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Evolution of plasma parameters in an Ar-N2/He inductive plasma source with magnetic pole enhancement

Plasma Science and Technology 2017年第2期19卷 34-42页

作者： maria YOUNUS N U REHmAN m SHAFIQ m NAEEm m zaka-ul-islam m zakaulLAH Department of Physics Plasma Physics LaboratoryQuaid-i-Azam University45320 IslamabadPakistan Plasma Physics Laboratory Department of PhysicsCOMSATS Institute of Information Technology44000 IslamabadPakistan Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceJazan University114 JazanSaudi Arabia

magnetic pole enhanced inductively coupled plasmas （maPE-ICPs） are a promising source for plasma-based etching and have a wide range of material processing applications. In the present study Langmuir probe and optical emission spectroscopy were used to monitor the evolution of plasma parameters in a maPE-ICP Ar-Na/He mixture plasma. Electron density （ne） and temperature （Te）, excitation temperature （Texc）, plasma potential （Vp）, skin depth （6） and the evolution of the electron energy probability function （EEPF） are reported as a function of radiofrequency （RF） power, pressure and argon concentration in the mixture. It is observed that ne increases while Te decreases with increase in RF power and argon concentration in the mixture. The emission intensity of the argon line at 750.4 nm is also used to monitor the variation of the ‘high-energy tail＇ of the EEPF with RF power and gas pressure. The EEPF has a ‘bi-maxwellian＇ distribution at low RF powers and higher pressure in a pure N2 discharge. However, it evolves into a ‘maxwellian＇ distribution at RF powers greater than 70 W for pure N2, and at 50 W for higher argon concentrations in the mixture. The effect of argon concentration on the temperatures of two electron groups in the ‘bi-maxwellian＇ EEPF is examined. The temperature of the low-energy electron group TL shows a decreasing trend with argon addition until the ‘thermalization＇ of the two temperatures occurs, while the temperature of high-energy electrons Ta decreases continuously.

关键词： maPE-ICP Langmuir probe OES EEPF

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Investigation of 50 Hz Pulsed DC Nitrogen Plasma with Active Screen Cage by Trace Rare Gas Optical Emission Spectroscopy

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Plasma Science and Technology 2014年第4期16卷 324-328页

作者： A.SAEED A.W.KHAN m.SHAFIQ F.JAN m.ABRAR m.zaka-ul-islam m.zakaulLAH Department of Physics Gomal University Department of Physics Quaid-i-Azam University Department of Physics Hazara University Mansehra Plasmant Department of Chemistry Univesity of Antwerp campus DriEkin

Optical emission spectroscopy is used to investigate the nitrogen-hydrogen with trace rare gas （4% Ar） plasma generated by 50 Hz pulsed DC discharges. The filling pressure varies from 1 mbar to 5 mbar and the current density ranges from 1 mA-cm-2 to 4 ***-2. The hydrogen concentration in the mixture plasma varies from 0% to 80%, with the objective of identifying the optimum pressure, current density and hydrogen concentration for active species （[N] and IN2]） generation. It is observed that in an N2-H2 gas mixture, the concentration of N atom density decreases with filling pressure and increases with current density, with other parameters of the discharge kept unchanged. The maximum concentrations of active species were found for 40% H2 in the mixture at 3 mbar pressure and current density of 4 ***-2.

关键词： TRG-OES DC glow discharge reactive species

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m_(4)X_(3) mXenes:Application in Energy Storage Devices

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Nano-micro Letters 2024年第10期16卷 522-542页

作者： Iftikhar Hussain Waqas ul Arifeen Shahid Ali Khan Sikandar Aftab muhammad Sufyan Javed Sajjad Hussain muhammad Ahmad Xi Chen Jiyun Zhao PRosaiah Khaled Fahmi Fawy Adnan Younis Sumanta Sahoo Kaili Zhang Department of mechanical Engineering City University of Hong Kong83 Tat Chee AvenueKowloon TongHong KongPeople's Republic of China School of mechanical Engineering Yeungnam UniversityDaehak-roGyeongsan-siGyeongbuk-do 38541South Korea Department of Semiconductor Systems Engineering and Clean Energy Sejong UniversitySeoul 05006Republic of Korea School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000People's Republic of China Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced materials Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul 05006Republic of Korea Department of Physics Saveetha School of EngineeringSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences(SIMATS)ThandalamChennai 602105India Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityP.O.Box 900461413 AbhaSaudi Arabia Department of Physics College of ScienceUnited Arab Emirates UniversityP.O.Box 15551Al-AinUnited Arab Emirates School of Chemical Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsanGyeongbuk 38541South Korea

