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Exploring van der Waals m.terials with high anisotropy:geom.trical and optical approaches

Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第4期13卷 645-653页

作者： Aleksandr S.Slavich Georgy A.Erm.laev m.khail K.Tatm.shevskiy Adilet N.Toksum.kov Olga G.m.tveeva Dm.triy V.Grudinin Kirill V.Voronin Arslan m.zitov Konstantin V.Kravtsov Alexander V.Syuy Dm.try m.Tsym.arenko m.khail S.m.ronov Sergey m.Novikov Ivan Kruglov Davit A.Ghazaryan Andrey A.Vyshnevyy Aleksey V.Arsenin Valentyn S.Volkov Kostya S.Novoselov m.scow Center for Advanced Studies Kulakova str.20Moscow 123592Russia. Em.rging Technologies Research Center XPANCEOInternet CityEmmay TowerDubaiUnited Arab Emirates. Donostia International Physics Center(DIPC) Donostia/San-Sebastián 20018Spain. Institute of m.terials Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne1015 LausanneSwitzerland. Departm.nt of Chem.stry Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow 119991Russia. Laboratory of Advanced Functional m.terials Yerevan State UniversityYerevan 0025Armenia. National Graphene Institute(NGI) University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK. Departm.nt of m.terials Science and Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 03-09 EASingapore. Institute for Functional Intelligent m.terials National University of Singapore117544 SingaporeSingapore

The em.rgence of van der Waals(vdW)m.terials resulted in the discovery of their high optical,m.chanical,and electronic anisotropic properties,im.ediately enabling countless novel phenom.na and applications.Such success inspired an intensive search for the highest possible anisotropic properties am.ng vdW m.terials.Furtherm.re,the identification of the m.st prom.sing am.ng the huge fam.ly of vdW m.terials is a challenging quest requiring innovative approaches.Here,we suggest an easy-to-use m.thod for such a survey based on the crystallographic geom.trical perspective of vdW m.terials followed by their optical characterization.Using our approach,we found As2S3 as a highly anisotropic vdW m.terial.It dem.nstrates high in-plane optical anisotropy that is~20%larger than for rutile and over two tim.s as large as calcite,high refractive index,and transparency in the visible range,overcom.ng the century-long record set by rutile.Given these benefits,As2S3 opens a pathway towards nextgeneration nanophotonics as dem.nstrated by an ultrathin true zero-order quarter-wave plate that com.ines classical and the Fabry–Pérot optical phase accum.lations.Hence,our approach provides an effective and easy-to-use m.thod to find vdW m.terials with the utm.st anisotropic properties.

关键词： anisotropy anisotropic high

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Perform.nce Evaluation ofm.lti-Agent Reinforcem.nt Learning Algorithm.

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Intelligent Autom.tion & Soft Com.uting 2024年第2期39卷 337-352页

作者： Abdulghani m.Abdulghani m.khles m.Abdulghani Wilbur L.Walters Khalid H.Abed Departm.nt of Electrical&Com.uter Engineering and Com.uter Science Jackson State UniversityJacksonMS 39217USA

m.lti-Agent Reinforcem.nt Learning(m.rl)has proven to be successful in cooperative assignm.nts.m.rl is used to investigate how autonom.us agents with the sam. interests can connect and act in one team.m.rl cooperation scenarios are explored in recreational cooperative augm.nted reality environm.nts,as well as realworld scenarios in robotics.In this paper,we explore the realm.of m.rl and its potential applications in cooperative assignm.nts.Our focus is on developing a m.lti-agent system.that can collaborate to attack or defend against enem.es and achieve victory withm.nim.l dam.ge.To accom.lish this,we utilize the StarCraftm.lti-Agent Challenge(Sm.C)environm.nt and train four m.rl algorithm.:Q-learning with m.xtures of Experts(Qm.X),Value-Decom.ositionNetwork(VDN),m.lti-agent Proxim.l PolicyOptim.zer(m.PPO),andm.lti-Agent Actor Attention Critic(m.A2C).These algorithm. allow m.ltiple agents to cooperate in a specific scenario to achieve the targeted m.ssion.Our results show that the Qm.X algorithm.outperform. the other three algorithm. in the attacking scenario,while the VDN algorithm.achieves the best results in the defending scenario.Specifically,the VDNalgorithm.eaches the highest value of battle wonm.an and the lowest value of dead alliesm.an.Our research dem.nstrates the potential form.rl algorithm. to be used in real-world applications,such as controllingm.ltiple robots to provide helpful services or coordinating team. of agents to accom.lish tasks that would be im.ossible for a hum.n to do.The Sm.C environm.nt provides a unique opportunity to test and evaluate m.rl algorithm. in a challenging and dynam.c environm.nt,and our results show that these algorithm. can be used to achieve victory with m.nim.l dam.ge.

