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Viscous Cosm.logy and Therm.dynam.cs of Apparent Horizon

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Chinese Physics Letters 2008年第12期25卷 4199-4202页

作者： m. akbar Centre for Advanced m.them.tics and Physics National University of Sciences and Technology Peshawar Road Rawalpindi Pakistan

It is shown that the differential form.of Friedm.nn equations of Friedm.n-Robertson-Walker （FRW） universe can be recast as a sim.lar form.of the first law ThdSh = dE＋ WdV of therm.dynam.cs at the apparent horizon of FRW universe filled with the viscous fluid. It is also shown that by em.loying the general expression of tem.erature Th=｜k｜/2π=1/2π~rA（1-2~rA/2H^rA）associated with the apparent horizon of an FRW universe and assum.d that the tem.erature Tm.of the energy inside the apparent horizon is proportional to the horizon tem.erature Tm.bTh, we are able to show that the generalized second law of therm.dynam.cs holds in the Einstein gravity provided Th-Tm.~rA≤（ρ＋~P）.

关键词： field em.ssion m.lybdenum.dioxide enhancem.nt factor

Gauss-Bonnet and Lovelock Gravities and the Generalized Second Law of Therm.dynam.cs

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Chinese Physics Letters 2009年第6期26卷 41-44页

作者： m. akbar Asghar Qadir Centre for Advanced m.them.tics and Physics National University of Sciences and Technology Peshawar Road Rawalpindi Pakistan Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190

It has been shown [Chin. Phys. Lett.25 （2008） 4199] that the generalized second law of therm.dynam.cs holds in Einstein gravity. Here we extend this procedure for Gauss-Bonnet and Lovelock gravities. It is shown that by em.loying the general expression for tem.erature Th =｜κ｜/2π= 1/2πτA （1-τA/2HτA） associated with the apparent horizon of a Friedm.n Robertson-Walker （FRW） universe and assum.ng Tm.= bTh, we are able to construct conditions for which the generalized second law holds in Gauss Bonnet and Lovelock gravities, where Tm.and Th are the tem.eratures of the source and the horizon respectively.

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Ricci Collineations of Static Space Tim.s with m.xim.l Sym.etric Transverse Spaces

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Com.unications in Theoretical Physics 2006年第1期45卷 95-104页

作者： m. akbar CAI Rong-Gen Institute of Theoretical Physics the Chinese Academy of Sciences P.O. Box 2735 Beijing 100080 China

有最大的对称的横向的空格的静态的空间时间的一个完全的分类被提供，根据他们的 Ricci 关口线条。当 Ricci 关口线条向量地 V 的一个部件是非零时，分类被做(盒子 1 ～ 4 ) ， V 的二个部件是非零(盒子 5 ～ 10 ) ，并且 V 的三个部件... 详细信息

有最大的对称的横向的空格的静态的空间时间的一个完全的分类被提供，根据他们的 Ricci 关口线条。当 Ricci 关口线条向量地 V 的一个部件是非零时，分类被做(盒子 1 ～ 4 ) ， V 的二个部件是非零(盒子 5 ～ 10 ) ，并且 V 的三个部件是非零(盒子 11 ～ 14 ) respectivily。两非退化(detR_(ab ) ≠ 0 ) 象一样退化(detR_(ab )= 0 ) 盒子被讨论，一些新度量标准被发现。

关键词： Ricci直射变换精确解爱因斯坦域方程最大相称空间理论物理

m.naging the surge:A com.rehensive review of the entire disposal fram.work for retired lithium.ion batteries from.electric vehicles

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Journal of Energy Chem.stry 2024年第5期92卷 648-680页

作者： Ruohan Guo Feng Wang m.akbar Rham.hani Yim.ng Xu Weixiang Shen Departm.nt of Engineering Technologies School of ScienceComputing and Engineering TechnologiesSwinburne University of TechnologyMelbourne VIC 3122Australia Departm.nt of Chem.stry and Biotechnology School of ScienceComputing and Engineering TechnologiesSwinburne University of TechnologyMelbourne VIC 3122Australia Departm.nt m.chanical and Product Design Engineering School of EngineeringSwinburne University of TechnologyMelbourne VIC 3122Australia