mXene has garnered widespread recognition in the scientific com-munity due to its remarkable properties,including excellent thermal stability,high conductivity,good hydrophilicity and dispersibility,easy processability,tunable surface properties,and admirable *** have been categorized into different families based on the number of m and X layers in m_(n+1)X_(n),such as m_(2)X,m_(3)X_(2),m_(4)X_(3),and,recently,m_(5)X_(4).Among these families,m_(2)X and m_(3)X_(2),par-ticularly Ti_(3)C_(2),have been greatly explored while limited studies have been given to m_(5)X_(4)mXene ***,studies on the m_(4)X_(3)mXene family have developed recently,hence,demanding a compilation of evaluated ***,this review provides a systematic overview of the latest advancements in m_(4)X_(3)mXenes,focusing on their properties and applications in energy storage *** objective of this review is to provide guidance to researchers on fostering m_(4)X_(3)mXene-based nanomaterials,not only for energy storage devices but also for broader applications.

关键词： mXene m_(4)X_(3)mXenes 2D materials Energy storage Properties

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Beyond Stitches: Analysis of Disease Burden in a Bangladeshi RmG Factory

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Health 2024年第7期16卷 688-702页

作者： mariam Zaman Tayeb Ahmmed Nabila Binte Hossain S. m. Raysul Haque Ariful islam Joarder Kamran ul Baset Department of Procurement SM Group Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Neurosurgery Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Public Health Independent University Bangladesh (IUB) Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Cardiology Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Dhaka Bangladesh

Introduction: Bangladesh has experienced remarkable growth in RmG over the past 25 years. With the knitwear industry providing more than 4 million direct jobs, providing better occupational health and safety of workers remains a challenge. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to analyze the disease burden of a RmG factory, and to highlight occupational health risks. methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed for this analysis. A 17-month data entry (January 2020 - may 2021) was gathered from the factory in-house clinic. The socio-demographic and clinical diagnosis entries of 8421 entries were analyzed. Result: The population of the factory workers is 5370, where 40% (2148) are female workers and 60% (3222) are male workers. The mean age of respondents is 30 years, with a SD of ±7 years. Among the chief complaints, the most common was vomiting (14%;2262) fever (14%;2247), runny nose (11%;1842), cough (9%;1465), and loose motion (8%;1364). In the diagnosis categories, gastrointestinal diseases were more predominantly diagnosed (35%;2978), followed by viral fever (21%;1772), neurological diseases (16.5%;1389) and musculoskeletal disorders (9%;768). The average cost of medicine for each respondent is BDT 36. The factory covered costs of all medication for 99% (8380) of respondents. Only 0.5% (37) was referred to a tertiary hospital for further evaluation. Conclusion: Garments workers suffer mostly from long-term occupational health hazards. Factory owners and policy makers can contribute in various ways to improving primary healthcare options for workers.

关键词： RmG Disease Burden Work Related Disease Communicable Disease Occupational Safety

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Comparative efficacy of sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus:A real-world experience

