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Biochar improves diary pasture yields by alleviating P and K constraints with no influence on soil respiration or N2O emissions

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Biochar 2019年第1期1卷 115-126页

作者： lukas van zwieten Stephen Kimber Stephen Morris Lynne M.Macdonald Josh Rust Scott Petty Stephen Joseph Terry Rose NSW Department of Primary Industries 1243 Bruxner HighwayWollongbar 2477NSWAustralia CSIRO Land and Water Agriculture and Food/Sustainable Agricultural Flagship UrrbraeSA 5064Australia School of Materials Science and Engineering University of New South WalesKensington 2033NSWAustralia Southern Cross Plant Science Southern Cross UniversityLismore 2480NSWAustralia Centre for Organics Research Southern Cross UniversityLismore 2480NSWAustralia

Dairy pastures can be a major source of soil nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emissions due to the combination of intensive nitrogen(N)fertiliser use and high soil water content,from either rainfall and/or *** application is a promising approach to lower soil greenhouse gas emissions,particularly under high soil moisture conditions where denitrification is the primary N-transformation *** a replicated field trial,we evaluated the effects of two contrasting biochars derived from poul-try litter and from hardwood on soil N_(2)O emissions,soil ammonium(NH4^(+))and nitrate(NO3^(−))status,pasture productivity and herbage nutrient content.A liming treatment to mimic the liming equivalence of the poultry litter biochar was used to separate any effects observed from changes in soil *** further separate the effects of biochars on soil N status,N_(2)O emissions and pasture N uptake,high and low N fertiliser doses(annual application of 672 kg N ha^(−1),336 kg N ha^(−1))were superimposed across all of the *** N fertiliser dose had no significant impact on pasture *** of poultry litter biochar resulted in significant increases in pasture productivity under both high and low N *** was achieved by alleviating soil P,and possibly K nutritional constraints that are typical in Australian *** the high N fertiliser dose,emissions of N_(2)O from the treatments and control were not significantly different(p>0.05)and ranged between 1.14 and 1.78 kg N_(2)O-N ha^(−1)across the 11-month *** low N dose resulted in significantly lower emissions of N_(2)O of between 0.80 and 0.84 kg N_(2)O-N ha^(−1),but biochar had no significant effect on net emissions across the *** lack of impact of biochar on N_(2)O emissions was attributed to the relatively dry conditions over the trial period resulting in nitrification being the most likely N-transformation *** brief episodes of high soil moisture,peak emissions from the bio

关键词： Ferralsol Autochamber methodology Nitrification Urea Lime Poultry litter biochar Hardwood biochar Emission intensity

Developing More Effective Enhanced Biochar Fertilisers for Improvement of Pepper Yield and Quality

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Pedosphere 2015年第5期25卷 703-712页

作者： YAO Chunxue Stephen JOSEPH LI Lianqing PAN Genxing Yun LIN Paul MUNROE Ben PACE Sarasadat TAHERYMOOSAVI lukas van zwieten Torsten THOMAS Shaun NIELSEN Jun YE Scott DONNE Institute of Resources Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural University Discipline of Chemistry University of Newcastle School of Materials Science and Engineering University of New South Wales New South Wales Department of Primary Industries School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences & Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation University of New South Wales

Utilization of biochar at high application rates can increase soil C and crop yields, decrease greenhouse gas emissions and reduce nutrient run-off from soils. However, the high application rate of 10 t ha-1 may not return a profit to the farmer due to the high cost of biochar. In this study biochar was modified through pre-treating the biomass and post-treating with phosphoric acid, minerals and different chemical fertilisers to study the effects of two new enhanced biochar fertilisers on the yield and quality of green pepper in a field experiment with 5 fertilisation treatments and 3 replications. The two new biochar fertilisers significantly （P 〈 0.05） increased the yield of green pepper （11.33-11.47 t ha-l）, compared with the conventional chemical fertiliser （9.72 t ha-l）. The biochar fertiliser treatments improved the vitamin C content of green pepper from 236.99 to 278.28 mg kg-1, and also significantly （P 〈 0.05） reduced the nitrate content from 132.32 to 101.92 mg kg-1, compared with chemical fertiliser. This study indicated that, compared to the use of conventional chemical fertiliser, all of the biochar fertiliser treatments could significantly improve the yield and quality of green pepper.

