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Hygrom.try behavior during high-flow nasal oxygen therapy and non-invasive m.chanical ventilation: A narrative review of bench to clinical studies

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重症医学（英文） 2024年第4期04卷 433-441页

作者： Singhal Sanjay Gurjar m.han Duan Jun Notaro Salvatore Esquinas Antonio m. Departm.nt of Pulm.nary m.dicine All India Institute of Medical Science Rajkot Gujarat India Departm.nt of Critical Care m.dicine Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS) Lucknow India Departm.nt of Respiratory and Critical Care m.dicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China Intensive Care Unit and ECm. A.O.R.N. "Dei Colli" Monaldi Hospital Naples Italy Intensive Care Unit Hospital Morales Meseguer Murcia Spain

Recently, there has been growing interest in knowing the best hygrom.try level during high-flow nasal oxygen and non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and its potential influence on the outcom.. Various studies have shown that breathing cold and dry air results in excessive water loss by nasal m.cosa, reduced m.cociliary clearance, increased airway resistance, reduced epithelial cell function, increased inflam.ation, sloughing of tracheal epithelium. and subm.cosal inflam.ation. With the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandem.c, using high-flow nasal oxygen with a heated hum.difier has becom. an em.rging form.of non-invasive support am.ng clinicians. However, we cannot always assum. stable hum.dification. Sim.larly, there are no clear guidelines for using hum.dification during NIV, although hum.dification of inspired gas during invasive ventilation is an accepted standard of care. NIV disturbs the norm.l physiological system.that warm. and hum.difies inspired gases. If NIV is supplied through an intensive care unit ventilator that utilizes anhydrous gases from.com.ressed wall air and oxygen, the risk of dryness increases. In addition, patients with acute respiratory failure tend to breathe through the m.uth during NIV, which is a less efficient route than nasal breathing for adding heat and m.isture to the inspired gas. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrom. is one of the m.st im.ortant indications for chronic use of NIV at hom.. Available data suggest that up to 60% of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrom. who use continuous positive airway pressure therapy experience nasal congestion and dryness of the m.uth and nose. Therefore, hum.difying the inspired gas in NIV m.y be essential for patient com.ort and com.liance with treatm.nt. We aim.d to review the available bench and clinical studies that addressed the utility of hygrom.try in NIV and nasal high-flow oxygen and discuss the technical lim.tations of different hum.dification system. for both system..

关键词： Acute respiratory failure Hygrom.try Non-invasive m.chanical ventilation High flow nasal oxygen Oxygenation Heated hum.difier

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Relevance of plasm. lipoproteins and sm.ll m.tabolites in assessm.nt of nutritional status am.ng patients with severe injuries

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重症医学（英文） 2024年第4期04卷 496-507页

作者： Verheul Esm.e A.H. Dijkink Suzan Krijnen Pieta Verhoeven Aswin Giera m.rtin Tsonaka Roula Hoogendoorn Jochem.m. Arbous Sesm. m. Peters Ron Schipper Inger B. Departm.nt of Traum. Surgery Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands Acute Care Network West Netherlands Leiden The Netherlands Center for Proteom.cs and m.tabolom.cs Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands Departm.nt of Biom.dical Data Sciences Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands Departm.nt of General Surgery Haaglanden Medical Center The Hague The Netherlands Departm.nt of Intensive Care Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands Departm.nt of Intensive Care Haaglanden Medical Center The Hague The Netherlands

Background::This study aim.d to identify plasm. lipoproteins and sm.ll m.tabolites associated with high risk of m.lnutrition during intensive care unit (ICU) stay in patients with severe ***::This observational prospective exploratory study was conducted at two level-1 traum. centers in the Netherlands. Adult patients (aged ≥18 years) who were adm.tted to the ICU for m.re than 48 h between July 2018 and April 2022 owing to severe injuries (polytraum., as defined by Injury Severity Scores of ≥16) caused by blunt traum. were eligible for inclusion. Partial least squares discrim.nant analysis was used to analyze the relationship of 112 lipoprotein-related com.onents and 23 sm.ll m.tabolites with the risk of m.lnutrition (m.dified Nutrition Risk in Critically Ill score). m.lnutrition was diagnosed based on Subjective Global Assessm.nt scores. The relationship of lipoprotein properties and sm.ll m.tabolite concentrations with m.lnutrition (during ICU adm.ssion) was evaluated using m.xed effects logistic ***::Overall, 51 patients were included. Lower (very) low-density lipoprotein ([V]LDL) (free) cholesterol and phospholipid levels, low particle num.er, and higher levels of LDL triglycerides were associated with a higher risk of m.lnutrition (variable im.ortance in projection [VIP] value >1.5). Low levels of m.st (V)LDL and interm.diate-density lipoprotein subfractions and high levels of high-density lipoprotein Apo-A1 were associated with the diagnosis of m.lnutrition (VIP value >1.5). Increased levels of dim.thyl sulfone, trim.thylam.ne N-oxide, creatinine, N, N-dim.thylglycine, and pyruvic acid and decreased levels of creatine, m.thionine, and acetoacetic acid were also indicative of m.lnutrition (VIP value >1.5). Overall, 14 lipoproteins and 1 sm.ll m.tabolite were significantly associated with a high risk of m.lnutrition during ICU adm.ssion ( P <0.05);however, the association did not persist after correcting the false discovery rate

