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Black TiO2: What are exact functions of disorder layer

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Carbon Energy 2020年第1期2卷 44-53页

作者： Sungsoon Kim Yoonjun Cho ryan Rhee Jong Hyeok Park Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Yonsei UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea

Among the substantial amount of photocatalyst materials,TiO2 has been enthusiastically studied for a few decades due to its outstanding photocatalytic activity and ***,black TiO2 consisting of approximately 2 nm of thin disorder layer around the surface showed surprisingly high solar hydrogen generation *** disorder layer of TiO2 can enhance its light absorption,charge separation,and surface reaction abilities,however exact fundamentals of photocatalytic water-splitting pathways are still ***,recent progress and investigations on exact functions of disorder layer and its application in photocatalytic CO2 reduction will be *** the comprehensive studies on disorder layer of TiO2,disorder engineering on photocatalyst materials will suggest the further extension of developing solarfuel production technologies.

关键词： black TiO2 disorder layer photocatalysis

A state-of-the-art integrative approach to studying neck biomechanics in vivo

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2020年第7期63卷 1235-1246页

作者： ZHOU Yu CHOWDHURY Suman REDDY Curran WAN Bocheng BYRNE ryan YIN Wei ZHANG Xudong Department of Industrial&Systems Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Department of mechanical Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Department of Industrial Manufacturing&Systems EngineeringTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTX 79409.USA Department of mechanical Engineering&materials Science University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15261USA

Neck injuries are significant causes of morbidity and mortality, and their chronic forms due to repetitive or sustained physical acts(e.g., prolonged use of mobile phone with a dropped head) are becoming increasingly more prevalent. many injuries are preventable but the prevention and control requires a clear basic understanding of the neck biomechanics. In this paper, we describe a first-of-its-kind study that integrates a gamut of state-of-the-art imaging modalities(dynamic radiography, computed tomography(CT), and magnetic resonance imaging(mRI)) and biodynamic measurements(motion capture, electromyography(EmG), force sensing), thereby investigating holistically the in vivo responses of the neck and its various interconnected musculoskeletal components during functional activities. We present a sample of findings to illustrate how the integrations at multiple levels can enable creating truly subject-specific neck musculoskeletal models and attaining novel insights that otherwise would be unattainable by a singular or subset of approaches.

关键词： neck injury neck biomechanics in vivo integration

Phylogenetically Distinct Cellulose Synthase Genes Support Secondary Wall Thickening in Arabidopsis Shoot Trichomes and Cotton Fiber

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2010年第2期52卷 205-220页

作者： Lissete Betancur Bir Singh ryan A.Rapp Jonathan F.Wendel m. David marks Alison W.Roberts Candace H.Haigler Department of Plant Biology North Carolina State University Department of Crop Science North Carolina State University EEOB Department Iowa State University Department of Plant Biology University of Minnesota Department of Biological Sciences CBLSUniversity of Rhode Island

Through exploring potential analogies between cotton seed trichomes （or cotton fiber） and arabidopsis shoot trichomes we discovered that CesAs from either the primary or secondary wall phylogenetic clades can support secondary wall thickening. CesA genes that typically support primary wall synthesis, AtCesA 1,2,3,5, and 6, underpin expansion and secondary wall thickening of arabidopsis shoot trichomes. In contrast, apparent orthologs of CesA genes that support secondary wall synthesis in arabidopsis xylem, AtCesA4,7, and 8, are up-regulated for cotton fiber secondary wall deposition. These conclusions arose from：（a） analyzing the expression of CesA genes in arabidopsis shoot trichomes; （b） observing birefringent secondary walls in arabidopsis shoot trichomes with mutations in AtCesA4, 7, or 8; （c） assaying up-regulated genes during different stages of cotton fiber development; and （d） comparing genes that were *** with primary or secondary wall CesAs in arabidopsis with genes up- regulated in arabidopsis trichomes, arabidopsis secondary xylem, or cotton fiber during primary or secondary wall deposition. Cumulatively, the data show that：（a） the xylem of arabidopsis provides the best model for secondary wall cellulose synthesis in cotton fiber; and （b） CesA genes within a ＂cell wall toolbox＂ are used in diverse ways for the construction of particular specialized cell walls.

