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Leaky gut, dysbiosis, and enteric glia activation: the trilogy behind the intestinal origin of Parkinson’s disease

Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第6期15卷 1037-1038页

作者： luisa seguella Giovanni Sarnelli Giuseppe Esposito Department of Physiology and Pharmacology“V.Erspamer”-Sapienza University RomeItaly(Seguella LEsposito G)Department of Clinical Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Naples“Federico II”NaplesItaly(Sarnelli G)

Early diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease(PD):how we can improve the therapeutic approach:PD is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor dysfunctions(tremor,rigidity,bradykinesia and impaired posture/balance)elicited by selective depletion of dopaminergic(DA)neurons in substantia nigra pars *** neuron loss is associated with neuronal inclusions of the phosphorylatedα-synuclein protein called Lewy body(Shults,2006).Although the underlying neurodegenerative process is not affected,the management of PD patients has been revolutionized with the introduction of levodopa and DA drugs in the routine therapy,which ensures initial symptomatic relief of motor functions through the DA supply in the nigrostriatal *** drugs are currently the best option for treating PD,although their chronic use is associated with progressive dopamine resistance and loss of effectiveness in the recovery of motor *** therapeutic strategies,including agonists of DA receptors,monoamine oxide B inhibitors,and even deep brain stimulation techniques have been developed to overcome these clinical ***,these therapeutic approaches cannot restore PD-compromised functions,as irreversible DA neurodegeneration has occurred in substantia nigra pars compacta when first motor symptoms *** nigrostriatal system is traditionally considered as the first region affected by neuronal impairment in Parkinsonisms;however,α-synuclein aggregation appears in a pre-motor stage of the disease in the enteric nervous system(ENS).

关键词： impaired routine overcome

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