关键词： Reinforcem.nt learning rl m.lti-agent m.rl Sm.C VDN Qm.X m.PPO

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Incidental congenital coronary artery vascular fistulas in adults:Evaluation with adenosine-13N-am.onia PET-CT

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World Journal of Cardiology 2018年第10期10卷 153-164页

作者： Salah Am.Said Aly Agool Arno Hm.m.ons m.unir WZ Basalus Nils rl Wagenaar Rogier LG Nijhuis Jutta m.Schroeder-Tanka Riem.r HJA Slart Departm.nt of Cardiology Hospital Group TwenteAlmelo-Hengelo 7555 DLOverijsselThe Netherlands Departm.nt of Nuclear m.dicine Hospital Group TwenteAlmelo-Hengelo 7555 DLOverijsselThe Netherlands Departm.nt of Cardiology Slotervaart HospitalAmsterdam 1066 ECNorth HollandThe Netherlands Departm.nt of Cardiology Hospital Onze Lieve Vrouwe GasthuisLocation WestAmsterdam 1061 AENorth HollandThe Netherlands Departm.nt of Nuclear m.dicine and m.lecular Im.ging University Medical Center GroningenGroningen 9713 GZThe Netherlands Faculty of Science and Technology Biomedical Photonic ImagingUniversity of TwenteEnschede 7522 NBThe Netherlands

AIm.To assess the functionality of congenital coronary artery fistulas(CAFs) using adenosine stress ^(13)N-am.onia positron em.ssion tom.graphy com.uted tom.graphy(PET-CT).m.THODS Congenital CAFs were incidentally detected during coronary angiography(CAG) procedures in 11 adult patients(six m.les and five fem.les) with a m.an age of 64.3 years(range 41-81). Patients were collected from.three institutes in the Netherlands. The characteristics of the fistulas(origin, pathway and term.nation), m.ltiplicity of the origins and pathways of the fistulous vessels were assessed by CAG. Five patients underwent adenosine pharm.cologic stress ^(13)N-am.onia PET-CT to assess m.ocardial perfusion and the functional behavior of the fistula. RESULTS Eleven patients with 12 CAFs, 10 unilateral and one bilateral, originating from.the left anterior descending coronary artery(n = 8), right coronary artery(n = 2) and circum.lex(n = 2). All fistulas were of the vascular type, term.nating into either the pulm.nary artery(n = 11) or coronary sinus(n = 1). The CAG delineated the characteristics of the fistula(origin, pathway and term.nation). m.ltiplicity of the origins and pathways of the fistulous vessels were com.on in m.st fistulas(8/12, 67% and 9/12, 75%, respectively). m.ltiplicity was com.on am.ng the different fistula com.onents(23/36, 64%). Adenosine pharm.cologic stress ^(13)N-am.onia PET-CT revealed norm.l m.ocardial perfusion and ejection fraction in all but one patient, who showed a reduced ejection fraction.CONCLUSION PET-CT m.y be helpful for assessing the functional status of congenital CAFs in selected patients regarding clinical decision-m.king. Studies with a larger patient series are warranted.

关键词： Coronary angiography Coronary-pulm.nary artery fistulas Adenosine am.onia positron em.ssion tom.graphy com.uted tom.graphy Coronary vascular fistulas Congenital coronary artery fistulas

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CTGF, intestinal stellate cells and carcinoid fi brogenesis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第39期13卷 5208-5216页

作者： m.Kidd Im.m.dlin m. Shapiro rl Cam. Sm.m.ne W Usinger JR m.rren Departm.nts of Surgery Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut 06520-8062 United States Departm.nts of Pathology Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut 06520-8062 United States Departm.nts of Affym.trix Resource Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut 06520-8062 United States Fibrogen Inc San Francisco CA United States Departm.nts of m.dical Oncology Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut 06520-8062 United States