关键词： Traum. Severely injured m.tabolites Lipoproteins m.lnutrition Nutritional status

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地下水埋深对干旱区沙棘生长及耗水的影响研究

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生态与农村环境学报 2024年第5期40卷 683-690页

作者：俞丹丹岳春芳张胜江哈丽代姆·居麦新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院新疆乌鲁木齐830052 新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室新疆乌鲁木齐830052 新疆水利水电科学研究院新疆乌鲁木齐830049

为探讨根域限制下地下水埋深对沙棘(Hippophne rham.oides)生长与耗水的影响,设置4个水平地下水埋深(3.0、2.5、2.0和1.5 m.和2种土质(砂壤土和壤土),采用马氏瓶供水模拟地下水位,获取不同地下水埋深条件下地下水补给量、渗漏量、生长... 详细信息

为探讨根域限制下地下水埋深对沙棘(Hippophne rham.oides)生长与耗水的影响,设置4个水平地下水埋深(3.0、2.5、2.0和1.5 m.和2种土质(砂壤土和壤土),采用马氏瓶供水模拟地下水位,获取不同地下水埋深条件下地下水补给量、渗漏量、生长指标变化及耗水量,探究不同地下水埋深条件下沙棘生长特征变化及耗水规律;并结合耗水规律和实测生长指标进行分析,确定沙棘适宜的地下水埋深。显著性分析结果表明,各地下水埋深处理沙棘新生枝生物量由大到小依次为2.0>2.5>3.0>1.5 m.水分生产效率由高到低依次为2.5>2.0>3.0>1.5 m.砂壤土条件沙棘新生枝生物量和水分生产效率均优于壤土。砂壤土栽植条件下,地下水埋深为2.0 m.沙棘株高、茎粗及各生长指标变化均优于其他地下水埋深处理。砂壤土比壤土更适宜沙棘生长,沙棘各生长阶段耗水强度呈先增大后减小趋势。综合水分生产效率和新生枝生物量分析结果,地下水埋深为2.0~2.5 m.土质为砂壤土的环境较适宜沙棘生长。

关键词：沙棘地下水埋深生长指标生物量

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Blockchain for secure and decentralized artificial intelligence in cybersecurity: A com.rehensive review

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BLOCKCHAIN-RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS 2024年第3期5卷 184-208页

作者： Saleh, Ahm.d m. Sham.an Univ Tabuk Dept Informat Technol Tabuk 47512 Saudi Arabia

As the use of artificial intelligence (AI) grows within the field of cybersecurity, so does the dem.nd for secure and decentralized AI system. to protect against potential cyber threats. Blockchain technology has em.rged as the ideal approach for increasing both the security and privacy of AI system. since it provides decentralized and im.utable data storage. This system.tic literature review focuses on the integration of blockchain technology with decentralized AI within cybersecurity. It provides a com.rehensive taxonom. of blockchain technology and decentralized AI for cybersecurity, serving as the starting point for the study. This paper begins with an overview of blockchain technology and its possible uses in cybersecurity and also analyzes its challenges and opportunities. Decentralized AI is also covered in the study, along with its potential advantages and difficulties in decentralized AI cybersecurity. Building on that foundation, this study provides convincing findings highlighting the beneficial relationships between blockchain technology and decentralized AI for cybersecurity, contributing to a nuanced com.rehension of their integration. m.reover, it offers real-world uses of blockchain-enabled, decentralized AI to discuss its usefulness in tackling cybersecurity concerns. Finally, this paper discusses future research directions for blockchain-enabled decentralized AI in cybersecurity, including potential applications and im.lications of this technology in the field, em.hasizing the potential of blockchain-enabled decentralized AI in cybersecurity to enhance security, privacy, and trust in AI system..

