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Diagnostic Study of an Fe-Ni Alloy Plasma Generated by the Fundamental (1064 nm) and Second (532 nm) Harmonics of an Nd: YAG Laser

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Plasma Science and Technology 2013年第5期15卷 397-402页

作者： m.HANIF m.SALIK m. A. baig mCS National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST) School of Science Beijing Jiaotong University National Center for Physics Quaid-i-Azam University Campus

We studied the spatial evolution of the Fe-Ni plasma generated by the fundamental （1064 nm） and second （532 nm） harmonics of a Q-switched Nd： YAG laser. The experimentally observed line profiles of the neutral iron （Fe I） have been used to extract the plasma temperature （T e ） using the Boltzmann plot method, whereas the electron number density （N e ） has been deter- mined from the Stark broadening. In addition, we studied the spatial behavior of T e and N e with the variation of laser energy for iron plasma by placing the target material （iron-nickel alloy） in air at atmospheric pressure for both modes of the Nd： YAG laser.

关键词： iron plasma laser ablation electron temperature electron number density

Development of thermochromic strips as a water pasteurization indicator

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2003年第6期15卷 863-864页

作者： Ishtiaq A. Qazi m. Ali Awan m. Anwar baig Pakistan Council of Renewable Energy Technologies(PCRET) Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering(IESE) National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST)Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering(IESE) National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST) Islamabad PakistanRawalpindi PakistanRawalpindi Pakistan

Boiling of water, for purification, commonly practiced in the world, has many problems associated with it like danger of scalding, scaling in the vessels, removal of useful minerals and blandness of taste etc. Water can be made safe for drinking simply by heating at 65℃ for 6 minutes. A colour indicating strip was developed which changes colour from red to purple at 67℃. Use of this strip can help in pasteurizing water without the above problems and with considerable energy saving.

关键词： thermochromic strips pasteurization indicator Pakistan

Laboratory scale studies on removal of chromium from industrial wastes

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2003年第3期15卷 417-422页

作者： m.A.baig mohsin mir Shazad murtaza Zafar I. Bhatti Institute of Environmental Science & Engineering National University of Science & EngineeringInstitute of Environmental Science & Engineering National University of Science & EngineeringInstitute of Environmental Science & Engineering National University of Science & EngineeringInstitute of Environmental Science & Engineering National University of Science & Engineering Rawalpindi PakistanRawalpindi PakistanRawalpindi PakistanRawalpindi Pakistan

Chromium being one of the major toxic pollutants is discharged from electroplating and chrome tanning processes and is also found in the effluents of dyes, paint pigments, manufacturing units etc. Chromium exists in aqueous systems in both trivalent (Cr 3+) and hexavalent (Cr 6+) forms. The hexavalent form is carcinogenic and toxic to aquatic life, whereas Cr 3+ is however comparatively less toxic. This study was undertaken to investigate the total chromium removal from industrial effluents by chemical means in order to achieve the Pakistan NEQS level of 1 mg/L by the methods of reduction and precipitation. The study was conducted in four phases. In phase Ⅰ, the optimum pH and cost effective reducing agent among the four popular commercial chemicals was selected. As a result, pH of 2 was found to be most suitable and sodium meta bisulfate was found to be the most cost effective reducing agent respectively. Phase Ⅱ showed that lower dose of sodium meta bisulfate was sufficient to obtain 100 % efficiency in reducing Cr 6+ to Cr 3+, and it was noted that reaction time had no significance in the whole process. A design curve for reduction process was established which can act as a tool for treatment of industrial effluents. Phase Ⅲ studies indicated the best pH was 8.5 for precipitation of Cr 3+ to chromium hydroxide by using lime. An efficiency of 100 % was achievable and a settling time of 30 minutes produced clear effluent. Finally in Phase Ⅳ actual waste samples from chrome tanning and electroplating industries, when precipitated at pH of 12 gave 100 % efficiency at a settling time of 30 minutes and confirmed that chemical means of reduction and precipitation is a feasible and viable solution for treating chromium wastes from industries.