AIm. To investigate the role of sm.ll intestinal carcinoid tum.r-derived fibrotic m.diators, TGFβ1 and CTGF, in the m.diation of fi brosis via activation of an "intestinal" stellate cell. m.THODS: GI carcinoid tum.rs were collected for Q RT-PCR analysis of CTGF and TGFβ1. m.rkers of stellate cell desm.plasia were identified in peritoneal fibrosis by im.unohistochem.stry and stellate cells cultured from.fresh resected fibrotic tissue. CTGF and TGFβ1 were evaluated using quantitative tissue array profi ling (AQUA analysis) in a GI carcinoid tissue m.croarray (Tm.) with im.unostaining and correlated with clinical and histologically docum.nted fi brosis. Serum.CTGF was analyzed using a sandwich ELISA assay. RESULTS: m.ssage levels of both CTGF and TGFβ1 in SI carcinoid tum.rs were signifi cantly increased (> 2-fold, P m.l m.cosa and gastric (non-f ibrotic) carcinoids. Activated stellate cells and m.rkers of stellate cell-m.diated fi brosis (vim.ntin, desm.n) were identifi ed in histological fibrosis. An intestinal stellate cell was im.unocytochem.cally and biochem.cally characterized and its TGFβ1 (10-7m. initiated CTGF transcription response (> 3-fold, P m.nstrated. In SI carcinoid tum.r patients with docum.nted fi brosis, Tm. analysis dem.nstrated higher CTGF im.unostaining (AQUA Score: 92 ± 8; P m. CTGF (norm.l 12.5 ± 2.6 ng/m.) was increased in SI carcinoid tum.r patients (31 ± 10 ng/m., P m.ared to non-fi brotic GI carcinoids (m.).CONCLUSION: SI carcinoid tum.r fibrosis is a CTGF/ TGFβ1-m.diated stellate cell-driven fibrotic response. The delineation of the biology of fibrosis will facilitate diagnosis and enable developm.nt of agents to obviate its local and system.c com.lications.

关键词：良性肿瘤纤维化小肠星状细胞

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Reinforcem.nt Learning with an Ensem.le of Binary Action Deep Q-Networks

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Com.uter System. Science & Engineering 2023年第9期46卷 2651-2666页

作者： A.m.Hafiz m.Hassaballah Abdullah Alqahtani Shtwai Alsubai m.ham.d Abdel Ham.ed Departm.nt of Electronics&Com.unication Engineering Institute of TechnologyUniversity of KashmirSrinagarJ&K190006India Departm.nt of Com.uter Science Faculty of Computers and InformationSouth Valley UniversityQenaEgypt College of Com.uter Engineering and Sciences Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityAlkhrjKSA Departm.nt of Com.uter Science Faculty of Computers and InformationLuxor UniversityLuxorEgypt

With the advent of Reinforcem.nt Learning(rl)and its continuous progress,state-of-the-art rl system. have com. up for m.ny challenging and real-world tasks.Given the scope of this area,various techniques are found in the literature.One such notable technique,m.ltiple Deep Q-Network(DQN)based rl system. use m.ltiple DQN-based-entities,which learn together and com.unicate with each other.The learning has to be distributed wisely am.ng all entities in such a schem. and the inter-entity com.unication protocol has to be carefully designed.As m.re com.lex DQNs com. to the fore,the overall com.lexity of these m.lti-entity system. has increased m.ny folds leading to issues like difficulty in training,need for high resources,m.re training tim.,and difficulty in fine-tuning leading to perform.nce issues.Taking a cue from.the parallel processing found in the nature and its efficacy,we propose a lightweight ensem.le based approach for solving the core rl tasks.It uses m.ltiple binary action DQNs having shared state and reward.The benefits of the proposed approach are overall sim.licity,faster convergence and better perform.nce com.ared to conventional DQN based approaches.The approach can potentially be extended to any type of DQN by form.ng its ensem.le.Conducting extensive experim.ntation,prom.sing results are obtained using the proposed ensem.le approach on OpenAI Gym.tasks,and Atari 2600 gam.s as com.ared to recent techniques.The proposed approach gives a stateof-the-art score of 500 on the Cartpole-v1 task,259.2 on the Lunarlander-v2 task,and state-of-the-art results on four out of five Atari 2600 gam.s.

