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A seed and soil model of loneliness in Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2575-2576页

作者： Hannah l.Apostolou Ian m.mcDonough Department of Psychology The University of AlabamaTuscaloosaALUSA Department of Psychology Binghamton UniversityBinghamtonNYUSA

loneliness is classically defined as a result of perceiving a discrepancy between the desired quantity and quality of one's social life and actual social relationships(Perlman and Peplau,1984).lifespan research has indicated older adults are among the highest risk for experiencing loneliness because their social network size decreases more frequently than that of younger adults.

关键词： Alzheimer younger soil

Spark Plasma Sintering of mg-based Alloys:microstructure,mechanical Properties,Corrosion Behavior,and Tribological Performance

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Journal of magnesium and Alloys 2024年第2期12卷 405-442页

作者： Alessandro m.Ralls mohammadreza Daroonparvar Pradeep l.menezes Department of mechanical Engineering University of Nevada RenoRenoNV89557United States

Within the past ten years,spark plasma sintering(SPS)has become an increasingly popular process for mg *** the SPS process,interparticle diffusion of compressed particles is rapidly achieved due to the concept of Joule *** to traditional and additive manufacturing(Am)techniques,SPS gives unique control of the structural and microstructural features of mg *** doing so,their mechanical,tribological,and corrosion properties can be *** great advancements in this field have been made,these pieces of knowledge are scattered and have not been contextualized into a single *** motivation of this work is to address this scientific gap and to provide a groundwork for understanding the basics of SPS manufacturing for *** do so,the existing body of SPS mg literature was first surveyed,with a focus on their structural formation and degradation *** was found that successful mg SPS fabrication highly depended on the processing temperature,particle size,and particle *** addition of metal and ceramic composites also affected their microstructural features due to the Zener pinning *** degradative environments,their performance depends on their structural features and whether they have secondary phased *** industrial applications,SPS'd mg was found to have great potential in biomedical,hydrogen storage,battery,automotive,and recycling *** prospects to advance the field include using mg as a doping agent for crystallite size refinement and using bulk metallic mg-based glass powders for amorphous SPS *** these findings,the interactions of multi-composites on the processing-structure-property relationships of SPS mg is not well *** total,this work will provide a useful direction in the SPS field and serve as a milestone for future mg-based SPS manufacturing.

关键词： Spark plasma sintering magnesium alloys Nanocrystalline Tribology mechanical properties Corrosion

Immunogenetic biomarkers in inflammatory bowel diseases:Role of the IBD3 region

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第41期20卷 15037-15048页

作者： manuel muro Ruth lópez-hernández Anna mrowiec Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd) Immunology ServiceUniversity Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca

many studies have demonstrated the linkage between the IBD3 region (6p21.1-23), an area which encompasses the famous human leukocyte antigen (HlA) complex, and Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). IBD3 is the only region that meets genome-wide significance, and provides stronger evidence of the linkage than 16p13.1-16q12.2 (IBD1), the locus that contains the susceptibility gene CARD15. However, despite these findings, IBD3 susceptibility genes remain elusive and unclear due to the strong linkage disequilibrium, extensive polymorphism, and high gene density that characterize this area and also due to varying allele frequencies in populations around the world. This area presents an extremely high abundance of genes, including the classical and non-classical major histocompatibility complex (mHC) class I and II genes, and other genes, namely mHC class III genes tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and -β, and Hsp, whose proteins play key functions in immunological processes. To date, it is not clear which genes within the mHC family contribute to the IBD pathogenesis, although certain HlA alleles have been associated with IBD. Recent insights into the biological function of other genes encoded within the IBD3 region, such as the mHC class I chain-related (mIC) genes, have led investigators to a more comprehensive exploration of this region. mHC class I chain-related molecule A (mICA) is highly polymorphic and interacts with NKG2D, its receptor on the surface of NK, Tγδ and T CD8+ cells. Increased expression of mICA in intestinal epithelial cells and increased expression of NKG2D in CD4+ T cells (lamina propria) in patients with CD have also been reported. mICA alleles have also been associated with IBD, and a variation at amino acid position 129 of the α2-heavy chain domain seems to categorize mICA alleles into strong and weak binders of NKG2D rece