关键词： bentonite clay chemical fertiliser nitrate content phosphoric acid vitamin C content wheat straw

A critical review of biochar-based nitrogen fertilizers and their effects on crop production and the environment

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Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 577-595页

作者： Yurong Gao Zheng Fang lukas van zwieten Nanthi Bolan Da Dong Bert F.Quin Jun Meng Fangbai Li Fengchang Wu Hailong Wang Wenfu Chen Agronomy College Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang 110866China Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province School of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringFoshan UniversityFoshan 528000China Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Improvement Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijingChina Department of Primary Industries New South Wales1243 Bruxner Highway2477 WollongbarNSWAustralia School of Agriculture and Environment The University of Western AustraliaPerthWA 6001Australia The UWA Institute of Agriculture The University of Western Australia6001 PerthWAAustralia School of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhouZhejiang 311300China Quin Environmentals(NZ)Ltd PO Box 125122St.HeliersAuckland 1740New Zealand Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-Environmental Pollution Control and Management Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil SciencesGuangdong Academy of Sciences510650 GuangzhouChina State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China Guangdong Green Technologies Co. LtdFoshan 528100China

Globally,nitrogen(N)fertilizer demand is expected to reach 112 million tonnes to support food production for about 8 billion ***,more than half of the N fertilizer is lost to the environment with impacts on air,water and soil quality,and ***,N loss to the environment contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and climate ***,where N fertilizer application is limited,severe depletion of soil fertility has become a major constraint to sustainable *** address the issues of low fertilizer N use efficiency(NUE),biochar-based N fertilizers(BBNFs)have been developed to reduce off-site loss and maximize crop N *** products are generally made through physical mixing of biochar and N fertilizer or via coating chemical N fertilizers such as prilled urea with *** review aims to describe the manufacturing processes of BBNFs,and to critically assess the effects of the products on soil properties,crop yield and N loss pathways.

关键词： Nitrogen use efficiency Controlled-release Retention Coating Biochar removing contaminants from

Biochar and soil properties limit the phytoavailability of lead and cadmium by Brassica chinensis *** contaminated soils

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Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 1102-1116页

作者： Assa Albert Houssou Paramsothy Jeyakumar Nabeel Khan Niazi lukas van zwieten Xiang Li Lianxi Huang Lan Wei Xiaodong Zheng Qing Huang Yufen Huang Xianzhi Huang Hailong Wang Zhongzhen Liu Zhenrui Huang Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region Ministry of AgricultureGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland ConservationInstitute of Agricultural Resources and EnvironmentGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou 510640China Environmental Sciences School of Agriculture and EnvironmentMassey UniversityPrivate Bag 11222Palmerston North 4442New Zealand Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Agriculture FaisalabadFaisalabad 38040Pakistan Wollongbar Primary Industries Institute NSW Department of Primary IndustriesWollongbarAustralia State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology Chongqing 400715China Guangdong Provincial Engineering&Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization Crops Research InstituteGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou 510640China Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province School of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringFoshan UniversityFoshan 528000China Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou 311300China