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第3期15卷 463-474页

作者： Lubna islam Dhanya Jose mohammed Alkhalifah Dania Blaibel Vishnu Chandrabalan Joseph m Pappachan Department of Endocrinology and metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Department of Community medicine Goa Medical CollegeGoa 403202India Department of Family medicine King Faisal Specialist HospitalRiyadh 11564Saudi Arabia Department of Data Science Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityAll Saints BuildingManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors(SGLT-2i)are a class of drugs with modest antidiabetic efficacy,weight loss effect,and cardiovascular benefits as proven by multiple randomised controlled trials(RCTs).However,real-world data on the comparative efficacy and safety of individual SGLT-2i medications is *** To study the comparative efficacy and safety of SGLT-2i using real-world clinical *** We evaluated the comparative efficacy data of 3 SGLT-2i drugs(dapagliflozin,canagliflozin,and empagliflozin)used for treating patients with type 2 diabetes *** on the reduction of glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c),body weight,blood pressure(BP),urine albumin creatinine ratio(ACR),and adverse effects were recorded *** Data from 467 patients with a median age of 64(14.8)years,294(62.96%)males and 375(80.5%)Caucasians were *** diabetes duration was 16.0(9.0)years,and the duration of SGLT-2i use was 3.6(2.1)***-2i molecules used were dapagliflozin 10 mg(n=227;48.6%),canagliflozin 300 mg(n=160;34.3%),and empagliflozin 25 mg(n=80;17.1).Baseline median(interquartile range)HbA1c in mmol/mol were:dapagliflozin-78.0(25.3),canagliflozin-80.0(25.5),and empagliflozin-75.0(23.5)*** respective median HbA1c reduction at 12 months and the latest review(just prior to the study)were:66.5(22.8)&69.0(24.0),67.0(16.3)&66.0(28.0),and 67.0(22.5)&66.5(25.8)respectively(Pmparisons from baseline).Significant improvements in body weight(in kilograms)from baseline to study end were noticed with dapagliflozin-101(29.5)to 92.2(25.6),and canagliflozin 100(28.3)to 95.3(27.5)*** reductions in median systolic and diastolic BP,from 144(21)mmHg to 139(23)mmHg;(P=0.015),and from 82(16)mmHg to 78(19)mmHg;(Pmicroalbuminuria was observed with canagliflozin only[ACR 14.6(42.6)at baseline to 8.9(23.7)at the study end;P=0.043].Adverse effects

关键词： Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors Empagliflozin Canagliflozin Dapagliflozin Type 2 diabetes mellitus Cardiovascular disease Albumin creatinine ratio Diabesity

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Reservoir quality of the Late Cretaceous Volador Formation of the Latrobe group,Gippsland Basin,Australia:Implications from integrated analytical techniques

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Energy Geoscience 2024年第1期5卷 121-140页

作者： Kamalia Norjannah Kamalrulzaman mohamed Ragab Shalaby md Aminul islam Department of Geosciences Faculty of ScienceUniversiti Brunei DarussalamBrunei Darussalam Geology Department Faculty of ScienceTanta UniversityTanta31527Egypt

Increasing demand for energy due to the populous Eastern Australia has driven oil and gas industries to find new sources of hydrocarbons as they are the primary energy *** study has been done on the Volador Formation in the Gippsland Basin by means of core-based petrophysical,sedimentological,and petrographic analyses as well as well log-based interpretation and capillary pressure *** wells from Kipper,Basker and Tuna fields with available dataset were investigated in this study:Kipper-1,Basker-1,Basker-2,Basker-5 and ***,the formation has good reservoir quality based on the high porosity and permeability values obtained through core and well log petrophysical *** formation made up of mostly moderate to coarse quartz grains that has experienced strong anti-compaction and is poorly *** and illite clays are seen dispersed in the rock formation,with the minority being mixed *** clays and diagenetic features including kaolinite cement and quartz overgrowth that can lead to porosity reduction only have insignificant impact on the overall reservoir *** addition,capillary pressure data shows that most samples are found in the transition to good reservoir zones(ults obtained from this study have shown that the Volador Formation in the Gippsland Basin is worth for hydrocarbon exploration.

关键词： Volador formation Reservoir rock characterization Core-based Petrographic Well log based Capillary pressure

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Seasonal influence of freshwater discharge on spatio-temporal variations in primary productivity, sea surface temperature, and euphotic zone depth in the northern Bay of Bengal

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2024年第6期43卷 1-14页

作者： Hafez Ahmad Felix Jose md.Simul Bhuyan md.Nazrul islam Padmanava Dash Geosystems Research Institute/Department of Geosciences Mississippi State UniversityStarkville 39759USA Department of Oceanography University of ChittagongChittagong 4331Bangladesh Department of marine&Earth Sciences Florida Gulf Coast UniversityFort Myers 33965USA Bangladesh Oceanographic Research Institute Cox’s Bazar 4730Bangladesh Faculty of marine Sciences&Fisheries Institute of Marine SciencesUniversity of ChittagongChittagong 4331Bangladesh Department of Geography and Environment Jahangirnagar UniversityDhaka 1342Bangladesh Department of Geosciences Mississippi State UniversityStarkville 39759USA

