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Predictors for perioperative blood transfusion in elderly patients with extra capsular hip fractures treated with cephalo-medullary nailing

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2018年第1期21卷 16-19页

作者： m, all fazal Caroline Bagley Parag Garg Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust The Ridgeway Enfield EN2 8JL United Kingdom

The aim of our study was to determine predictive factors and requirement for perioperative blood transfusion in elderly patients with extra capsular hip fractures treated with cephalo-medullary device. methods： Seventy-nine patients with extra capsular hip fractures treated with cephalo-medullary nailing were included in the study. Age, sex, ASA grade, timing of surgery, preoperative and postoperative haemoglobin, length of hospital stay, fracture type, number of units transfused and 30-day mortality were recorded. Results： The mean age was 82.3 years. Forty-seven patients underwent a short nail and 32 patients a long nail; 53.4% patients required blood transfusion postoperatively. Transfusion was required in 71,8% of the long nails （p 〈 0.05）, 65.8% patients above the age of 80 （p 〈 0.05）, 100% of the patients with hemoglobin below 90 g/L and 20 patients with a ASA grade of 3 （p 〈 0.05）. 78.5% patients with A2 fracture and 75% of A3 fractures needed blood transfusion （p 〉 0.05）. Length of hospital stay in non-transfusion group was 13 days and in transfusion group was 19 days （p 〈 0.05）. 55.1% operated within 36 h and 47,B% operated after 3B h of admission needed transfusion （p 〉 0.05）. Thirty-day mortality in patients needing blood transfusion was 5% and in non-transfusion group was 3.7% （p 〉 0.05）, Conclusion： Patient age, ASA grade, preoperative haemoglobin and length of nail are reliable predictors for perioperative blood transfusion in extra capsular hip fractures in elderly patients treated with cephalo-medullary nailing and reinforce a selective transfusion policy.

关键词： Hip fractures Fracture fixation Cephalo-medullary nailing Blood transfusion

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modeling and Comprehensive Review of Signaling Storms in 3GPP-Based mobile Broadband Networks:Causes,Solutions,and Countermeasures

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Computer modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 123-153页

作者： muhammad Qasim Khan fazal malik Fahad Alturise Noor Rahman Department of Computer Science Iqra National UniversityPeshawar25000Pakistan Department of Cybersecurity College of ComputerQassim UniversityBuraydah52555Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Al-Fayha CollegeAl Jubayl31961Saudi Arabia

Control signaling is mandatory for the operation and management of all types of communication networks,including the Third Generation Partnership Project(3GPP)mobile broadband ***,they consume important and scarce network resources such as bandwidth and processing *** have been several reports of these control signaling turning into signaling storms halting network operations and causing the respective Telecom companies big financial *** paper draws its motivation from such real network disaster incidents attributed to signaling *** this paper,we present a thorough survey of the causes,of the signaling storm problems in 3GPP-based mobile broadband networks and discuss in detail their possible solutions and *** provide relevant analytical models to help quantify the effect of the potential causes and benefits of their corresponding *** important contribution of this paper is the comparison of the possible causes and solutions/countermeasures,concerning their effect on several important network aspects such as architecture,additional signaling,fidelity,etc.,in the form of a *** paper presents an update and an extension of our earlier conference *** our knowledge,no similar survey study exists on the subject.

关键词： Signaling storm problems control signaling load analytical modeling 3GPP networks smart devices diameter signaling mobile broadband data access data traffic mobility management signaling network architecture 5G mobile communication

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Physical aspects of magnetized Jeffrey nanomaterial flow with irreversibility analysis

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Chinese Physics B 2022年第8期31卷 485-493页

作者： fazal Haq muhammad Ijaz Khan Sami Ullah Khan Khadijah m Abualnaja m A El-Shorbagy Department of mathematics Karakoram International University Main CampusGilgit 15100Pakistan Department of mathematics and Statistics Riphah International University I-14Islamabad 44000Pakistan Department of mechanics and Engineering Science Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of mathematics COMSATS University IslamabadSahiwal 57000Pakistan Department of mathematics and Statistics College of ScienceTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif 21944Saudi Arabia Department of mathematics College of Science and Humanities in Al-KharjPrince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-Kharj 11942Saudi Arabia Department of Basic Engineering Science Faculty of EngineeringMenoufia UniversityShebin El-Kom 32511Egypt