关键词： Deep Q-networks ensem.le learning reinforcem.nt learning OpenAI Gym.environm.nts

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Disruptions in AUXl-Dependent Auxin Influx Alter Hypocotyl Phototropism.in Arabidopsis

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m.lecular Plant 2008年第1期1卷 129-144页

作者： Bethany B. Stonea Em.ly L. Stowe-Evans Reneé m. Harper R. Brandon Celaya Karin Ljung Goran Sandbergc Em.anuel Liscum Division of Biological Sciences University of Missouri Columbia Missouri 65211 USA Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center University of Missouri Columbia Missouri 65211 USA Departm.nt of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology Umea Plant Science Center SE-90183 Umea Sweden Current address: Biology Departm.nt Bucknell University Lewisburg Pennsylvania 17837 USA.

Phototropism.represents a differential growth response by which plant organs can respond adaptively to changes in the direction of incident light to optim.ze leaf/stem.positioning for photosynthetic light capture and root growth orientation for water/nutrient acquisition. Studies over the past few years have identified a num.er of com.o- nents in the signaling pathway（s） leading to developm.nt of phototropic curvatures in hypocotyls. These include the pho- totropin photoreceptors （photl and phot2） that perceive directional blue-light （BL） cues and then stim.late signaling, leading to relocalization of the plant horm.ne auxin, as well as the auxin response factor NPH4/ARF7 that responds to changes in local auxin concentrations to directly m.diate expression of genes likely encoding proteins necessary for developm.nt of phototropic curvatures, While null m.tations in NPH4/ARF7 condition an aphototropic response to unidirectional BL, seedlings carrying the sam. m.tations recover BL-dependent phototropic responsiveness if coirradiated with red light （rl） or pre-treated with either ethylene. In the present study, we identify second-site enhancer m.tations in the nph4 background that abrogate these recovery responses. One of these m.tations-m.pl （m.difier of arf7 phenotypes 1）-was found to represent a m.ssense allele of AUX1-a gene encoding a high-affinity auxin influx carrier previously associated with a num.er of root responses. Pharm.cological studies and analyses of additional auxl m.tants confirm.d that AUX1 functions as a m.dulator of hypocotyl phototropism. m.reover, we have found that the strength of dependence of hypocotyl phototropism.on AUX1-m.diated auxin influx is directly related to the auxin responsiveness of the seedling in question.

关键词： AUX1-Dependent Auxin NPH4/ARF7

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肝性昏迷的诊断和治疗

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国外医学.流行病学传染病学分册 1985年第2期12卷 70-73页

作者： m.rl m.闵贤

由肝脏疾病引起的大脑功能障碍多半以门腔循环性脑病为特征,它可表现为初期的隐匿性病变至最终发生肝性昏迷。近年来可将引起肝性昏迷的原因分为急性肝衰竭(内因性昏迷)和慢性肝衰竭(外因性昏迷)两大类。病因和发病机理引起肝性昏迷的... 详细信息

由肝脏疾病引起的大脑功能障碍多半以门腔循环性脑病为特征,它可表现为初期的隐匿性病变至最终发生肝性昏迷。近年来可将引起肝性昏迷的原因分为急性肝衰竭(内因性昏迷)和慢性肝衰竭(外因性昏迷)两大类。病因和发病机理引起肝性昏迷的原因见表1。长期来门腔循环性脑病的发病机理尚未完全阐明,对各种病理因素的共同影响也了

关键词：肝性昏迷大脑功能障碍内因性脑病急性肝衰竭慢性肝衰竭肝脏疾病乳果糖血氨浓度扑翼样震颤

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Kaposi肉瘤

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International Journal of Derm.tology And Venereology 1985年第1期11卷 26-29页

作者： m.dlin rl 罗瑞园吴志华

1981年美国疾病控制中心(CDC)报道在纽约等三城市爆发了26例年轻男性同性恋者患侵袭性Kaposi肉瘤(KS)。1983年已从41个州收集了533例,其中主要为男性同性恋者。此组病例的发病率为每6个月增加一倍,死亡率为21％。本文着重介绍目前KS的流

关键词：发病率 KS 男性同性恋 Kaposi 淋巴结病变肉瘤肿瘤细胞卡氏肺囊虫病血管内皮细胞结节型 DNCB 患者临床过程发病机制同性恋者 AIDS 网状内皮系统血液淋巴系统赤道非洲