关键词： Phylogenetically Distinct Cellulose Synthase Genes Support Secondary Wall Thickening in Arabidopsis Shoot Trichomes and Cotton Fiber GUS

Dual-shell silicate and alumina coating for long lasting and high capacity lithium ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第5期31卷 314-323页

作者： marcos Lucero Tucker m.Holstun Yudong Yao ryan Faase maoyu Wang Alpha T.N’Diaye David P.Cann Joe Baio Junjing Deng Zhenxing Feng School of Chemical Biologicaland Environmental EngineeringOregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331United States Advanced Photon Source Argonne National LaboratoryArgonneIllinois 60439United States Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCalifornia 94720United States materials Science School of MechanicalIndustrialand Manufacturing EngineeringOregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331United States

Here we demonstrate a theory-driven, novel dual-shell coating system of Li_(2)SrSiO_(4) and Al_(2)O_(3), achieved via a facile and scalable sol-gel technique on LiCoO_(2) electrode particles. The optimal thickness of each coating can lead to increased specific capacity(~185 m Ah/g at 0.5 C-rate) at a cut-off potential of 4.5 V, and greater cycling stability at very high C rates(up to 10 C) in half-cells with lithium metal. The mechanism of this superior performance was investigated using a combination of X-ray and electron characterization methods. It shows that the results of this investigation can inform future studies to identify still better dual-shell coating schemes, achieved by such industrially feasible techniques, for application on similar, nickel-rich cathode materials.

关键词： Lithium cobalt oxide Surface coating Sol-gel Silicate Alumina X-ray absorption spectroscopy

Imidazolium-based ionic liquids as additives to preserve the Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein fluorescent activity

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Green Chemical Engineering 2021年第4期2卷 412-422页

作者： Nathalia V.Veríssimo Carolina F.Saponi Timothy m.ryan Tamar L.Greaves Jorge F.B.Pereira Department of Engineering of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSao Paulo State University(UNESP)Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú/Km 0114800-903AraraquaraSPBrazil School of Science College of ScienceEngineering and HealthRMIT University124 La Trobe StreetMelbourneVIC 3000Australia School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sao Paulo University(USP)Av.Prof.Lineu Prestesno.580B1605508-000Cidade de UniversitariaSao PauloSPBrazil Australian Synchrotron 800 Blackburn RoadClaytonVIC 3168Australia Univ Coimbra CIEPQPFDepartment of Chemical EngineeringRua Sílvio LimaPolo II–Pinhal de Marrocos3030-790 CoimbraPortugal

Fluorescent Proteins(FP)can be applied as biomarkers and biosensors in the industrial and medical fields,but their large-scale use,especially for new industrial applications,is limited due to their low ***,the discovery of additives capable of preserving the activity of FP at room temperature and under stress conditions can help to expand and facilitate their commercial *** this goal,we evaluated the application of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride-based([C_(n)mim]Cl)ionic liquids(ILs)as additives to preserve the activity of Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein(EGFP)at different storage times and under unfavorable ***[C_(n)mim]Cl solutions(at 0.100 mol L^(-1))were able to preserve EGFP fluorescence for longer than the phosphatesaline buffer(PBS)and NaCl solutions,increasing its fluorescence manifestation from 1 to 3 months.[C_(n)mim]Cl with shorter to medium cationic alkyl chains were the most effective in preserving EGFP fluorescence.[C_(n)mim]Cl also protected EGFP activity in the presence of the surfactant SDS,the acid guanidine hydrochloride,and H_(2)O_(2).Therefore,[C_(n)mim]Cl can be added to aqueous solutions to preserve EGFP fluorescence activity at room temperature for longer storage times and to reduce the negative impact of denaturing agents on ***,there is a massive potential for the application of ILs as additives to preserve FP in the long-term without refrigeration and under unfavorable conditions,and this is fundamental to enable expansion of FP in industrial and commercial applications.