This research presents the applications of entropy generation phenomenon in incompressible flow of Jeffrey nanofluid in the presence of distinct thermal features. The novel aspects of various features, such as Joule heating, porous medium,dissipation features, and radiative mechanism are addressed. In order to improve thermal transportation systems based on nanomaterials, convective boundary conditions are introduced. The thermal viscoelastic nanofluid model is expressed in terms of differential equations. The problem is presented via nonlinear differential equations for which analytical expressions are obtained by using the homotopy analysis method(HAm). The accuracy of solution is ensured. The effective outcomes of all physical parameters associated with the flow model are carefully examined and underlined through various curves. The observations summarized from current analysis reveal that the presence of a permeability parameter offers resistance to the flow. A monotonic decrement in local Nusselt number is noted with Hartmann number and Prandtl ***, entropy generation and Bejan number increases with radiation parameter and fluid parameter.

关键词： Jeffrey nonmaterial entropy generation magnetohydrodynamics(mHD) Bejan number porous medium Brownian motion

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A Complete Foliation of Schwarzschild Spacetime by Free Falling Hypersurfaces

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Chinese Physics Letters 2006年第12期23卷 3161-3164页

作者： m. Ayub Faridi Amjad Pervez Haris Rashid fazal-e-Aleem Centre for High Energy Physics (CHEP) University of the Punjab Lahore 54590 Pakistan Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology University of the Punjab Lahore 54590 Pakistan

Free falling hypersurfaces in the Schwarzschild geometry have been studied to provide a complete foliation of spacetime. The hypersurfaces do not cross into the maximally extended spacetime and are well behaved everyw... 详细信息

关键词： CONSTANT-mEAN-CURVATURE RELATIVITY SURFACES TImE

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Effect of Cobalt Doping on the microstructure and Tensile Properties of Lead Free Solder Joint Subjected to Electromigration

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Journal of materials Science & Technology 2016年第11期32卷 1129-1136页

作者： m.Nasir Bashir A.S.m.A.Haseeb Abu Zayed mohammad Saliqur Rahman m.A.fazal Department of mechanical Engineering University of Malaya

Rapid Cu diffusion is one of the main causes of electromigration（Em） failure in lead-free solder *** this study, an effort has been made to investigate the detrimental effects of Em on microstructure and mechanical performance of solder joint by introducing Co nanoparticles（NP） doped flux at the interface between SAC305 solder and copper substrate. Em tests were conducted on un-doped SAC305 and Co-doped SAC305 solder joints for different time intervals, with the maximum duration of 1128 h. A DC current was applied to the both types of solder joints to achieve a current density of 1 × 104A/cm2. Em tests were performed in an oil bath maintained at a constant temperature of 80 °C. It is found that Codoped flux significantly reduced the formation of cracks and voids at the cathode interface. Co atoms entered into the lattice of Cu6Sn5 leading to the formation of（Cu, Co）6Sn5. This thermodynamically stabilized the interfacial intermetallic（ImC） layers both at the anode and cathode sides and suppressed the change in their thickness. The average anodic growth rate of（Cu, Co）6Sn5 interfacial ImC in the doped sample was about one order of magnitude lower compared with that of Cu6Sn5 in the un-doped ***-NP also improved the tensile strength considerably before and after Em. The report suggests that the reliability of solder joint during Em can be improved by using Co-NP doped flux.

关键词： Electromigration damages Tensile strength Intermetallic compounds Nanoparticles Reliability

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Total Cross Sections at High Energies—An Update

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2002年第6X期38卷 687-690页

作者： fazal-e-Aleem SohailAfzalTahir 等 CentreforHighEnergyPhysics UniversityofthePunjabLahore-54590Pakistan

Current and future measurements for the total cross sections at E-811, PP2PP, CSm, FELIX, and TOTEmhave been analyzed using various models. In the light of this study an attempt has been made to focus on the behavioro... 详细信息

关键词：强相互作用机制高能总截面测量

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Generalized Ghost Pilgrim Scalar Field models of Dark Energy

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2015年第11期64卷 590-596页

作者： Abdul Jawad Ujjal Debnath fazal Batool Department of mathematics COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Department of mathematics Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Department of mathematics Lahore Leads University

We assume generalized ghost Pilgrim dark energy(GGPDE) model in the presence of cold dark matter in flat FRW *** suitable choice of interaction term between GGPDE and cold dark matter,we investigate the nature of equation of state parameter for ***,we investigate the natures of dynamical scalar field models(such as quintessence,tachyon,k-essence,and dilaton dark energy) and concerned potentials through the correspondence phenomenon between GGPDE and these models.