Ocean productivity is the foundation of marine food web,which continuously removes atmospheric carbon dioxide and supports life at sea and on ***-temporal variability of net primary productivity(NPP),sea surface temperature(SST),sea surface salinity(SSS),mixed layer depth(mLD),and euphotic zone depth(EZD) in the northern B ay of Bengal(BoB) during three monsoon seasons were examined in this study based on remote sensing data for the period 2005 to *** compare the NPP distribution between the coastal zones and open BoB,the study area was divided into five zones(Z1-Z5).Results suggest that most productive zones Z2 and Zl are located at the head bay area and are directly influenced by freshwater discharge together with riverine sediment and nutrient *** Z1-Z5,the NPP ranges from 5 315.38 mg/(m~2·d) to 346.7 mg/(m~2·d)(carbon,since then the same).The highest monthly average NPP of 5 315.38 mg/(m~2·d) in February and 5 039.36 mg/(m~2·d) in June were observed from Z2,while the lowest monthly average of 346.72 mg/(m~2·d) was observed in march from Z4,which is an oceanic *** values vary from 6-154 m for the study area,and it has an inverse correlation with NPP *** is deeper during the summer season and shallower during the wintertime,with a corresponding increase in *** the year,monthly SST shows slight fluctuation for the entire study area,and statistical analysis shows a significant correlation among NPP,and EZD,overall positive between NPP and mLD,whereas no significant correlation among SSS,and SST for the northern ***-term trends in SST and productivity were significantly po sitive in head bay zones but negatively productive in the open *** findings in this study on the distribution of NPP,SST,SSS,mLD,and EZD and their seasonal variability in five different zones of BoB can be used to further improve the management of marine resources and overall environmental condition in response to climate change

关键词： chlorophyll a sea surface temperature euphotic zone depth primary productivity Ganges-Brahmaputra ocean color Bay of Bengal monsoon

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Relationship between Seed Priming mediated Seedling Vigor and Yield Performance of Spring Wheat

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第6期93卷 1159-1177页

作者： md.Parvez Anwar masuma Akhter Sharmin Aktar Sinthia Afsana Kheya A.K.m.mominul islam Sabina Yeasmin Ahmed Khairul Hasan md.Harun Or Rashid Department of Agronomy Bangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensingh2202Bangladesh

Seed priming is a pre-germinated technique that can enhance seed germination percentage,faster and synchro-nized germination,better seedling growth,and yield under stress *** ascertain the most effective seed priming method that would ensure the potential yield of wheat in Bangladesh,two experiments were carried out from December 2021 to march 2022 at the Department of Agronomy,Bangladesh Agricultural *** wheat varieties namely BARI Gom-28 and BWmRI Gom-1 were subjected to a range of priming chemicals in both lab and pot *** compounds included the following:control(no priming),hydropriming(distilled water),10000 ppm KNO_(3),15000 ppm KNO_(3),40000 ppm mannitol,60000 ppm mannitol,10000 ppm NaCl,20000 ppm NaCl,100 ppm PEG,150 ppm PEG,500 ppm NaOCl,1000 ppm NaOCl,10000 ppm CaCl_(2),20000 ppm CaCl_(2),10000 ppm KCl and 20000 ppm KCl.A complete randomized design(CRD)with three repli-cations was used to set up the *** results showed that BARI Gom-28 and BWmRI Gom-1 responded best to KCl priming in terms of rapid seed germination and strong seedling *** the other hand,the best priming agents for plant growth and productivity turned out to be CaCl_(2) and *** results of this study support the possibility of using seed priming as a technique to improve wheat plant development and output by raising seed emergence and survival rates.

