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Individualized treatment options for patients with non-cirrhotic and cirrhotic liver disease

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第19期27卷 2281-2298页

作者： lukas Hartl Joshua Elias Gerhard Prager Thomas Reiberger lukas W Unger Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaVienna A-1090Austria Vienna Hepatic Hemodynamic Lab Medical University of ViennaVienna A-1090Austria Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridge CB20AWUnited Kingdom Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineUniversity of CambridgeAddenbrooke’s HospitalCambridge CB20QQUnited Kingdom Division of Visceral Surgery Department of General SurgeryMedical University of ViennaVienna A-1090Austria

The obesity pandemic has led to a significant increase in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD).While dyslipidemia,type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases guide treatment in patients without signs of liver fibrosis,liver related morbidity and mortality becomes relevant for MAFLD’s progressive form,non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),and upon development of liver *** should be prescribed in patients without significant fibrosis despite concomitant liver diseases but are underutilized in the real-world *** surgery,especially Y-Roux bypass,has been proven to be superior to conservative and/or medical treatment for weight loss and resolution of obesity-associated diseases,but comes at a low but existent risk of surgical complications,reoperations and very rarely,paradoxical progression of *** end-stage liver disease develops,obese patients benefit from liver transplantation(LT),but may be at increased risk of perioperative infectious *** LT,metabolic comorbidities are commonly observed,irrespective of the underlying liver disease,but MAFLD/NASH patients are at even higher risk of disease *** studies with low patient numbers evaluated if,and when,bariatric surgery may be an option to avoid disease recurrence but more high-quality studies are needed to establish clear *** this review,we summarize the most recent literature on treatment options for MAFLD and NASH and highlight important considerations to tailor therapy to individual patient’s needs in light of their risk profile.

关键词： Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Portal hypertension Cirrhosis Bariatric surgery Metabolism

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Impact of surgery on the outcome after spinal cord injury – current concepts and an outlook into the future

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第12期11卷 1928-1929页

作者： lukas Grassner Doris Maier Center for Spinal Cord Injuries Trauma Center Murnau Department of Neurosurgery Trauma Center Murnau Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine Paracelsus Medical University Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg

Traumatic spinal cord injury（SCI）remains a devastating neurological disorder leading to severe consequences for the affected individual and their ***,socioeconomic implications should not be neglected as *** life ex... 详细信息

关键词： Impact of surgery on the outcome after spinal cord injury current concepts and an outlook into the future SCI

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Development and characterization of photovoltaic tandemjunction nanowires using electron-beam-induced current measurements

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Nano Research 2022年第9期15卷 8510-8515页

作者： lukas Hrachowina Enrique Barrigón Magnus T.Borgström NanoLund and Divison of Solid State Physics Lund UniversityBox 11822100 LundSweden Universidad de Málaga Andalucía TechDepartamento de Física Aplicada ⅠCampus de Teatinoss/nMálaga 29071Spain

Nanowires have many interesting properties that are of advantage for solar cells,such as the epitaxial combination of latticemismatched materials without plastic *** could be utilized for the synthesis of axial tandem-junction nanowire solar cells with high efficiency at low material ***-beam-induced current measurements have been used to optimize the performance of single-junction nanowire solar ***,we use electron-beam-induced current measurements to break the barrier to photovoltaic tandem-junction *** particular,we identify and subsequently prevent the occurrence of a parasitic junction when combining an InP n-i-p junction with a tunnel ***,we demonstrate how to use optical and electrical biases to individually measure the electron-beam-induced current of both sub-cells of photovoltaic tandem-junction *** show that with an applied voltage in forward direction,all junctions can be analyzed *** development of this characterization technique enables further optimization of tandem-junction nanowire solar cells.

关键词： Ⅲ-Ⅴnanowire nanowire solar cell tandem-junction Esaki tunnel diode electron-beam induced current(EBIC)

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Functional brain imaging of gastrointestinal sensation in health and disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第25期13卷 3438-3445页

作者： lukas Van Oudenhove Steven J Coen Qasim Aziz Department of Neurosciences Division of Psychiatry & Department of Pathophysiology Gastroenterology Section University Hospital Gasthuisberg University of Leuven Belgium Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences Institute of Psychiatry London United Kingdom Division of Neuroscience & Medicine Department of GI Sciences Hope Hospital University of Manchester United Kingdom