The current study investigated the effect of biochars derived from cinnamomum woodchip,garden waste and mulberry woodchip on soil phytoavailable lead(Pb),cadmium(Cd)pools,and their uptake by Chinese cabbage(Brassica chinensis L.).The biochars were produced at 450℃of pyrolysis *** contaminated soils were collected from Yunfu(clas-sified as Udept),Jiyuan(Ustalf)and Shaoguan(Udult)cities in China at the depth of 0-20 cm and amended with biochars at the rate of 3%w/*** mixing the soil with biochar for 14 days,the Chinese cabbage was planted in the amended ***,it was harvested on the 48th day after sowing *** Udult soil,Chinese cabbage died 18 days after sowing period in control and soils amended with cinnamomum and mulberry *** only plants grown with the garden waste biochar treatment survived in Udult soil,amendment of garden waste or mulberry biochars at 3%w/w(450℃)to Udult soil significantly increased(4.95-6.25)soil pH compared to other biochar *** Udept and Ustalf soils,the application of garden waste and mulberry biochars significantly improved plant biomass compared to control,albeit it was dependent on both biochar and soil *** waste biochar significantly decreased soil Cd phytoavailable concentration by 26%in the Udult soil,while a decrease of soil Cd phytoavailable concentration by 16%and 9%was observed in Ustalf and Udept soils,*** available phosphorus in biochar and soil pH were important factors controlling toxic metal phytouptake by the ***,the amendment of soil with biochar at 3%can effectively reduce the mobility of Cd and Pb in soil and plant ***,biochar and soil properties should be well-known before being used for soil toxic metal immobilization.

关键词： Contaminant Feedstock Available P Soil pH,heavy metal

Feeding Biochar to Cows:An Innovative Solution for Improving Soil Fertility and Farm Productivity

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Pedosphere 2015年第5期25卷 666-679页

作者： Stephen JOSEPH Doug POW Kathy DAWSON David R.G.MITCHELL Aditya RAWAL James HOOK Sarasadat TAHERYMOOSAVI lukas van zwieten Joshua RUST Scott DONNE Paul MUNROE Ben PACE Ellen GRABER Torsten THOMAS Shaun NIELSEN Jun YE Yun LIN PAN Genxing LI Lianqing Zakaria M.SOLAIMAN Discipline of Chemistry University of Newcastle School of Materials Science and Engineering University of New South Wales Electron Microscopy Center AIIMUniversity of Wollongong Institute of Resources Ecosystem and Environment of AgricultureNanjing Agricultural University Marron Brook Farm Warren Catchments Council 52 Bath StManjimup 6258 (Australia) Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre University of New South Wales Wollongbar Primary Industries Institute NSW Department of Primary Industries Institute of Soil Water and Environmental SciencesThe Volcani CenterAgricultural Research Organization Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular SciencesThe University of New South Wales Soil Biology and Molecular Ecology Group School of Earth and Environment (M087)The University of Western Australia

Addition of biochar produced through thermal decomposition of biomass has been seen as a strategy to improve soils and to sequester carbon （C）, but wide scale implementation of the technology requires to devise innovative profitable solutions. To develop biochar utilisation with an integrated system approach, an innovative program was implemented in 2012 on a 53-ha farm in Western Australia to determine the costs and benefits of integrating biochar with animal husbandry and improvement of pastures. Biochar was mixed with molasses and fed directly to cows. The dung-biochar mixture was incorporated into the soft profile by dung beetles. We studied the changes in soil properties over 3 years. Biochar extracted from fresh dung and from the soil to a depth of 40 cm was characterised. A preliminary financial analysis of the costs and benefits of this integrated approach was also undertaken. The preliminary investigation results suggested that this strategy was effective in improving soil properties and increasing returns to the farmer. It was also concluded that the biochar adsorbed nutrients from the cow＇s gut and from the dung. Dung beetles could transport this nutrient-rich biochar into the soil profile. There was little evidence that the recalcitrant component of the biochar was reduced through reactions inside the gut or on/in the soil. Further research is required to quantify the long-term impact of integrating biochar and dung beetles into the rearing of cows.

关键词： animal husbandry biochar C sequestration dung beetles financial benefit pasture

降钙素基因相关肽和BIBN4096BS对麻醉大鼠心肌缺血的作用<英文>

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2001年第7期22卷 14-20页

作者： Dong-Mei WU,Pieter A van zwieten,Henri N DOODS Cardiovascular Research Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma KG Birkendorfer Str 65 D-88397 Biberach Germany Department of Pharmacotherapy Academic Medical Centre University of Amsterdam Meibergdreef 15 1105 AZ Amsterdam The Netherlands Cardiovascular Research Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma KG Birkendorfer Str 65 D-88397 Biberach Germany