关键词： IBD3 Tumor necrosis factor mICA HlA Inflammatory bowel disease

Role of climatic variability in shaping intraspecific variation of thermal tolerance in mediterranean water beetles

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Insect Science 2024年第1期31卷 285-298页

作者： Susana Pallarés David Garoffolo Belén Rodríguez David Sánchez-Fernández Department of Zoology University of SevilleSevilleSpain Faculty of Biology Department of Ecology and HydrologyUniversity of MurciaCampus EspinardoMurciaSpain

The climatic variability hypothesis(CVH)predicts that organisms in more thermally variable environments have wider thermal breadths and higher thermal plasticity than those from more stable ***,due to evolutionary trade-offs,taxa with greater absolute thermal limits may have little plasticity of such limits(trade-off hypothesis).The CVH assumes that climatic variability is the ultimate driver of thermal tolerance variation across latitudinal and altitudinal gradients,but average temperature also varies along such *** explored intraspecific variation of thermal tolerance in three typical mediterranean saline water beetles(families Hydrophilidae and Dytiscidae).For each species,we compared two populations where the species coexist,with similar annual mean temperature but contrasting thermal variability(continental *** population).We estimated thermal limits of adults from each population,previously acclimated at 17,20,or 25℃.We found species-specific patterns but overall,our results agree with the CVH regarding thermal ranges,which were wider in the continental(more variable)*** the two hydrophilid species,this came at the cost of losing plasticity of the upper thermal limit in this population,supporting the trade-off hypothesis,but not in the dytiscid *** results support the role of local adaptation to thermal variability and trade-offs between basal tolerance and physiological plasticity in shaping thermal tolerance in aquatic ectotherms,but also suggest that intraspecific variation of thermal tolerance does not fit a general pattern among aquatic *** such intraspecific variation could lead to inaccurate predictions of the vulnerability of aquatic insects to global warming.

关键词： acclimation capacity aquatic insects climate change heat coma temperature supercooling point thermal plasticity

Increased CO2 levels during the First Half of Incubation at High Altitude modifies Embryonic Development of Fertile leghorn Breeder Eggs

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 524-547页

作者： marco A. Juárez-Estrada Erik I. lópez-Ruiz Sonia lópez-Cordova Guillermo Tellez-Isaias Omar F. Prado-Rebolledo Departamento de medicina y Zootecnia de Aves Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico Ciudad de Mxico Mxico Department of Poultry Science Division of Agriculture University of Arkansas Fayetteville USA Facultad de medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad de Colima Tecomn Mxico

The exchange of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) within an incubator has a significant impact on embryonic development (ED) and hatching processes. This study examines the influence of non-ventilation (NV) conditions during the first ten days of incubation at high altitudes on leghorn hens hatching eggs. Five hundred four hatching eggs were equally divided into three treatment groups and placed in twelve incubators (R = 4). The first group was subjected to standard ventilated conditions (V) during the setting phase. The ventilation inlet holes of the remaining incubators in the NV treatments were closed with either micropore (m) or polypropylene (P) tape, referred to as NVm and NVP groups, respectively. These two different airtight settings were intended to allow for a gradual rise in CO2 naturally generated by the embryos. Results indicate that carbon dioxide concentration gradually increased during the first half of incubation, reaching 1.42% in the NVm group and 1.20% in the NVP group, while the V condition group remained at 0.15%. From 10 days of incubation onwards, normal V conditions were restored in all incubators. The highest hatchability of fertile eggs (HFE) was shown by the NVP group (55.7%), followed by the V (52.6%) and NVm (38.6%) groups. The NVP group showed a greater yolk-free body mass (YFBm) from 10 days of incubation until the hatch basket transfer. NV conditions during the first 10 days of incubation at high altitude produced higher YFBm with gradually decreasing yolk sac mass. In comparison to the NVm and V conditions, the particular NVP condition showed a beneficial impact on the quality of hatched chicks. Sustaining NVP condition (1.2% of CO2) throughout the first half of incubation at high altitude generated the optimal environment in the incubator ensuring the best hatchability results. This study highlights how important it is for hatchery managers to recognize the influence of low O2 and high levels of CO2 on the development trajectori