It has since long been known, from everyday experience as well as from animal and human studies, that psychological processes-both affective and cognitive- exert an influence on gastrointestinal sensorimotor function. More specifically, a link between psychological factors and visceral hypersensitivity has been suggested, mainly based on research in functional gastrointestinal disorder patients. However, until recently, the exact nature of this putative relationship remained unclear, mainly due to a lack of non-invasive methods to study the （neurobiological） mechanisms underlying this relationship in non-sleeping humans. As functional brain imaging, introduced in visceral sensory neuroscience some 10 years ago, does provide a method for in vivo study of brain-gut interactions, insight into the neurobiological mechanisms underlying visceral sensation in general and the influence of psychological factors more particularly, has rapidly grown. In this article, an overview of brain imaging evidence on gastrointestinal sensation will be given, with special emphasis on the brain mechanisms underlying the interaction between affective ＆ cognitive processes and visceral sensation. First, the reciprocal neural pathways between the brain and the gut （brain- gut axis） will be briefly outlined, including brain imaging evidence in healthy volunteers. Second, functional brain imaging studies assessing the influence of psychological factors on brain processing of visceral sensation in healthy humans will be discussed in more detail. Finally, brain imaging work investigating differences in brain responses to visceral distension between healthy volunteers and functional gastrointestinal disorder patients will be highlighted.

关键词： Functional brain imaging Functionalgastro-intestinal disorders Visceral hypersensitivity Gastrointestinal sensation Psychological factors

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Repeated Multiview Imaging for Estimating Seedling Tiller Counts of Wheat Genotypes Using Drones

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Plant Phenomics 2020年第1期2卷 279-298页

作者： lukas Roth Moritz Camenzind Helge Aasen lukas Kronenberg Christoph Barendregt Karl-Heinz Camp Achim Walter Norbert Kirchgessner Andreas Hund ETH Zurich Institute of Agricultural SciencesUniversitätstrasse 28092 ZurichSwitzerland Delley Samen und Pflanzen AG Route de Portalban 401567 DelleySwitzerland

Early generation breeding nurseries with thousands of genotypes in single-row plots are well suited to capitalize on high throughput ***,methods to monitor the intrinsically hard-to-phenotype early development of wheat are yet *** aimed to develop proxy measures for the rate of plant emergence,the number of tillers,and the beginning of stem elongation using drone-based *** used RGB images(ground sampling distance of 3mm pixel-1)acquired by repeated flights(≥2 flights per week)to quantify temporal changes of visible leaf *** exploit the information contained in the multitude of viewing angles within the RGB images,we processed them to multiview ground cover images showing plant pixel *** on these images,we trained a support vector machine for the beginning of stem elongation(GS30).Using the GS30 as key point,we subsequently extracted plant and tiller counts using a watershed algorithm and growth modeling,*** results show that determination coefficients of predictions are moderate for plant count(R^(2)=0:52),but strong for tiller count(R^(2)=0:86)and GS30(R^(2)=0:77).Heritabilities are superior to manual measurements for plant count and tiller count,but inferior for GS30 *** the selection intensity due to throughput may overcome this *** image traits can replace hand measurements with high efficiency(85-223%).We therefore conclude that multiview images have a high potential to become a standard tool in plant phenomics.

关键词： Wheat watershed breeding

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Cytokines and fatty liver diseases

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Liver Research 2018年第1期2卷 14-20页

作者： lukas Niederreiter Herbert Tilg Department of Internal Medicine I GastroenterologyEndocrinology&MetabolismMedical University InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria

Cytokines are considered crucial players in inflammatory-associated disorders throughout the *** liver diseases such as alcoholic liver disease(ALD)and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)are commonly characterized by lipid accumulation and in a substantial subset of patients with inflammation in the *** of inflammation affects long-term outcome of liver disease including evolution of liver fibrosis,cirrhosis and hepatocellular *** the pro-inflammatory cytokines Interleukin(IL)-1(αandβ)and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)αplay a central role in many stages of liver diseases mediating fundamental aspects of those diseases including acute phase protein synthesis,lipid metabolism,cholestasis and degree of *** key cytokines released mainly by mononuclear cells affect all liver cell types and orchestrate the production of many other mediators relevant in chronic liver *** cytokines also regulate crucially the development of insulin resistance,a key component of *** these critical mediators of inflammation by specific antibodies,especially TNFα,has so far not been proven successful in alcoholic steatohepatitis,a cytokine-driven *** summary,inflammatory cytokines are continuously present locally and systemically in patients with advanced fatty liver diseases,mediating and affecting the clinical phenotype and many features of these disorders.

