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Regulation ofβ2-adrenoceptors in brain glia:implications for neuroinflammatory and degenerative disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第11期15卷 2035-2036页

作者： Karen m.ryan Andrew Harkin Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience Trinity College Dublin Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Trinity College Institute of NeuroscienceTrinity College DublinDublinIreland

Noradrenaline:Within the central nervous system(CNS),the primary source of the catecholamine neurotransmitter noradrenaline is the locus coeruleus(LC)in the pontine tegmentum,with LC neurons projecting to almost all regions of the brain and spinal *** its release from LC neurons,noradrenaline has wide ranging *** example,noradrenaline is the endogenous agonist for G-coupledα-andβ-adrenoceptors that are expressed on many cell types,including neurons and glia,in both the peripheral nervous system and *** is via these receptors that noradrenaline exerts its anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic effects in the *** additionally has adrenoceptor-independent neuroprotective actions,and as such plays a role in free radical scavenging and reducing oxidative stress(Feinstein et al.,2016).

关键词： adrenoceptor protective endogenous

Dissecting genetic diversity and genomic background of Petunia cultivars with contrasting growth habits

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 634-648页

作者： Yufang Guo ryan m.Warner Department of Horticulture Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA

The cultivated petunia(Petunia×hybrida)is derived from the progenitor species *** and *** hybridization dates back only to the 1830s,though intensive breeding efforts have yielded cultivars exhibiting incredible diversity for many traits,including growth habit,flower color,and flower *** now,little is known about the genetic diversity and genomic background of modern *** we selected a panel of 13 cultivars with contrasting growth habits and three wild species(the progenitors and ***)to estimate the genomic contribution from the ancestral species and to study whether the variation of the genetic origin could be associated with different breeding programs or morphological *** sequencing identified 1,164,566 SNPs representing 98.4%(32,451)of the transcripts that cover 99.2%(of 52,697,361 bp)of the *** *** with an upright growth habit had more homozygous alleles and more ***-derived alleles than trailing cultivars,while mounded cultivars had intermediate *** previous studies,we found the proportions of alleles derived from each progenitor species varied across cultivars but overall were not biased toward one progenitor species,suggesting diverse selection during cultivar *** trailing cultivars,alleles potentially introgressed from other wild species(“out”alleles)were ***“out”alleles were clustered in particular regions of chromosomes,suggesting that these regions may be hotspots of *** in these regions were enriched with gene ontology terms associated with growth *** study provides novel insight into the contributions of progenitor species to the genomic background of modern petunia cultivars and identifies genome regions that may harbor genes conferring the trailing growth habit for further exploration.

关键词： cultivar breeding trail

Teichmller space of negatively curved metrics on complex hyperbolic manifolds is not contractible

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Science China mathematics 2017年第4期60卷 569-580页

作者： farrell F. Thomas SORCAR Gangotryi Yau mathematical Sciences Center and Department of mathematical Sciences Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Department of mathematics Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA

We prove that for all n = 4k- 2 and k 2 there exists a closed smooth complex hyperbolic manifold m with real dimension n having non-trivial π1(T<0(m)). T<0(m) denotes the Teichm¨uller space of all negatively curved ... 详细信息

We prove that for all n = 4k- 2 and k 2 there exists a closed smooth complex hyperbolic manifold m with real dimension n having non-trivial π1(Tm)). Tm) denotes the Teichm¨uller space of all negatively curved Riemannian metrics on m, which is the topological quotient of the space of all negatively curved metrics modulo the space of self-diffeomorphisms of m that are homotopic to the identity.

关键词： space of Riemannian metrics negative curvature complex hyperbolic space

High energy neutron and pion-decay gamma-ray emissions from solar flares

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Chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2009年第1期9卷 11-40页

作者： Edward L.Chupp James m.ryan Physics Department and Space Science Center in the Institute for the Study of Earth Oceans and Space University of New Hampshire

Solar flare gamma-ray emissions from energetic ions and electrons have been detected and measured to GeV energies since 1980. In addition, neutrons produced in solar flares with 100 meV to GeV energies have been observed at the Earth. These emissions are produced by the highest energy ions and electrons accelerated at the Sun and they provide our only direct （albeit secondary） knowledge about the properties of the accelerator（s） acting in a solar flare. The solar flares, which have direct evidence for pion-decay gamma-rays, are unique and are the focus of this paper. We review our current knowledge of the highest energy solar emissions, and how the characteristics of the acceleration process are deduced from the observations. Results from the RHESSI, INTEGRAL and CORONAS missions will also be covered. The review will also cover the solar flare capabilities of the new mission, FERmI GAmmA RAY SPACE TELESCOPE, launched on 2008 June II. Finally, we discuss the requirements for future missions to advance this vital area of solar flare physics.