关键词： generalized ghost Pilgrim dark energy scalar field

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Effect of rare earth elements and their oxides on tribo-mechanical performance of laser claddings:A review

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Journal of Rare Earths 2016年第6期34卷 549-564页

作者： m.m.Quazi m.A.fazal A.S.m.A.Haseeb Farazila Yusof H.H.masjuki A.Arslan Department of mechanical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia Center for Energy Science Uni-versity of Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia Centre of Advanced manufacturing and material Processing(AmmP Centre) University of Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia

Laser cladding is a promising photon-based surface engineering technique broadly utilized for fabricating harder and wear resistant composite coatings. In spite of excellent properties, the practical applications of laser claddings are relatively restricted when compared with well-established coating techniques because of their inherent defects identified as cracks, pores and inclusions. Substantial evidence suggests that the incorporation of an appropriate amount of rare earth in laser claddings can remarkably prevent these defects. Additionally, the presence of rare earth in laser claddings can notably enhance tribo-mechanical properties such as surface hardness, modulus of elasticity, fracture toughness, friction coefficient and wear rate. In this literature review, the effect of rare earth in reducing dilution and cracks susceptibility of laser claddings in addition to microstructural refinement attained was examined. mechanical and tribological properties of these claddings along with their underlying mechanism were discussed in detail. Finally, this article summarizes current applications of laser claddings based on rare earth and was concluded with future research directions.

关键词： laser cladding rare earth elements microstructure tribo-mechanical properties

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A Simple Human Vulnerability Index to Climate Change Hazards for Pakistan

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2012年第3期3卷 163-176页

作者： fazal Ali Khan Ali Salman Social Science and Economics Department Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology(SZABIST)Islamabad 44000Pakistan Rural Support Programmes Network(RSPN) Islamabad 44000Pakistan Development Pool Islamabad 44000Pakistan

This article explores the spatial pattern of vulnerability to climate change hazards in Pakistan by developing a Human Vulnerability Index(HVI). For this purpose, we use Population Census 1998 and Agriculture Census 2000 data. The HVI places the 103 districts of Pakistan in rank order and looks at whether there is a correlation between human vulnerability and exposure to disaster of the districts with respect to climate change hazards such as floods. The HVI is further validated using an independent flood recovery data set. The study found that the HVI is a useful tool for identifying vulnerable regions and districts for resource allocation. But the HVI is a poor tool for vulnerability assessment at community and household levels. For this purpose we used logistic regression analysis, which indicates that the adult literacy rate, ownership of livestock, and access to electricity are the three(out of six) key variables that play a critical positive role in recovery after the 2010 floods. The primary data collected from households also reveal that the 2010 Pakistan floods have equally affecte d standing crops, livestock, and house structures. more than two-thirds of sample households had rebuilt their house structures, whereas livestock recovery was negligible since the floods. We also found that the 2010 floods affected some of the poverty regions of the country, but that there is a very weak systematic correlation between human vulnerability and disaster exposure.

关键词： floods disaster district

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Enhancement of Quantum Correlations in Qubit-Qutrit Systems under the non-markovian Environment

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2017年第7期67卷 29-34页

作者： Abdul Basi Hamad Ali fazal Badshah Guo-Qin Ge School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 China

We investigate the time evolution of quantum correlations of a hybrid qubit-qutrit system under the classical Ornstein-Uhlenbeck(OU) noise. Here we consider two different one-parameter families of qubit-qutrit states which independently interact with the non-markovian reservoirs. A comparison with the markovian dynamics reveals that for the same set of initial condition parameters, the non-markovian behavior of the environment plays an important role in the enhancement of the survival time of quantum correlations. In addition, it is observed that the non-markovian strength(γ/Γ) has a positive impact on the correlations time. For the initial separable states it is found that there is a finite time interval in which the geometric quantum discord is frozen despite the presence of a noisy environment and that interval can be further prolonged by using the non-markovian property. moreover, its decay can be significantly delayed.

关键词： entanglement geometric quantum discord Ornstein-Uhlenbeck noise non-markovian environ-ment

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