.m.oo forest, recreation forest, village reserved forest and m.dicinal plantation in villages of three states. The trib.l people, through long-term.trial and error experim.nts, have developed an elab.rate, functional and generally dem.cratic system.of conservation and m.nagem.nt of forests and associated natural ecosystem.. Several forest and natural resource m.nagem.nt lessons can b. learnt from.the institutional structure and decision m.king system.of the evolving and dynam.c institutions of trib.l com.unities of the region.

关键词： sustainab.e natural resources com.unity, institution: trib.l