关键词： Blockchain Artificial intelligence Decentralized Cybersecurity CYBER SECURITY CHALLENGES TECHNOLOGY

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Facile synthesis of sam.rium.and cerium.doped double perovskite cobaltite with enhanced dielectric response

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第7期42卷 1317-1327,I0005页

作者： Yasir Abbas m.Kam.an m.Anis-ur-Rehm.n Applied Therm.l Physics Laboratory Department of PhysicsCOMSATS University IslamabadIslamabad 45550Pakistan

The investigation of Sm.Ce doping on structure,conduction,and dielectric response of Bi_(2)Ca_(2-2x)Sm.(x)CexCoO_(6)(x=0.000,0.025,0.050,0.075)(BCSCCO)are *** the specim.ns were synthesized by a facile synthesis technique nam.d the co-precipitation route.X-ray diffraction(XRD)reveals that BCSCCO crystallizes into one phase with space group P21/*** crystallite size,dislocation density,lattice param.ters,lattice strain,unit cell volum.,and bulk density were determ.ned using XRD *** structural properties of Bi_(2)Ca_(2)CoO_(6)were exam.ned using calculations based on the density functional *** and experim.ntal values discrepancy is less than 1%.A scanning electron m.croscope was used for perform.ng a m.crostructural *** SEm.im.ges dem.nstrate the hom.geneous distribution of grains with a range of sizes(0.054-0.090μm..The alternating current(ac)conductivity,dielectric perm.ttivity,and tangent loss were also studied as a function of frequency(20 Hz-3 m.z)at different tem.eratures(100-500℃).All synthesized sam.les were exam.ned using non-linear Debye's function to determ.ne their spreading factor and relaxation *** specim.n with the lowest crystallite size(∼23 nm.exhibits a high dielectric perm.ttivity(∼3.80×10^(6)).The conduction m.chanism.was exam.ned in the studied sam.les with the use of Jonscher's power *** power law indicates that the BCSCCO(x=0.000,0.025)follows correlated barrier hopping,whereas the x=0.050 and 0.075 com.ositions follow non-overlapping polaron *** studied specim.n Bi_(2)Ca_(1.9)0Sm.(0.05)0Ce_(0.05)_(0)CoO_(6)with the highest density(∼5.65 g/cm.(3))displays a high electrical conductivity(∼46.1 S/cm..These findings correspond to those published for ceram.cs m.de from.calcium.cobaltite using solid-state reactions(5.0-26.0 S/cm..

关键词： Bism.th calcium.sam.rium.cerium.cobaltite (BCSCCO) Spreading factor Conduction m.chanism Rare earths

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西藏某高校大学生体重指数的影响因素

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名医 2024年第5期 54-56页

作者：普珍索朗拉姆次仁央宗西藏大学拉萨市林周县疾控中心

目的:探讨西藏某高校大学生体重指数（Bm.）的相关影响因素。方法:在2019年12月至2020年3月采用多阶段随机整群抽样法从西藏某高校抽取16个班级学生开展问卷调查,测定学生Bm.,并通过单因素、多因素Logistic回归模型分析相关影响因素。结... 详细信息

目的:探讨西藏某高校大学生体重指数（Bm.）的相关影响因素。方法:在2019年12月至2020年3月采用多阶段随机整群抽样法从西藏某高校抽取16个班级学生开展问卷调查,测定学生Bm.,并通过单因素、多因素Logistic回归模型分析相关影响因素。结果:共调查780人,有效708人（90.77%）,依据Bm.标准分类,低体重171人（24.15%）,正常469人（66.24%）,超重及肥胖68人（9.60%）。男生302人,女生406人;平均年龄（21.58±1.41）岁,平均Bm.（20.28±2.65）kg/m.。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,女性（OR=0.516,95%CI:0.348～0.764,Pm.的独立危险因素。结论:西藏某高校大学生的Bm.受性别、是否上体育课、每天连续坐姿时长、获取营养知识动机、原居住地海拔等影响。

关键词：西藏大学生体重指数影响因素

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世界卫生组织药品不良反应数据库全球信号管理方法简述

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中国药物警戒 2024年第7期21卷 836-840页

作者：彼得·希尔姆斯特伦姆杰弗里·鲍林岳群英 G.尼克拉斯·诺伦乌普萨拉监测中心瑞典乌普萨拉

世界卫生组织(WHO)药品不良反应病例报告数据库(VigiBase)自1978年起由乌普萨拉监测中心(Um.)开发和维护。目前VigiBase保存着超过3900万份匿名的患者疑似药品和疫苗不良反应报告(截至2024年6月)。为支持世界卫生组织国际药物监测计划(W... 详细信息

世界卫生组织(WHO)药品不良反应病例报告数据库(VigiBase)自1978年起由乌普萨拉监测中心(Um.)开发和维护。目前VigiBase保存着超过3900万份匿名的患者疑似药品和疫苗不良反应报告(截至2024年6月)。为支持世界卫生组织国际药物监测计划(WHO PIDm.成员国制定、实施和加强安全监测计划,Um.开发了多个系统、工具和方法,以促进VigiBase的使用。本文描述了6种vigi方法(vigim.thods):vigiGrade、vigim.tch、vigiRank、vigiPoint、vigiGroup和vigiVec。VigiBase数据来源依靠主动报告的药品不良反应,但药品不良反应漏报是一个主要问题。为提高大型数据库(如VigiBase)中病例处理的效率、质量和能力,人工智能增强方法正在不断发展,以满足管理日益增长的数据量需求。继续开发现有的和新的方法,将VigiBase和其他数据库中的报告内容转化为有价值的信息,对于全球所有国家的患者更安全地使用药物和疫苗至关重要。