关键词： Alcoholic hepatitis(AH) Cytokines Inflammation Interleukin(IL)-1 Alcoholic liver disease(ALD) Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) Tumor necrosis factor(TNF)α

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New approaches for brazing temperature sensitive materials

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China Welding 2014年第3期23卷 21-25页

作者： Wolfgang TiUmann Chunlai Liu lukas Wojarski Institute of Materials Engineering Technical University of Dortmund

PVD deposited copper interlayers as filler materials were used in order to manufacture TLP brazed magnesium joints. The microstructure and interface characteristics of the overlap joints were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectrometer and tensile testing. Sound brazed joints could be achieved. The dwell time is the main factor to control the thickness of the reaction layer. It was shown that the deposited copper filler metal clearly reacted with the magnesium substrate , resulting in the formation of a magnesium solid solution （Mg） with different amount of copper, aluminum and zinc as well as Mg2Cu phases. With the progressing diffusion, the formation of intermetaUic compounds was suppressed and the hardness distribution in the brazing seam homogenized. The joints fractured at the interface, and the maximum average tensile shear strength of overlap joints reached 85 MPa.

关键词： brazing TLP diffusion magnesium

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The emergence and evolution of OpenStreetMap: a cellular automata approach

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2015年第1期8卷 76-90页

作者： Jamal Jokar Arsanjani Marco Helbich Mohamed Bakillah lukas Loos GIScience Research Group Institute of GeographyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany

Collaborative mapping projects,such as OpenStreetMap(OSM),have received tremendous amounts of contributed data from voluntary participants over *** far,most research efforts deal with data quality issues,but the OSM evolution across space and over time has not been ***,this study is dedicated to the evolution of the contributed information in order to understand an emergent phenomenon of so-called collaborative *** main objective of this paper is to monitor the evolutional pattern of OSM and predict potential future states through a cellular automata(CA)*** is exceedingly relevant for numerous OSM-based *** spatiotemporal analysis of the contributions for the time period 2007–2012,using the city of Heidelberg(Germany)as a case study,reveals that early contributions are given three years after the launching of OSM,while after nearly six years,most of the areas are *** simulation results for the validated CA model,predicting OSM states for 2014,provide clear evidence that most of the areas have been explored three years after people began mapping until 2010,and thereafter,the densification process has begun and will cover most parts of the city although the amount of contribution depends on the land use types.

关键词： cellular automata OpenStreetMap transition rules spatiotemporal analysis collaborative contributing

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Solid-state emissive biphenylene bridged bisaroyl-S,N-ketene acetals as distinct aggregation-induced enhanced emitters and fluorometric probes

Aggregate

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Aggregate 2021年第5期2卷 179-184页

作者： lukas Biesen Thomas J.J.Muller Institut fur Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universitat DusseldorfDüsseldorfGermany

Biphenylene bridged bisaroyl-S,N-ketene acetals can be readily synthesized by a one-pot Masuda borylation-Suzuki arylation sequence,thus,yielding a library of 20 bisaroyl-S,N-ketene acetals with tunable solid-state emission and aggregationinduced enhanced emission characteristics depending on the para substituents in the starting *** applications as fluorometric probe of alcoholic beverages are outlined.

关键词： aggregation-induced emission aroyl-S N-ketene acetals liquor sensors one-pot reaction solid-state

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Photovoltaic yield prediction using an irradiance forecast model based on multiple neural networks

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2018年第2期6卷 255-267页

作者： Saad Parvaiz DURRANI Stefan BALLUFF lukas WURZER Stefan KRAUTER Paderborn University Bosch Thermotechnik GmbH

In order to develop predictive control algorithms for efficient energy management and monitoring for residential grid connected photovoltaic systems, accurate and reliable photovoltaic(PV) power forecasts are required.A PV yield prediction system is presented based on an irradiance forecast model and a PV model. The PV power forecast is obtained from the irradiance forecast using the PV model. The proposed irradiance forecast model is based on multiple feed-forward neural networks. The global horizontal irradiance forecast has a mean absolute percentage error of 3.4% on a sunny day and 23% on a cloudy day for Stuttgart. PV power forecasts based on the neural network irradiance forecast have performed much better than the PV power persistence forecast model.

关键词： Grid connected photovoltaic(GCPV) Photovoltaic(PV) PV power prediction Irradiance forecast Neural network(NN)

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