关键词： Non-Ventilation Hypercapnia Hypoxia Egg mass loss Hatchability Embryonic mortality Hatchling Chick Quality

mental health in the virtual world:Challenges and opportunities in the metaverse era

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第17期12卷 2939-2945页

作者： Yolanda lópez del Hoyo matilde Elices Javier Garcia-Campayo Department of Psychology and Sociology University of ZaragozaZaragoza 50009Spain mental Health Research Group Hospital del Mar Medical Research InstituteBarcelona 08003Spain Department of Psychiatry Miguel Servet HospitalAragon Institute for Health ResearchUniversity of ZaragozaZaragoza 50009Spain

Current rates of mental illness are *** illness mainly affects females and younger age *** use of the internet to deliver mental health care has been growing since 2020 and includes the implementation of novel mental health treatments using virtual reality,augmented reality,and artificial intelligence.A new three dimensional digital environment,known as the metaverse,has emerged as the next version of the *** intelligence,augmented reality,and virtual reality will create fully immersive,experiential,and interactive online environments in the *** will use a unique avatar to do anything they do in their“real”lives,including seeking and receiving mental health *** this opinion review,we reflect on how the metaverse could reshape how we deliver mental health treatment,its opportunities,and its challenges.

关键词： metaverse Virtual world Artificial intelligence mental health Virtual reality Augmented reality Technology

Hydrogeochemical and isotopic assessment of the origin of NO_(3)^(−)and N-NH_(3)contents in the aquifer located in a closed lacustrine volcano-sedimentary basin in the metropolitan area of mexico City

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第4期43卷 719-736页

作者： Jose Ivan morales-Arredondo maria Aurora Armienta hernandez Joel Edmundo Ortega-Gutierrez Elisa Cuellar Ramirez Natural Resources Department Institute of GeophysicsNational Autonomous University of MexicoCiudad Universitaria No.3000Col.Copilco UniversidadCoyoacán Delegation04360 MexicoCDMXMexico Instituto Politecnico Nacional ***án 55La Laguna Ticoman07340 MexicoCDMXMexico Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Ciudad Universitaria Col.San ManuelPueblaPueMexico

To explain the presence and spatial distribution of NO_(3)^(−)and N-NH_(3)in the Aquifer of the metropolitan Area of mexico City(AmAmC),a hydrogeochemical and isotopic analysis using^(13)C DIC(as well as the stable isotopes^(18)O and^(2)H)in groundwater was *** aquifer is located in an old closed lacustrine volcano-sedimentary basin;some wells hosted in the semi-confined zone contain high N-NH_(3)concentrations,while others present NO_(3)^(−)contents in the recharge zones(hosted in an oxidizing environment).In this study,a change in the isotopic signature(primarily in^(18)O and^(2)H)was observed from the recharge zones to the basin center in some of the wells with high NO_(3)^(−)concentrations,this behavior can be attributed to evaporation during the incorporation of recently infiltrated *** addition,the results for^(13)C(along with ^(2) H)in wells with the highest N-NH_(3)concentrations exhibited an atypically broad range of *** indicated the occurrence of hydrogeochemical and/or biochemical processes in the aquifer(in an oxidizing or reducing environment),such as organic degradation,bacterial decomposition(primarily in the ancient lake Texcoco and which acts as a natural sink for carbon,nitrogen,sulfur,and phosphorus),besides rock weathering and dissolution,which may be responsible for a very marked isotopic modification of the^(13)C(and,to a lesser extent,2 H).methanotrophic bacterial activity and methanogenic activity may be related to N-NH_(3)removal processes by oxidation and residual water incorporation respectively,whereas the increase in the NO_(3)^(−)content in some wells is due to the recent contribution of poor-quality water due to contamination.