关键词： tannery waste effluents reduction precipitation efficiency chromium

Structural and mechanical properties of Al–C–N films deposited at room temperature by plasma focus device

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Chinese Physics B 2016年第7期25卷 299-304页

作者： Z A Umar R Ahmad R S Rawat m a baig J Siddiqui T Hussain National Centre for Physics Quaid-i-Azam University Campus Department of Physics GC University NSSE National Institute of Education Nanyang Technological University Centre for Advanced Studies in Physics GC University

The Al–C–N films are deposited on Si substrates by using a dense plasma focus（DPF） device with aluminum fitted central electrode（anode） and by operating the device with CH_4/N_2 gas admixture ratio of 1：1. XRD results verify the crystalline Al N（111） and Al_3CON（110） phase formation of the films deposited using multiple shots. The elemental compositions as well as chemical states of the deposited Al–C–N films are studied using XPS analysis, which affirm Al–N, C–C, and C–N bonding. The FESEm analysis reveals that the deposited films are composed of nanoparticles and nanoparticle agglomerates. The size of the agglomerates increases at a higher number of focus deposition shots for multiple shot depositions. Nanoindentation results reveal the variation in mechanical properties（nanohardness and elastic modulus）of Al–C–N films deposited with multiple shots. The highest values of nanohardness and elastic modulus are found to be about 11 and 185 GPa, respectively, for the film deposited with 30 focus deposition shots. The mechanical properties of the films deposited using multiple shots are related to the Al content and C–N bonding.

关键词： dense plasma focus XPS field emission scanning electron microscope elastic modulus

Linear and nonlinear optical analysis on semiorganic-proline cadmium chloride single crystal

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Chinese Physics B 2018年第4期27卷 476-482页

作者： mohd Anis m I baig S S Hussaini m D Shirsat mohd Shkir H A Ghramh Department of Physics Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University Amravati-444602 Maharashtra India Ram meghe College of Engineering and management Amravati-444701 Maharashtra India Crystal Growth Laboratory Department of Physics Milliya Arts Science and Management Science College Beed431122 Maharashtra India RUSA Center for Advanced Sensor Technology Department of Physics Dr. Babasaheb-Ambedkar-Marathwada University A urangabad-431005 Maharashtra India Research Center for Advanced materials Science (RCAmS) King Khalid University P. O. Box 9004 Abha-61413 Saudi Arabia Advanced Functional materials & Optoelectronic Laboratory (AFmOL) Department of Physics College of Science King Khalid University P. O. Box 9004 Ahha-61413 Saudi Arabia

In the current investigation,L-proline cadmium chloride monohydrate（LPCC） single crystal is grown by a slow solvent evaporation technique to identify its credibility for nonlinear optical device *** constituent elements of LPCC crystal are determined by the energy dispersive spectroscopic（EDS） *** single crystal x-ray diffraction technique is used to determine the structural dimensions of LPCC *** UV-visible studies are carried out within a wavelength range of 200 nm–1100 nm to determine the optical transmittance of LPCC *** linear optical parameters of LPCC crystal are evaluated using the transmittance data to discuss its importance for distinct optical *** Nd：YAG laser assisted Kurtz–Perry test is carried out to determine the enhancement in second harmonic generation efficiency of LPCC crystal with reference to KDP *** Z-scan technique is employed to assess the third order nonlinear optical（TONLO） properties of LPCC crystal at 632.8 *** Z-scan data are utilized to evaluate the TONLO refraction,absorption and susceptibility of LPCC *** color oriented luminescence behavior of LPCC crystal is investigated within a spectral range of 350 nm–700 *** dependence of dielectric constant and dielectric loss on temperature and frequency is evaluated through the dielectric measurement studies.

关键词： crystal growth dielectric studies nonlinear optical materials optical studies

不锈钢等离子体性能的激光诱导击穿光谱法研究

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冶金分析 2009年第7期29卷 7-13页

作者： SHAIKH Nek m KALHORO m S baig m A Quaid-i-Azam大学物理系原子及分子物理实验室巴基斯坦伊斯兰堡45320 信德大学物理学院巴基斯坦贾姆肖罗

研究了由Nd:YAG激光的一级及二级谐波(SHG)产生的不锈钢等离子体参数的测量方法。根据已知的谱线进行光谱分析,利用Boltzmann法估算出了激发温度,而等离子体的电子密度是从谱线的Stark展宽剖面估算出来的。在常压下研究了等离子体的空... 详细信息

研究了由Nd:YAG激光的一级及二级谐波(SHG)产生的不锈钢等离子体参数的测量方法。根据已知的谱线进行光谱分析,利用Boltzmann法估算出了激发温度,而等离子体的电子密度是从谱线的Stark展宽剖面估算出来的。在常压下研究了等离子体的空间及时间演化过程,结果发现谱线的积分光强及积分宽度随着时间的延迟而降低。除了逆韧致辐射吸收的估算,同时研究了激光辐照度和波长对等离子体参数的影响。