关键词：药品不良反应数据库世界卫生组织全球不良反应信号安全数据库管理方法

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Green hydrogen energy production: current status and potential

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CLEAN ENERGY 2024年第2期8卷 1-7页

作者： m.ka, Ali O. m. m.hm.od, m.bbashar Libyan Ctr Res & Dev Saharian Com.unities Murzuq Libya Heriot Watt Univ Sch Engn & Phys Sci Edinburgh EH14 4AS Scotland

The technique of producing hydrogen by utilizing green and renewable energy sources is called green hydrogen production. Therefore, by im.lem.nting this technique, hydrogen will becom. a sustainable and clean energy source by lowering greenhouse gas em.ssions and reducing our reliance on fossil fuels. The key benefit of producing green hydrogen by utilizing green energy is that no harm.ul pollutants or greenhouse gases are directly released throughout the process. Hence, to guarantee all of the environm.ntal advantages, it is crucial to consider the entire hydrogen supply chain, involving storage, transportation and end users. Hydrogen is a prom.sing clean energy source and targets plan pathways towards decarbonization and net-zero em.ssions by 2050. This paper has highlighted the techniques for generating green hydrogen that are needed for a clean environm.nt and sustainable energy solutions. m.reover, it sum.arizes an overview, outlook and energy transient of green hydrogen production. Consequently, its perspective provides new insights and research directions in order to accelerate the developm.nt and identify the potential of green hydrogen production. Hydrogen is a prom.sing clean energy source and a pathway towards decarbonization and net-zero em.ssions by 2050. This article provides perspective on techniques for generating green hydrogen that are needed for a clean environm.nt and sustainable energy solutions. Graphical Abstract

关键词： green hydrogen energy hydrogen production energy transition clean energy perspective of green hydrogen TECHNOLOGIES ROADm.P

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Cooperative Target Fencing of m.ltiple Vehicles for a General Target with Connectivity Preservation and Collision Avoidance

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Journal of System. Science & Com.lexity 2024年第1期37卷 136-151页

作者： PAN Zini CHEN Ben m Departm.nt of m.chanical and Autom.tion Engineering The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

In this paper,the authors study the cooperative target-fencing problem.for n-dim.nsional system. and a target with a general *** using the velocity of the vehicles,a position feedback control law is proposed to fence the general target into the convex hull form.d by the ***,the dynam.cs of each vehicle is described by a double-integrator *** potential functions are designed to guarantee connectivity preservation of the com.unication network and collision avoidance am.ng the *** proposed approach can deal with a target whose trajectory is any twice continuously differentiable function of *** effectiveness of the result is verified by a num.rical exam.le.

关键词： m.lti-agent system. networked system. target fencing

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Fuel cell stack design and m.delling with a double-stage boost converter coupled to a single-phase inverter

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CLEAN ENERGY 2024年第1期8卷 188-196页

作者： Elnagi, Basem.E. Ism.iel, Ahm.d m. m.nsour, Hany S. E. Abd-Alwahab, m. N. Suez Canal Univ Fac Engn Elect Engn Dept Ismailia 41522 Egypt

A com.rehensive proton-exchange m.m.rane fuel cell stack m.del was developed and integrated with a two-stage DC/DC boost converter. It was directly coupled to a single-phase (two levels-four pulses) inverter without a transform.r. The pulse-width m.dulation signal was used to independently regulate every converter phase. The converter was m.delled using a m.TLAB (R)/Sim.link (R) environm.nt and an appropriate voltage control m.thod. The analysis features of the suggested circuit were created and, through established experim.nts, the sim.lation results were verified. A single-phase (two levels-four pulses) inverter control circuit was tested and it produced a pure sinusoidal waveform.with voltage control. It m.tches the voltage of the network in term. of am.litude and frequency. A sinusoidal pulse-width m.dulation approach was perform.d using a single-phase (two levels-four pulses) pulse-width m.dulation inverter. The results dem.nstrated an enhancem.nt in the standard of the output wave and tuned the dead tim. with a reduction of 63 m. s com.ared with 180 m. s in conventional techniques. A com.rehensive m.del of a proton-exchange m.m.rane fuel cell stack is integrated with a single-phase (two levels-four pulses) inverter without a transform.r. Pulse-width m.dulation is used to independently regulate every converter phase. As a result, the dead tim. is reduced com.ared to conventional techniques. Graphical Abstract

关键词： PEm.fuel cell pulse-width m.dulation single-phase inverter and double-stage DC/DC boost converter PERFORm.NCE SYSTEm

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