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Damaging Agents and Tree’s Health Condition in an Urban Forest

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Open Journal of Forestry 2021年第3期11卷 238-253页

作者： luz de Lourdes Saavedra-Romero Tomás Martínez-Trinidad Dionicio Alvarado-Rosales Patricia Hernández-de la Rosa Jaime villa-Castillo Postgrado en Fitosanidad-Fitopatología Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Montecillo Texcoco Estado de México Postgrado en Ciencias Forestales Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Montecillo Texcoco Estado de México Consultor Independiente Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Montecillo Texcoco Estado de México

Urban trees are subjected to different damaging agents throughout their lifetime. The aims of this study were to identify tree damaging agents, and to obtain a Damage Severity Index (DSI) in order to categorize tree health condition at San Juan de Aragon Park. Each tree was identified at species level in 28 randomly established plots in ten sections of the study area. Up to two types of damage were recorded per tree, based on the FIA (Forest Inventory an Analysis Program) protocol, and a DSI was obtained for each damaged tree considering location of damage, nature of the damaging agent and severity. A total of 753 trees were assessed and 12 species and 27 damaging agents were identified. Cankers, galls, the pepper tree psyllid and the red gum lerp psyllid were the most frequent damaging agents. Australian pine, red gum, Mediterranean cypress, Mexican white cedar, and California pepper were the most affected species. The DSI ranged from 3 to 17 and the average was 7.9. Sections J and H and the species California pepper, Australian pine, and Mexican white cedar presented the highest DSI. The tree population had a moderate health condition, while the aforementioned sections and tree species showed the poorest.

关键词： Damaging Agents Urban Trees Bleeding Cankers Galls Health Categories Damage Severity Index

Diversity and host assemblage of avian haemosporidians in different terrestrial ecoregions of Peru

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Current Zoology 2022年第1期68卷 27-40页

作者： luz GARCIA-LONGORIA Jaime MURIEL Sergio MAGALLANES Zaira Hellen villa-GALARCE Leonila RICOPA Wilson Giancarlo INGA-DIAZ Esteban FONG Daniel VECCO Cesar GUERRA-SALDANA Teresa SALAS-RENGIFO Wendy FLORES-SAAVEDRA Kathya ESPINOZA Carlos MENDOZA Blanca SALDANA Manuel GONZALEZ-BLAZQUEZ Henry GONZALES-PINEDO Charlene LUJAN-VEGA Carlos Alberto Del AGUILA Yessica VILCA-HERRERA Carlos Alberto PINEDA Carmen REATEGUI Jorge Manuel CARDENAS-CALLIRGOS JoseAlberto IANNACONE Jorge Luis MENDOZA Ravinder NMSEHGAL Alfonso MARZAL Departamento de Anatomia Biologia Celular y ZoologiaUniversidad de ExtremaduraBadajoz E-506071Spain Molecular Ecology and Evolution Lab Department of BiologyLund UniversitySolvegatan 37SE-22362 LundSweden Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologıa-IPE(CSIC) Avda.Nuestra Senora de la Victoria 16Jaca 22700Spain DIRESA Direccion Regional de SaludLoreto 16001Peru Departamento Academico de Microbiologia y Parasitologia.Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia PeruanaIquitos 16001Peru Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias Universidad Alas PeruanasLima 15823Peru EverGreen Institute-San Rafael Distrito de IndianaLoreto 16200Peru Observatorio de Aves Loreto(LBO) Distrito de San JuanLoreto 16008Peru Centro Urku de Estudios Amazonicos Tarapoto 22200Peru Servicio Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas por el Estado 15036Peru Sanidad Animal-Facultad de Zootecnia Universidad Nacional Agraria La MolinaLima 15012Peru Laboratorio de Microbiologia Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y ZootecniaUniversidad CientUfica del SurLima 15067Peru Laboratorio de Analisis Clinico Moraleslab SAC MoralesSan Martin 22201Peru Asociacion Ecosistemas Andinos(ECOAN) Cuzco 08002Peru Pharmacology and Toxicology Graduate Group University of CaliforniaDavisDA 95616USA Global Health Initiative Wabash CollegeCrawfordsvilleIN 47933USA Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Universidad Nacional Hermilio ValdizanHuanuco10160Peru Asociacion Peruana de Helmintologia e Invertebrados Afines Lima 15054Peru Laboratorio de Ecologia y Biodiversidad Animal Universidad Nacional Federico VillarrealEl AgustinoLima 15007Peru Laboratorio de Invertebrados Universidad Ricardo Palma-Santiago de SurcoLima 15537Peru Department of Biology San Francisco State UniversitySan FranciscoCA 94132USA