关键词：激光等离子体跃迁几率 Stark展宽法钢 Boltzmann法

Quantitative analysis of saindha salt using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and cross-validation with ICP-mS

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Plasma Science and Technology 2020年第7期22卷 51-58页

作者： m QASIm m ANWAR-UL-HAQ m SHER AFGAN S U HAQ m a baig Department of Physics University of SargodhaSargodha 40100Pakistan Department of Energy&Power Engineering Tsinghua-BP Clean Energy CenterTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084People’s Republic of China National Institute of Lasers and Optronics(NILOP) NiloreIslamabad 45650Pakistan National Center for Physics Quaid-i-Azam University CampusIslamabad 45320Pakistan

Saindha salt is considered to be more advantageous than the other edible salts for the patients suffering from diabetes,blood pressure and kidney *** explore the constituent elements of this salt,laser induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS) has been exploited for its qualitative and quantitative *** third harmonic(355 nm) of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser has been used to produce the saindha salt plasma and the time integrated optical emission spectra were registered using a set of six miniature spectrometers covering the spectral range of 230-805 *** spectroscopic analysis of the emission spectra predominately revealed numerous neutral or singly ionized emission lines of Ca,mg,Na,K,Fe,Sr,Si,Li and *** laser produced plasma was characterized by calculating the electron temperature from the Boltzmann plots and the electron number density from the Stark broadened line profile as a function of laser irradiance and distance from the target *** relative concentration of the constituent elements was extracted by the integrated line intensities of the strongest spectral line of each element using the self-calibration-LIBS(SC-LIBS) and one-line calibration free-LIBS(OLCF-LIBS) *** cross-validation,the LIBS results have been compared with that obtained from the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy(ICP-mS) showing good agreement.

关键词： elemental analysis CF-LIBS plasma parameters

PHOTON GAS, A NEW mATHEmATICAL APPROACH

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曲阜师范大学学报(自然科学版) 1998年第3期 41-47页

作者：Ｍ．Ｙ．ＮａｓｉｒＭ．Ｓ．ＢａｉｇＱｕａｉｄ-ｉ-Ａｚａｍ大学数学系

Ｂｏｓｅ＿Ｅｉｎｓｔｅｉｎ统计用于给出光子气体的状态方程和热量，Ｍａｘｗｅｌ＿Ｂｏｌｔｚｍａｎｎ统计也用于相似方面．该文给出两者的不同和它们的应用范围．

关键词： Bose-Einstein统计maxwel_Boltzmann统计状态方程Stefan_Boltzmann定律

Diagnostic Study of Nickel Plasma Produced by Fundamental (1064 nm) and Second Harmonics (532 nm) of an Nd: YAG Laser

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Journal of modern Physics 2012年第10期3卷 1663-1669页

作者： m. Hanif m. Salik m. A. baig mCS National University of Sciences & Technology Rawalpindi Pakistan National Center for Physics Quaid-i-Azam University Campus Islamabad Pakistan

In the present work, we have studied the spatial evolution of the nickel alloy plasma produced by the fundamental (1064 nm) and second (532 nm) harmonics of a Q-switched Nd: YAG laser by placing the target material in air at atmospheric pressure. The four Ni I lines at 335.10 nm, 394.61 nm, 481.19 nm and 515.57 nm are used for the determination of electron temperature (Te) using Boltzmann plot method. The electron temperature is calculated as a function of distance from the target surface for both modes of Nd: YAG laser. In case of fundamental (1064 nm) mode of laser, the temperature varies from 13700 - 10270 K as the distance is varied from 0 to 2 mm. Whereas, in the case of second (532 nm) mode of laser it varies from 13270 - 9660 K for the same distance variation. The electron temperature has also been determined by varying the energy of the laser from 90 to 116 mJ, for the fundamental (1064 nm) harmonic and from 58 to 79 mJ for the second (532 nm) harmonics of the laser. The temperature increases from 14192 to 15765 K in the first case and from 13170 to 14800 K for the second case. We have also studied the spatial behavior of the electron number density in the plasma plume. The electron number density (Ne) in the case of fundamental (1064 nm) harmonic of the laser having pulse energy 125 mJ varies from 2.81 × 1016 to 9.81 × 1015 cm-3 at distances of 0 mm to 2.0 mm, whereas, in the case of second (532 nm) harmonic, with pulse energy 75 mJ it varies from 3.67 × 1016 to 1.48 × 1016 cm-3 for the same distance variation by taking Ni I line at 227.20 nm in both the cases.

关键词： Laser Plasma Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) Electron Temperature and Electron Number Density