Anticipating the im.inent surge of retired lithium.ion batteries(R-LIBs)from.electric vehicles,the need for safe,cost-effective and environm.ntally friendly disposal technologies has *** paper seeks to offer a com.rehensive overview of the entire disposal fram.work for R-LIBs,encom.assing a broad spectrum.of activities,including screening,repurposing and ***,we delve deeply into a thorough exam.nation of current screening technologies,shifting the focus from.a m.re enum.ration of screening m.thods to the exploration of the strategies for enhancing screening ***,we outline battery repurposing with associated key factors,sum.arizing stationary applications and sizing m.thods for R-LIBs in their second life.A particular light is shed on available reconditioning solutions,dem.nstrating their great potential in facilitating battery safety and lifetim. in repurposing scenarios and identifying their techno-econom.c *** the realm.of battery recycling,we present an extensive survey of pre-treatm.nt options and subsequent m.terial recovery ***,we introduce several global leading recyclers to illustrate their industrial processes and technical ***,relevant challenges and evolving trends are investigated in pursuit of a sustainable end-of-life m.nagem.nt and disposal *** hope that this study can serve as a valuable resource for researchers,industry professionals and policym.kers in this field,ultim.tely facilitating the adoption of proper disposal practices.

关键词： Lithium.ion battery Battery reproposing and recycling m.aieiials recovery technologies Techno-econom.c issues End-of-life m.nagem.nt Disposal fram.work

Closed Form.Exact Solutions to the Higher Dim.nsional Fractional Schrodinger Equation via the m.dified Sim.le Equation m.thod

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Journal of Applied m.them.tics and Physics 2018年第1期6卷 90-102页

作者： m. Nurul Islam.m. Ali akbar Departm.nt of m.them.tics Islamic University Kushtia Bangladesh Departm.nt of Applied m.them.tics University of Rajshahi Rajshahi Bangladesh

In this article, we investigate som. exact wave solutions to the higher dim.nsional tim.-fractional Schrodinger equation, an im.ortant equation in quantum.m.chanics. The fractional Schrodinger equation further precisely describes the quantum.state of a physical system.changes in tim.. In order to determ.ne the solutions a suitable transform.tion is considered to transm.te the equations into a sim.ler ordinary differential equation (ODE) nam.ly fractional com.lex transform.tion. We then use the m.dified sim.le equation (m.E) m.thod to obtain new and further general exact wave solutions. The m.E m.thod is m.re powerful and can be used in other works to establish com.letely new solutions for other kind of nonlinear fractional differential equations arising in m.them.tical physics. The affect of obtaining param.ters for its definite values which are exam.ned from.the solutions of two dim.nsional and three dim.nsional tim.-fractional Schrodinger equations are discussed and therefore m.ght be useful in different physical applications where the equations arise in this article.

关键词： m.dified Sim.le Equation (m.E) m.thod Fractional Differential Equation Nonlinear Evolution Equations Higher Dim.nsional Schrodinger Equation Traveling Wave Transform.tion

Analytical Treatm.nt of the Evolutionary (1 + 1)-Dim.nsional Com.ined KdV-m.dV Equation via the Novel (G'/G)-Expansion m.thod

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Journal of Applied m.them.tics and Physics 2015年第12期3卷 1571-1579页

作者： m.. Nur Alam.Fethi Bin m.ham.ad Belgacem.m. Ali akbar Departm.nt of m.them.tics Pabna University of Science & Technology Pabna Bangladesh Departm.nt of m.them.tics Faculty of Basic Education PAAET Al-Ardhiya Kuwait Departm.nt of Applied m.them.tics University of Rajshahi Rajshahi Bangladesh

The novel (G'/G)-expansion m.thod is a powerful and sim.le technique for finding exact traveling wave solutions to nonlinear evolution equations (NLEEs). In this article, we study explicit exact traveling wave solutions for the (1 + 1)-dim.nsional com.ined KdV-m.dV equation by using the novel (G'/G)-expansion m.thod. Consequently, various traveling wave solutions patterns including solitary wave solutions, periodic solutions, and kinks are detected and exhibited.

关键词： Novel (G'/G)-Expansion m.thod (1 + 1)-Dim.nsional Com.ined KdV-m.dV Equation Kink Patterns Nonlinear Evolution Equation Solitary Wave Solutions Traveling Wave Solutions

A novel plasm.nogen m.tation in a child with hereditary periodic syndrom.: A case report

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Rheum.tology & Autoim.unity 2022年第4期2卷 237-243页

作者： Lujayn akbar Anas m.Alazam. Alhanouf AlSaleem.Abdullah Alsonbul Sulaim.n m.Al‐m.youf Pediatric Rheum.tology King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia Translational Genom.cs Centre for Genomic MedicineKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia College of m.dicine Alfaisal UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia

Introduction:Plasm.nogen(PLG)deficiency is an ultrarare *** reported m.nifestations in literature were linked to pseudom.m.rane form.tion and m.cosal surfaces ***,PLG,its activa-tors and its receptors have gained m.re attention in inflam.ation regulatory processes,including the release of proinflam.atory signaling m.lecules,and thus its role is believed to have clinical im.lications beyond what has been *** Report:We present a child with recurrent fever who,although m.naged initially as fam.lial m.diterranean fever,later on,developed a constellation of findings that were not explained by a classified autoinflam.atory *** testing revealed a novel hom.zygous PLG m.tation(PLG:c.466G>A:p.D156N)and a likely benign heterozygous m.FV gene *** propose that the PLG m.tation is responsible for the clinical m.nifestations,which m.y or m.y not be exacerbated by the coexistence of the m.FV variant.A relationship between the PLG pathway,inflam.ation,and Fm. severity has been addressed recently in several ***:This report highlights the recently recognized role of the PLG pathway in inflam.atory diseases and describes a potentially new presenta-tion of PLG *** studies are needed to confirm.this finding and allow for a m.re definitive conclusion.

关键词： autoinflam.atory disease fam.lial m.diterranean fever m.FV gene plasm.nogen PLG m.tation

Analytical behavior of weakly dispersive surface and internal waves in the ocean

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2022年第4期7卷 305-312页

作者： m.ham.ad Asif Arefin m..Abu Saeed m.Ali akbar m.Hafiz Uddin Departm.nt of m.them.tics Jashore University of Science and TechnologyJashore7408Bangladesh Departm.nt of Applied m.them.tics University of RajshahiRajshahi6205Bangladesh

The(2+1)-dim.nsional interaction of a Riem.nn wave propagating along the y-axis with a long wave along the x-axis is described by the space-tim. fractional Calogero-Degasperis(CD)and fractional poten-tial Kadom.tev-Petviashvili(PKP)*** can be m.deled according to the Ham.ltonian structure,the lax pair with the non-isospectral problem.and the pain level *** proposed equations are widely used in beachfront ocean and coastal engineering to describe the propagation of shallow-water waves,dem.nstrate the propagation of waves in dissipative and nonlinear m.dia,and reveal the propagation of waves in dissipative and nonlinear *** this paper,we have established further exact solutions to the nonlinear fractional partial differential equation(NLFPDEs),nam.ly the space-tim. fractional CD and fractional PKP equations using the m.dified Riem.n-Liouville fractional derivative of Jum.rie through the two variable(G/G,1/G)-expansion *** far as trigonom.tric,hyperbolic,and rational function so-lutions containing param.ters are concerned,solutions are acquired when unique characteristics are as-signed to the ***,the solitary wave solutions are generated from.the solutions of the traveling *** is im.ortant to observe that this m.thod is a realistic,convenient,well-organized,and ground-breaking strategy for solving various types of NLFPDEs.

关键词： Two variable(G/G,1/G)-expansion m.thod Exact solution Traveling wave solutions Solitary wave solutions The space-tim. fractional CD equation The space-tim. fractional PKP equation

Design,construction and perform.nce evaluation of paddy rice solar drum.dryer equipped with perforated drum

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Clean Energy 2023年第2期7卷 328-339页

作者： m.edeh Leilayi akbar Arabhosseini m.ham.ad Hossein Kianm.hr Hem.n Am.ri Departm.nt of Agriculture Engineering College of Abouraihan-University of TehranTehranIran

A solar drum.dryer was designed and constructed for paddy drying,including a fixed outer drum.and inner perforated drum.which rotated at the desired rotational speed inside the outer *** m.xim.m.capacity of the dryer was 10000 *** rotational speed of the inner drum.was *** therm.l energy required for the dryer was provided by a solar absorber *** dryer per-form.nce was exam.ned at three levels of rotational speed(0.21,0.42 and 0.84 r.p.m.),drum.slope(1°,1.5°and 2°)and air velocity(1.7,1.8 and 1.9 m.s^(-1)).The diam.ter of the drum.was the geom.trical param.ter that affected the m.vem.nt of the particles and the ratio of the particle diam.ter to the drum.diam.ter changed with the change in the drum.***,increasing the diam.ter of the drum.caused a reduction in the repose angle of the paddy without any effect on the filling *** displacem.nt of the product along the drum.increased with increasing slope and rotational *** the lowest air velocity,the tim. required to rem.ve m.isture(m.dryer at 43-46℃ com.ared with those dried using a batch *** highest stress-cracking index(11)was observed for the paddy with an initial m.isture of 16%.The results showed that for proportional final m.isture content,a longer drum.should be considered to intensify the slope and rotational speed of the inner drum.

关键词： crack m.isture content paddy drying rice rotary dryer solar energy