Characterizing the diversity and structure of host–parasite communities is crucial to understandingtheir eco-evolutionary *** and related haemosporidian parasites are responsible forfitness loss and mortality in bird species ***,despite exhibiting the greatest ornithologicalbiodiversity,avian haemosporidians from Neotropical regions are quite ***,we analyze the genetic diversity of bird haemosporidian parasites(Plasmodium andHaemoproteus)in 1,336 individuals belonging to 206 bird species to explore for differences in diversityof parasite lineages and bird species across 5 well-differentiated Peruvian *** 70 different haemosporidian lineages infecting 74 bird *** showed that 25 out ofthe 70 haplotypes had not been previously ***,we also identified 81 new host–parasite interactions representing new host records for these haemosporidian *** outcomesrevealed that the effective diversity(as well as the richness,abundance,and Shannon–Weaver index)for both birds and parasite lineages was higher in Amazon basin ***,we also showed that ecoregions with greater diversity of bird species also had highparasite richness,hence suggesting that host community is crucial in explaining parasite *** parasites were found in ecoregions with lower bird diversity,implying that the abundanceand richness of hosts may shape the exploitation strategy followed by haemosporidian *** outcomes reveal that Neotropical region is a major reservoir of unidentified *** studies analyzing host distribution and specificity of these parasites inthe tropics will provide important knowledge about phylogenetic relationships,phylogeography,and patterns of evolution and distribution of haemosporidian parasites.

关键词： Amazonia avian malaria generalist parasite habitat specificity Haemoproteus Plasmodium specialist parasite

Exploring the adjustment to parasite pressure hypothesis: differences in uropygial gland volume and haemosporidian infection in palearctic and neotropical birds

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Current Zoology 2021年第2期67卷 147-156页

作者： Sergio MAGALLANES Anders Pape MøLLER Charlene LUJÁN-VEGA Esteban FONG Daniel VECCO Wendy FLORES-SAAVEDRA luz GARCÍA-LONGORIAA Florentino DE LOPE JoséA.IANNACONE Alfonso MARZAL Department of Anatomy Cellular Biology and ZoologyUniversity of ExtremaduraAvda.de Elvas S/NBadajoz ES-06006Spain Ecologie Systématique Evolution UniversitéParis-SudOrsay 91400France Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Life SciencesBeiing Normal UniversityBeiing 100875China Pharmacology and Toxicology Graduate Group University of CaliforniaDavisDavisCA 95616USA EverGreen Institute-San Rafael Distrito de IndianaLoreto 16200Perú Centro Urku de Estudios Amazónicos Tarapoto 22202Perú Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina Lima 15024Perú Molecular Ecology and Evolution Lab Department of BiologyLund UniversityLund 22100Sweden Laboratorio de Ingenieria Ambiental Universidad Cientifica del Sur-Villa el SalvadorLima 15067Perú Laboratorio de Invertebrados Universidad Ricardo PalmaSantiago de Surco 15039Perú