关键词： Green Fluorescent Protein Protein stability Fluorescence Ionic liquids Preservatives

A flattened enantiornithine in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber:morphology and preservation

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Science Bulletin 2018年第4期63卷 235-243页

作者： Lida Xing Jingmai K.O'Connor ryan C.mcKellar Luis m.Chiappe ming Bai Kuowei Tseng Jie Zhang Haidong Yang Jun Fang Gang Li State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China School of the Earth Sciences and Resources China University of GensciencesBeijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyBeijing 100044China Royal Saskatchewan museum ReginaSaskatchewan SLIP 4W7Canada Biology Department University of ReginaReginaSaskatchewan S4S OA2Canada Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of KansasLawrence 66045USA Dinosaur Institute Natural History Museum of Los Angeles CountyLos Angeles 90007USA Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Department of Exercise and Health Science University of TaipeiTaipei 11153China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Cretaceous amber from myanmar(～99 ma Burmese amber) has become a valuable supplement to the traditional skeletal record of small theropod dinosaurs preserved in sedimentary rocks, particularly for coelurosaurs and enantiornithines. The specimens recovered from this deposit preserve skeletal material and soft tissues in unmatched detail. This provides opportunities to study three-dimensional preservation of soft tissues, microstructure, and pigmentation patterns that are seldom available elsewhere in the fossil record. Ultimately, this line of research provides insights into life stages that are difficult to preserve, the ecology and appearance of the groups involved, and the evolutionarydevelopment of structures such as feathers. Here we describe the most recent discovery from Burmese amber, an articulated skeleton of an enantiornithine bird. This individual has been sectioned along the coronal plane, providing a unique view inside multiple body regions. Osteological observations and plumage patterns support placement within the Enantiornithes, and suggest that the animal may have been a juvenile at the time of death. The specimen has a complex taphonomic history that includes exposure at the surface of a resin flow prior to encapsulation, and may include scavenging by some of the insects trapped within the same amber piece. The chemical composition observed along surface exposures and shallowly buried regions of the body indicate that the specimen has not undergone significant exchange with its surroundings. High iron concentrations are present in regions that preserve soft tissues as carbon films, and calcium distribution corresponds to regions where bones breach the surface of the amber.

关键词： EnantiornithesJuvenileOsteologySoft tissue preservation

Dominance network structure across reproductive contexts in the cooperatively breeding cichlid fish Neolamprologus pulcher

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Current Zoology 2015年第1期61卷 45-54页

作者： Cody J. DEY Q.Y. Joanne TAN Constance m. O'CONNOR Adam R. REDDON J. ryan CALDWELL Sigal BALSHINE Department of Biology McMaster University Hamilton Ontario ON L8S 4K1 Canada Department of Psychology Neuroscience and Behaviour McMaster University Hamilton Ontario L8S 4L8 Canada

While a large number of studies have described animal social networks, we have a poor understanding of how these networks vary with ecological and social conditions. For example, reproductive periods are an important life-history stage that may involve changes in dominance relationships among individuals, yet no study to date has compared social networks of do- minance interactions （i.e. dominance networks） across reproductive contexts. We first analyzed a long-term dataset on captive so- cial groups of the cooperatively breeding cichlid Neolamprologuspulcher, and found that eviction events were significantly more common around reproduction than expected by chance. Next, we compared the structure of dominance networks during early pa- rental care and non-reproductive periods, using one of the first applications of exponential random graph models in behavioral biology. Contrary to our predictions, we found that dominance networks showed few changes between early parental care and non-reproductive periods. We found no evidence that dominance interactions became more skewed towards larger individuals, became more frequent between similar-sized individuals, or became more biased towards a particular sex during parental care. However, we did find that there were relatively more dominance interactions between opposite-sex dyads in the early parental care period, which may be a by-product of increased sexual interactions during this time. This is the first study in behavioral ecology to compare social networks using exponential random graph modeling, and demonstrates a powerful analytical framework for future studies in the field [Current Zoology 61 （1）： 45-54, 2015].