关键词： Sun -- Flares -- Particle Acceleration-meson Production

Demonstration of tantalum as a structural material for mEmS thermal actuators

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microsystems & Nanoengineering 2021年第1期7卷 85-97页

作者： Longchang Ni ryan m.Pocratsky maarten P.de Boer CmU mechanical Engineering Dept. 5000 Forbes Ave.PittsburghPA 15213USA Present address:Fischione Instruments 9003 Corporate CirExportPA 15632USA

This work demonstrates the processing,modeling,and characterization of nanocrystalline refractory metal tantalum(Ta)as a new structural material for microelectromechanical system(mEmS)thermal actuators(TAs).Nanocrystalline Ta films have a coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE)and Young’s modulus comparable to bulk Ta but an approximately ten times greater yield *** mechanical properties and grain size remain stable after annealing at temperatures as high as 1000°*** has a high melting temperature(Tm=3017℃)and a low resistivity(ρ=20µΩcm).Compared to TAs made from the dominant mEmS material,polycrystalline silicon(polysilicon,Tm=1414℃,ρ=2000µΩcm),Ta TAs theoretically require less than half the power input for the same force and displacement,and their temperature change is half that of *** TAs operate at a voltage 16 times lower than that of other TAs,making them compatible with complementary metal oxide semiconductors(CmOS).We selectα-phase Ta and etch 2.5-μm-thick sputterdeposited films with a 1μm width while maintaining a vertical sidewall profile to ensure in-plane movement of TA *** is 25 times thicker than the thickest reactive-ion-etchedα-Ta reported in the technical *** stress sensitivities to sputter parameters and to hydrogen incorporation are investigated and ***,a V-shaped TA is fabricated and tested in *** conventional actuation by Joule heating and passive self-actuation are as predicted by models.

关键词： thermal structural thick

What Do Students Know about University Rankings?Testing Familiarity and Knowledge of Global and Domestic University League Tables in China

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Frontiers of Education in China 2019年第1期14卷 59-89页

作者： ryan m.ALLEN Attallah College of Educational Studies Chapman UniversityOrangeCA 92866USA

While academics and university administrators often criticize rankings,league tables have become important tools for student decision-making,especially in the Chinese ***,research has not fully explored how students in China have engaged with both global and local rankings,as most studies have focused on one setting or the ***,researchers have not tested students’knowledge of rankings,despite the intense focus on these actors by *** a survey of over 900 students from Chinese universities,the author explored how knowledge of rankings varies in different student *** multivariate analysis,it is found that students from elite institutions and those with educated parents were more attuned to university rankings in ***,when testing students’knowledge of rankings,elite university students performed better in knowing their domestic ranking,but worse when guessing their global ranking,while associations to parental education *** study,the first of its kind in terms of testing student knowledge,illustrates that the impact from university rankings are mitigated by local and individual characteristics.

关键词： China university rankings student perspective internationalization higher education metrics league tables

A fine-scale assessment of the ecosystem service-disservice dichotomy in the context of urban ecosystems affected by alien plant invasions

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Forest Ecosystems 2019年第4期6卷 323-338页

作者： Luke J.Potgieter mirijam Gaertner Patrick J.O’farrell David m.Richardson Centre for Invasion Biology Department of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch University