Parasites are globally widespread pathogenic organisms,which impose im portant selective forces upon their ***,in accordance with the A djustm ent to parasite pressure hypothesis,it is expected that defenses among hosts vary relative to the selective pressure imposed by *** to the latitudinal gradient in diversity,species richness and abundance of parasites peak near the *** uropygial gland is an im portant defensive exocrine gland against pathogens in *** of the uropygial gland has been proposed to vary among species of birds because of divergent selection by pathogens on their ***,we should expect that bird species from the tropics should have relatively larger uropygial glands for their body size than species from higher ***,this hypothesis has not yet been ***,we analyze the size of the uropygial gland of 1719 individual birds belonging to 36 bird species from 3 Neotropical(Peru)and 3 temperate areas(Spain).Relative uropygial gland volum e was 12.52%larger in bird species from the tropics than from temperate *** finding is consistent w ith the relative size of this defensive organ being driven by selective pressures imposed by *** also explored the potential role of this gland as a means of avoiding haemosporidian infection,showing that species with large uropygial glands for their body size tend to have lower mean prevalence of haemosporidian infection,regardless o f their geographical *** result provides additional support for the assum ption that secretions from the uropygial gland reduce the likelihood of becoming infected with haemosporidians.

关键词： adjustment to parasite pressure hypothesis malaria Neotropical region preen oil temperate region

Case Series of 11 Patients Operated with Axial-LIF Technique in a Single Center in Mexico

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2023年第3期13卷 129-136页

作者： Alfonso Vega Sosa Sergio Ivan Reyna Heredia Apolinar De la luz Laguna Ivanka Berenice Moreno villa Marlene de la Peña Gutiérrez Ramiro López Elizalde Cuauhtémoc Gil Ortiz Andres Jaime Aguirre Ivan Alejandro Mendez Guerrero Edwin Rolando Sanchez Vallejo Alejandra Grisel Mendoza Zuñiga Ricardo Cazares Mejía Carlos Erosa Velázquez Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City Mexico Centro Medico Nacional 20 de Noviembre Mexico City Mexico Centro Médico Naval Mexico City Mexico

Introduction: Since the earliest description of spinal fusion in 1911 and later by Dr. Fred H. Albee, it has become one of the most commonly performed procedures by orthopedist and neurosurgeons. The spinal fusion is now used to treat a variety of indications, such as traumatic injuries, deformities, primary and secondary tumors, infections and degenerative conditions of the spine. The risk of iatrogenic injury during traditional anterior, posterior, and transforaminal open fusion surgery is significant. The axial lumbar interbody fusion (Axia-LIF) is a minimal invasive technique which uses the retroperitoneumpresacral anatomical corridor to fuse the lumbar vertebral bodies L4-L5-S1 avoiding manipulation of the annular ligament, paravertebral muscles and facet joints. Methods: In this retrospective series, we report all the cases made in the Centro Medico Naval in México City in two years. A total of eleven patients with degenerative disc disease and spondylolisthesis underwent Axia-LIF one or two level systems with a 36 months clinical and radiographic follow-up. The outcomes included Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score and leg/back pain severity. Radiographic outcome was evaluated with dynamics and orthogonal x-ray, as well as lumbosacral tomography scan to evaluate fusion status. Results: Nine patients underwent Axia-LIF one level system (L5-S1) and the rest two levels system (L4-S1). Ten patients were fixated with transpedicular percutaneous screws and one with facets joints screws. No intraoperative complications were reported. The mean back pain severity improved 57% in 12 months, and the mean leg pain severity improved 50% in the same time (P < 0.001). Mean ODI scores improved 58%, from 60% ± 16% at baseline to 25% ± 8% at twelve months (P < 0.001). At one year, a patient developed pseudoarthrosis that required posterolateral arthrodesis with transpedicular percutaneous screws. At 36 months monitoring, 100% patients presented a total interbody fusion in the

关键词： Spine Surgery Axial-LIF Procedure Axial-LIF CMN 20 de Noviembre Spinal Fusion Centro Médico Naval