关键词： Priming seedling percentage germination growth yield wheat

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Seismic anisotropy and upper mantle dynamics in Alaska:A review of shear wave splitting analyses

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Earthquake Research Advances 2024年第2期4卷 72-81页

作者： Zhaofeng Jin Yuchen Yang muhammad Ishaidir Siregar Zihao mu S.m.Ariful islam Qichao Zhao Dan Wang Fan Zhang Xugang Yang Liwei Song School of Earth Sciences Northeast Petroleum UniversityDaqing163318China Department of Geoscience University of IndonesiaDepok16424Indonesia School of Computer and Information Technology Northeast Petroleum UniversityDaqing163318China Center for Earthquake Research and Information University of MemphisMemphis38152USA College of Environment and Civil Engineering Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu610059China School of Petroleum Engineering China University of PetroleumQingdao266555China School of Physics and Electronic Engineering Northeast Petroleum UniversityDaqing163318China

Shear wave splitting(SWS)is regarded as the most effective geophysical method to delineate mantle flow fields by detecting seismic azimuthal anisotropy in the earth's upper mantle,especially in tectonically active regions such as subduction *** Aleutian-Alaska subduction zone has a convergence rate of approximately 50 mm/yr,with a trench length reaching nearly 2800 *** a long subduction zone has led to intensive continental deformation and numerous strong earthquakes in southern and central Alaska,while northern Alaska is relatively *** sharp contrast makes Alaska a favorable locale to investigate the impact of subduction on mantle ***,the uniqueness of this subduction zone,including the unusual subducting type,varying slab geometry,and atypical magmatic activity and composition,has intrigued the curiosity of many *** identify different sources of seismic anisotropy beneath the Alaska region and probe the influence of a geometrically varying subducting slab on mantle dynamics,extensive SWS analyses have been conducted in the past ***,the insufficient station and azimuthal coverage,especially in early studies,not only led to some conflicting results but also strongly limited the in-depth investigation of layered anisotropy and the estimation of anisotropy *** the completion of the Transportable Array project in Alaska,recent studies have revealed more detailed mantle structures and characteristics based on the dense station coverage and newly collected massive seismic *** this study,we review significant regional-and continental-scale SWS studies in the Alaska region and conclude the mantle flow fields therein,to understand how a geometrically varying subducting slab alters the regional mantle *** summarized mantle flow mechanisms are believed to be conducive to the understanding of seismic anisotropy patterns in other subduction zones with a complicated tectonic setting.

关键词： Seismic anisotropy Shear wave splitting mantle flow Alaska subduction zone Slab

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Biochar-compost-based controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer intended for an active microbial community

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第2期11卷 326-343页

作者： Robiul islam RUBEL Lin WEI Salman ALANAZI Abdulkarim ALDEKHAIL Anne CmCIDREIRA Xufei YANG Sanjita WASTI Samarthya BHAGIA Xianhui ZHAO Department of Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering South Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSD 57007USA Tickle College of Engineering University of Tennessee KnoxvilleKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN 37830USA

Nitrogen(N) fertilizers in agriculture suffer losses by volatilization of N to the air, surface runoff and leaching into the soil, resulting in low N use efficiency(NUE)( 50%) and raising severe environmental pollutions. Controlledrelease nitrogen fertilizers(CRNFs) can control the release of N nutrients to NUE in crop production. Different methods were used to develop new ***, different CRNF technologies are still underdeveloped due to inadequate controlling on N releasing time and/or unsustainable diffusion. The study on the influences of CRNF processing parameters on microbial conditions are lacking when the CRNFs composed of various bio-ingredients such as biochar, composts, and biowaste. The complexity of processing methods, material biodegradability, and other physical properties make current CRNFs of questionable value in agricultural production. This research aims to develop a novel biochar-compost-based controlled-release urea fertilizer(BCRUF) to preserve microbial properties carried by the compost. The BCRUF was synthesized by pelletizing the 50:50(dry, wt/wt) mixture of biochar and compost. BCRUF was loaded with urea and then spray-coated with polylactic acid(PLA). The releasing time of two types of BCRUFs, coated and uncoated with PLA, for 80% of N release in water was up to 6 h at three different temperatures(4, 23, and 40 °C), compared to conventional urea fertilizer and commercial environmentally smart N(ESN) fertilizer. The releasing time of coated BCRUF for 80% N release in soil was up to 192 h(8 days). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) analysis revealed that no new functional groups were found in the release solution, indicating no new chemical hazards generated. The differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)tests also verified that its thermal stability could be up to 160 °C. The microbe populations in the BCRUF pellets were reduced after the pelleting and drying processes in BCRUF fabrication, but a few bacteria can endure in t

关键词： Soil microbial community biochar compost controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer polylactic acid spray coating

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