关键词： Social network Aggression Submissive Hierarchy Parental care P* model

Investigating oil solubilization into nonionic micelles by Raman multivariate curve resolution

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Aggregate 2023年第6期4卷 146-152页

作者： Ciera m.Wentworth ryan L.myers Paul S.Cremer Lauren D.Zarzar Department of Chemistry The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA Department of Biochemistry and molecular Biology The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA Department of materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA materials Research Institute The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA

Hydrophobic hydration,whereby water spontaneously structures around hydrophobic and amphiphilic molecules,plays a key role in the process of surfactant micelle formation and micellar oil *** vibrational Raman multivariate curve resolution spectroscopy,we characterized changes in the hydrophobic hydration occurring within nonionic alkylphenol ethoxylate surfactant Tergitol NP-12 micelles as a function of oil *** report trends in the changes of hydrophobic hydration depending on the chain length of the oil as well as the presence of a halogen atom in the oil chemical *** in hydrophobic hydration directly correlate to changes in the physical properties of the micellar solution,including cloud point and micelle hydrodynamic *** compare hydrophobic hydration of Tergitol NP-12 to nonionic linear alkyl ethoxylate surfactant makon TD-12 and ionic sodium dodecyl sulfate and observe similar trends;the molecular structure of the oil has the largest impact on the hydrophobic *** believe these studies contribute to a fundamental understanding of the importance of hydrophobic hydration in surfactant and oil aggregates,especially as it relates to micellar oil solubilization,and provide insight into how the molecular solubilizate can impact micellar structure,size,and stability.

关键词： hydrophobic hydration micelle Raman multivariate curve resolution solubilization

Clinical classification of symptomatic heterotopic pancreas of the stomach and duodenum:A case series and systematic literature review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第14期28卷 1455-1478页

作者： michael T Le Compte Brandon mason Keenan J Robbins motoyo Yano Deyali Chatterjee ryan C Fields Steven m Strasberg William G Hawkins Department of Surgical Oncology University of North CarolinaRaleighNC 27608United States Department of Radiology Stillwater Medical CenterStillwaterOK 74074United States Department of General Surgery Washington University St.LouisSt.LouisMO 63110-8109United States Department of Radiology Mayo ClinicPhoenixAZ 8505United States Department of Pathology and Immunology MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX 77030United States Department of Surgical Oncology Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMO 63110-8109United States Section of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic and GI Surgery Washington University St.LouisSt.LouisMO 63110United States

BACKGROUND Heterotopic pancreas(HP)is an aberrant anatomic malformation that occurs most commonly in the upper gastrointestinal *** the majority of heterotopic pancreatic lesions are asymptomatic,many manifest severe clinical symptoms which require surgical or endoscopic *** of the clinical manifestations and symptoms of HP is limited due to the lack of large volume studies in the *** purpose of this study is to review symptomatic cases at a single center and compare these to a systematic review of the literature in order to characterize common clinical manifestations and treatment of this *** To classify the common clinical manifestations of heterotopic *** A retrospective review was conducted of pathologic samples containing heterotopic pancreas from *** was limited to HP of the upper gastrointestinal tract due to the frequency of presentation in this *** patients were identified from review of the medical records and clinical symptoms were *** were compared to a systematic review of the literature utilizing Pub med and Embase searches for papers pertaining to heterotopic *** describing symptomatic presentation of HP were selected for *** including demographics,symptoms,presentation and treatment were compiled and *** Twenty-nine patient were identified with HP at a single center,with six of these identified has having clinical *** manifestations included,gastrointestinal bleeding,gastric ulceration with/without perforation,pancreatitis,and gastric outlet *** review of the literature yielded 232 publications detailing symptomatic cases with only 20 studies describing ten or more *** and multi-patient studies were combined to form a cohort of 934 symptomatic *** majority of patients presented with abdominal pain(67%)combined with one of the following clinical catego

关键词： Heterotopic pancreas Ectopic pancreas Aberrant pancreas Pancreatic rest Groove pancreatitis