Background: Natural resources within and around urban landscapes are under increasing pressure from ongoing urbanisation, and management efforts aimed at ensuring the sustainable provision of ecosystem services(ES) are an important response. Given the limited resources available for assessing urban ES in many cities, practical approaches for integrating ES in decision-making process are ***: We apply remote sensing techniques(integrating LiDAR data with high-resolution multispectral imagery)and combined these with supplementary spatial data to develop a replicable approach for assessing the role of urban vegetation(including invasive alien plants) in providing ES and ecosystem disservices(EDS). We identify areas denoting potential management trade-offs based on the spatial distribution of ES and EDS using a local-scale case study in the city of Cape Town, South Africa. Situated within a global biodiversity hotspot, Cape Town must contend with widespread invasions of alien plants(especially trees and shrubs) along with complex socio-political challenges. This represents a useful system to examine the challenges in managing ES and EDS in the context of urban plant ***: Areas of high ES provision(for example carbon sequestration, shade and visual amenity) are characterized by the presence of large trees. However, many of these areas also result in numerous EDS due to invasions of alien trees and shrubs – particularly along rivers, in wetlands and along the urban edge where tall alien trees have established and spread into the natural vegetation(for example increased water consumption, increased fire risk and reduced soil quality). This suggests significant trade-offs regarding the management of species and the ES and EDS they ***: The approach applied here can be used to provide recommendations and to guide city planners and managers to fine-tune management interventions at local scales to maximise the provision of ES.

关键词： Biodiversity Biological invasions Ecosystem disservices Ecosystem services Remote sensing Trade-offs Tree invasions Urban plant invasions

millimetric devices for nerve stimulation:a promising path towards miniaturization

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1702-1706页

作者： ryan m.Dorrian Anna V.Leonard Antonio Lauto Spinal Cord Injury Research Group School of BiomedicineThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia School of Science Western Sydney UniversityPenrithNSWAustralia

Nerve stimulation is a rapidly developing field,demonstrating positive outcomes across several *** potential benefits,current nerve stimulation devices are large,complicated,and are powered via implanted pulse *** facto rs necessitate invasive surgical implantation and limit potential *** nerve stimulation devices to millimetric sizes would make these interventions less invasive and facilitate broader therapeutic ***,device miniaturization presents a serious engineering *** review presents significant advancements from several groups that have overcome this challenge and developed millimetricsized nerve stimulation *** are based on antennas,mini-coils,magneto-electric and optoelectronic materials,or receive ultrasound *** highlight key design elements,findings from pilot studies,and present several considerations for future applications of these devices.

关键词： biomedical engineering deep brain stimulation electrical engineering electrical stimulation neuromodulation peripheral nerve stimulation

Effectiveness of psychological intervention following sport injury

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2012年第2期1卷 71-79页

作者： Laura m.Schwab Reese ryan Pittsinger Jingzhen Yang Department of Community and Behavioral Health The University of IowaIowa CityIA 52242USA Department of Psychological and Quantitative Foundations The University of IowaIowa CityIA 52242USA

With increasing attention given to the development and implementation of psychological interventions during the sport injury rehabilitation process,there is a need to document the effectiveness of these *** purpose of this review was to summarize the empirical findings of the effects of psychological interventions in reducing post-injury psychological consequences and improving psychological coping during the injury rehabilitation process among competitive and recreational *** February 2012,utilizing a comprehensive search strategy,we conducted electronic searches of multiple electronic databases for randomized and nonrandomized control trials that evaluated interventions targeting populations of injured competitive and recreational athletes age 17 years and *** included interventions that directly intervene on injured athletes’ psychological outcomes(e.g.,psychological consequences,psychological coping and re-injury anxiety) and utilized psychological strategies including imagery,goal-setting,relaxation,and other common techniques during the post-injury rehabilitation *** studies,described in seven peer-reviewed published articles,met study inclusion criteria and were included in this *** those studies,two included randomized control trials,two used before and after study designs and two were case study *** interventions utilized guided imagery and relaxation,two interventions utilized goal-setting and one each utilized microcounseling,written disclosure,and acceptance and commitment *** imagery/relaxation was shown to be associated with improved psychological coping and reduced re-injury anxiety. Goal setting,however,was not directly associated with the reduction of negative psychological *** psychological techniques such as microcounseling skills,acceptance and commitment therapy,and written disclosure have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing negative psychological consequences,improving

关键词： Intervention Psychological consequence Psychological coping Sport injury