INTRODUCTION Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a 37amino acid peptide that is predominantly synthesized andstored in sensory neurons. It can be released from boththe central and peripheral axons of these ***-containing nerve fibers have been identifiedthroughout the cardiovascular system, in association withblood vessels, in particular the coronary arteries, andaround the sinoatrial and atrioventricular *** is a potent vasodilator peptide and it exerts positivechronotropic and inotropic effects in rats and hu-mans. It has been shown to exert extremely potent

关键词：降钙素基因相关肽 BIBN4096BS 心肌梗死再灌注损伤

Optical leaky fin waveguide for long-range optical antennas on high-index contrast photonic circuit platforms

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Photonics Research 2023年第9期11卷 1570-1582页

作者： lukas van ISEGHEM WIM BOGAERTS Photonics Research Group Department of Information TechnologyGhent University-IMECGhentBelgium Center for Nano-and Biophotonics(NB Photonics) Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium

Long-distance light detection and ranging(LiDAR)applications require an aperture size in the order of 30 mm to project 200–300 *** generate such collimated Gaussian beams from the surface of a chip,this work presents a novel waveguide antenna concept,which we call an“optical leaky fin antenna,”consisting of a tapered waveguide with a narrow vertical“fin”on *** proposed structure(operating aroundλ=1.55μm)overcomes fundamental fabrication challenges encountered in weak apodized gratings,the conventional method to create an offchip wide Gaussian beam from a waveguide *** explore the design space of the antenna by scanning the relevant cross section parameters in a mode solver,and their sensitivity is *** also investigate the dispersion of the emission pattern and angle with the *** simulated design space is then used to construct and simulate an optical antenna to emit a collimated target intensity *** show inherent robustness to crucial design parameters and indicate good scalability of the *** and challenges to fabricate this device concept are also *** novel antenna concept illustrates the possibility to integrate long optical antennas required for long-range solid-state LiDAR systems on a high-index contrast platform with a scalable fabrication method.

关键词： waveguide antenna optical

A Stochastic Study on the Wicking Phenomena

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Journal of Donghua University(English Edition) 2012年第2期29卷 178-181页

作者：翁鸣 lukas David Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology Ministry of EducationZhejiang Sci-Tech University Faculty of Textile Engineering Technical University of Liberec

A stochastic approach based on a 3D 3-state Potts model combined with Monte Carlo simulation was used to study the equilibrium wicking height of liquids in vertical cylindrical capillaries. The Lifshitz-van der Waals and Lewis acid-base theories were adopted to characterize the apolar and polar interactions in the spin system. The evolution of the spin system was driven by the difference in total energy for two successive states. To verify the model, equilibrium wicking height of water, formamide, heptane, and octane in capillaries of different radii were examined and the corresponding computer simulations were implemented. Good agreement was obtained between the simulation and experimental results. It shows the potential of the proposed approach to be applied in this area.

关键词： Potts model Monte Carlo simulation wicking Lifshitz-van der Waals Lewis acid-base

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循环和代谢调节中肾上腺能受体的作用

国际心血管病杂志 1989年第5期32卷 280-282页

作者： van zwieten PA 蔡伯林

本文综述了α-和β-肾上腺能受体及其亚型的分布和功能,重点讨论受体在循环尤其在血管调节过程中的作用。调节血压的α_2-受体是中枢性降压药的重要靶受体。心衰病人受体密度发生改变,特别是β_1-受体出现向下调节;原发性高血压病人α-... 详细信息

本文综述了α-和β-肾上腺能受体及其亚型的分布和功能,重点讨论受体在循环尤其在血管调节过程中的作用。调节血压的α_2-受体是中枢性降压药的重要靶受体。心衰病人受体密度发生改变,特别是β_1-受体出现向下调节;原发性高血压病人α-和β-受体的改变尚有不同看法。α-和β-阻滞剂还对血浆脂质和碳水化合物的代谢产生一定影响。

关键词：肾上腺能受体代谢调节中枢性降压药原发性高血压病调节血压 β-阻滞剂心衰病人洛尔向下调节血浆脂质