关键词： 18 O and^(13)C isotopes Iron Hydrogeochemical processes Nitrate Nitrogen species

Brillouin expanded time-domain analysis based on dual optical frequency combs

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light(Science & Applications) 2024年第8期13卷 1534-1544页

作者： Jae Hyeong Youn Kwang Yong Song Sonia martin-lopez miguel Gonzalez-Herraez maría R.Fernández-Ruiz Dept.of Physics Chung-Ang UniversitySeoulKorea Dept.of Electronics Universidad de AlcaláMadridSpain

Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Analysis(BOTDA)is a widely-used distributed optical fiber sensing technology employing pulse-modulated pump waves for local information retrieval of the Brillouin gain or loss *** spatial resolution of BOTDA systems is intrinsically linked to pulse duration,so high-resolution measurements demand high electronic bandwidths inversely proportional to the *** paper introduces Brillouin Expanded Time-Domain Analysis(BETDA)as a modified BOTDA system,simultaneously achieving high spatial resolution and low detection *** two optical frequency combs(OFCs)with different frequency intervals as pump and probe,local Brillouin gain spectra are recorded by their spectral beating traces in an expanded time domain.A 2-cm-long hotspot located in a 230m single-mode fiber is successfully measured in the time domain with a detection bandwidth of less than 100 kHz using dual OFCs with tailored spectral phase,line spacing,and bandwidth.

关键词： pump optical fiber

Efficiency and effectiveness of systems for the treatment of domestic wastewater based on subsurface flow constructed wetlands in Jarabacoa, Dominican Republic

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Water Science and Engineering 2024年第2期17卷 118-128页

作者： Yvelisse Pérez Enmanuel Vargas Daniel Garcia-Cortes William hernandez Humberto Checo Ulises Jauregui-Haza Area de Ciencias Basicas y Ambientales Instituto Tecnologico de Santo Domingo(INTEC)Avenida de Los Proceres 49Los Jardines del NorteSanto Domingo 10602Dominican Republic ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Calle Cayetano Germosen esq.Ave.LuperonEl PedregalSanto Domingo 11107Dominican Republic Plan Yaque Calle Estela Geraldino 14 AltosJarabacoa 41000Dominican Republic Institute of Technologies and Applied Sciences University of HavanaHavana 10400Cuba

Constructed wetlands(CwW)are well known nature-based systems for water *** study evaluated the efficiency and effectiveness of seven domestic wastewater treatment systems based on horizontal flow CWs in Jarabacoa,the Dominican *** results showed that the CWs were efficient in reducing the degree of contamination of wastewater to levels below the Dominican wastewater discharge standards for parameters such as the 5-day biochemical oxygen demand(BOD5)and chemical oxygen demand,but not for the removal of phosphorus and fecal *** addition,a horizontal flow subsurface wetland in the peri-urban area El Dorado was evaluated in terms of the performance of wastewater treatment in tropical climatic *** concentrations of heavy metals,such as zinc,copper,chromium,and iron,were found to decrease in the effluent of the wetland,and the concentrations for nickel and manganese tended to *** levels of heavy metals in the effluent were lower than the limit values of the Dominican wastewater discharge *** construction cost of these facilities was around 200 USD per population equivalent,similar to the cost in other countries in the same *** study suggested some solutions to the improved performance of CWs:selection of a microbial flora that guarantees the reduction of nitrates and nitrites to molecular nitrogen,use of endemic plants that bioaccumulate heavy metals,combination of constructed wetlands with filtration on activated carbon,and inclusion of water purification processes that allow to evaluate the reuse of treated water.

关键词： Domestic wastewater Constructed wetland BOD COD Pathogens Heavy metals