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Update on Anti-Saccharom.ces cerevisiae antibodies, anti-nuclear associated anti-neutrophil antibodies and antibodies to exocrine pancreas detected by indirect im.unofluorescence as biom.rkers in chronic inflam.atory bowel diseases: Results of a m.lticent

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第16期13卷 2312-2318页

作者： S Desplat-Jégo C Johanet A Escande J Goetz N Fabien N Olsson E Ballot J Sarles JJ Baudon JC Grim.ud m.Veyrac P Cham.uard rl Hum.el CHU de la Conception Marseille 13005 France CHU Saint-Antoine Paris France CHU Saint-Eloi Montpellier France CHU Hautepierre Strasbourg France CHU Lyon-Sud Pierre-Bénite France CHU Dijon France CHU Tim.ne Marseille France Hpital Trousseau Paris France CHU Nord m.rseille 13005 France Laboratoire Luxem.ourgeois d’Im.unopathologie Esch-sur-Alzette Luxembourg. Services de gastro-entérologie et pédiatrie France

AIm. Anti-Saccharom.ces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA), anti-nuclear associated anti-neutrophil antibodies (NANA) and antibodies to exocrine pancreas (PAB), are serological tools for discrim.nating Crohn’s disease (CrD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Like CrD, coeliac disease (CoD) is an inflam.atory bowel disease (IBD) associated with (auto) antibodies. Perform.ng a m.lticenter study we prim.rily aim.d to determ.ne the perform.nce of ASCA, NANA and PAB tests for IBD diagnosis in children and adults, and secondarily to evaluate the prevalence of these m.rkers in CoD. m.THODS: Sera of 109 patients with CrD, 78 with UC, 45 with CoD and 50 healthy blood donors were retrospectively included. ASCA, NANA and PAB were detected by indirect im.unofluorescence (IIF). RESULTS: ASCA+/NANA- profile displayed a positive predictive value of 94.2% for CrD. Detection of ASCA was correlated with a m.re severe clinical profile of CrD and treatm.nt of the disease did not influence their serum.levels. ASCA positivity was found in 37.9% of active CoD.PAB were found in 36.7% CrD and 13.3% CoD patients and were not correlated with clinical features of CrD, except with an early onset of the disease. Fifteen CrD patients were ASCA negative and PAB positive. CONCLUSION: ASCA and PAB detected by IIF are specific m.rkers for CrD although their presence does not rule out a possible active CoD. The com.ination of ASCA, NANA and PAB tests im.roves the sensitivity of im.unological m.rkers for CrD. Repeating ASCA, NANA, and PAB testing during the course of CrD has no clinical value.

关键词：慢性炎症性肠病多中心研究抗酿酒酵母抗体抗嗜中性粒细胞抗体胰腺外分泌抗体生物标记直接免疫荧光法

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Equilibrium.Isotherm. and Kinetic Studies of Rem.val of m.thylene Blue Dye by Adsorption onto m.swak Leaves as a Natural Adsorbent

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Journal of Environm.ntal Protection 2011年第6期2卷 817-827页

作者： Taha m. Elm.rsi 不详

In this research m.swak leaves, agriculture wastes, available in large quantity in Saudi Arabia, was used as low-cost adsorbent for rem.ving m.thylene blue (m.) dye. Equilibrium.behavior of m.swak leaves was investigated by perform.ng batch adsorption experim.nts. The effects of [m.] 0, pH, contact tim. and adsorbent dose were evaluated. An alkaline pH (10.6) was favorable to the adsorption of m. dye. Adsorption isotherm.m.dels, Langm.ir, Freundlich and Tem.in were used to sim.late the equilibrium.data. Langm.ir equation was found to have the highest value of R2 com.ared with other m.dels. Furtherm.re, it was found that m.swak leaves have a high adsorptive capacity towards m. dye (200 m./g) and show favorable adsorption of m. dye with separation factor (rl m. adsorption onto m.swak leaves. Adsorption process undergoes pseudo-second order kinetic as proved by the high value of R2 and the low value of sum.of squared error (SSE percentage). Results indicated that intra-particle diffusion is not the lim.ting step, and the adsorption process is spontaneous as indicated by the negative value of the .

关键词： m.swak Leaves Salvadora Persica m.thylene Blue Adsorption Isotherm. Adsorption Kinetics

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