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Decomposition and stabilization of organic matter in an old-growth tropical riparian forest:effects of soil properties and vegetation structure

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Forest Ecosystems 2021年第1期8卷 173-181页

作者： Pedro henrique de Godoy Fernandes Andréa Lúcia Teixeira de souza Marcel Okamoto Tanaka Renata Sebastiani Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences Federal University of São CarlosSão CarlosSPBrazil Department of Environmental Sciences(DCAm) Federal University of São CarlosSão CarlosSPBrazil Department of Nature Mathematicsand Education SciencesFederal University of São CarlosSão CarlosSPBrazil

Background:Nutrient cycling in tropical forests has a large importance for primary productivity,and decomposition of litterfall is a major process influencing nutrient balance in forest *** large-scale factors strongly influence decomposition patterns,small-scale factors can have major influences,especially in old-growth forests that have high structural complexity and strong plant-soil *** we evaluated the effects of forest structure and soil properties on decomposition rates and stabilization of soil organic matter using the Tea Bag Index(TBI)in an old-growth riparian forest in southeastern *** data sets were described separately using Principal Components Analysis(PCA).The main axes for each analysis,together with soil physical properties(clay content and soil moisture),were used to construct structural equations models that evaluated the different parameters of the TBI,decomposition rates and stabilization *** best model was selected using Akaike’s ***:Forest structure and soil physical and chemical properties presented large variation among plots within the studied *** content was strongly correlated with soil moisture and the first PCA axis of soil chemical properties,and model selection indicated that clay content was a better predictor than this *** rates presented a large variation among tea bags(0.009 and 0.098 g·g^(−1)·d−1)and were positively related with forest structure,as characterized by higher basal area,tree density and larger *** stabilization factor varied between 0.211–0.426 and was related to forest stratification and soil clay ***:The old-growth forest studied presented high heterogeneity in both forest structure and soil properties at small spatial scales,that influenced decomposition processes and probably contributed to small-scale variation in nutrient *** rates were only influenced by forest structure,whereas the stabilizat

关键词： Tea bag index Forest structure Carbon fixation Nutrient cycling

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Multi-objective forest harvesting under sustainable and economic principles

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林业研究:英文版 2023年第5期34卷 1379-1394页

作者： Talles Hudson souza Lacerda Luciano Cavalcante de Jesus Franca Isáira Leite e Lopes Sammilly Lorrayne souza Lacerda Evandro OrfanóFigueiredo Bruno henrique Groenner Barbosa Carolina souza Jarochinski e Silva Lucas Rezende Gomide Suzano SA Sao JoséDos CamposSao PauloBrazil Institute of Agricultural Sciences Federal University of Uberlandia–UFUMonte CarmeloMinas GeraisBrazil Department of Forest Sciences Federal University of Lavras–UFLALavrasMinas GeraisBrazil Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation–EMBRAPA Rio BrancoAcreBrazil Department of Systems and Automation Federal University of Lavras–UFLALavrasMinas GeraisBrazil

Selective logging is well-recognized as an effective practice in sustainable forest ***,the ecological efficiency or resilience of the residual stand is often in *** time depends on operational variables,diversity,and forest *** logging is excellent but is open to *** may be resolved by mathematical programming and this study integrates the economic-ecological aspects in multi-objective function by applying two evolutionary *** function maximizes remaining stand diversity,merchantable logs,and the inverse of distance between trees for harvesting and log landings *** Brazilian rainforest database(566 trees)was used to simulate our 216-ha *** log landing design has a maximum volume limit of 500 *** nondominated sorting genetic algorithm was applied to solve the main optimization *** parallel,a sub-problem(p-facility allocation)was solved for landing allocation by a genetic *** frontier analysis was applied to distinguish the gradientsα-economic,β-ecological,andγ-*** expected,the solutions have high diameter changes in the residual stand(average removal of approximately 16 m^(3) ha^(-1)).All solutions showed a grouping of trees selected for harvesting,although there was no formation of large clearings(percentage of canopy removales in floristic composition by preferentially selecting species with greater frequency in the initial stand for *** implies a lower impact on the demographic rates of the remaining *** methodology should support projects of reduced impact logging by using spatial-diversity information to guide better practices in tropical forests.

关键词： Amazon rainforest management Computational intelligence Multi-objective functions Evolutionary computing

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Optimization of the Chitinase Production by Different Metarhizium anisopliae Strains under Solid-State Fermentation with Silkworm Chrysalis as Substrate Using CCRD

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Advances in Microbiology 2012年第3期2卷 268-276页

作者： Cynthia Barbosa Rustiguel Joao Atílio Jorge luis henrique souza guimaraes Department of Biology Faculdade de FilosofiaCiencias e Letras de Ribeirao PretoUniversidade de Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil

Entomopathogenic fungi, such as Metarhizium anisopliae, are able to control various insect pests. These fungi attack the integument of the host using an enzymatic complex. Among the enzymes found in this complex, chitinase is an important component. However, the relation between the chitinase production and the virulence from different M. anisopliae strains has not been analyzed. In this manuscript it is presented the chitinase production by four M. anisopliae strains with different potential of virulence in Solid-State Fermentation using silkworm chrysalis as substrate. The higher chitinase level was obtained with the strain IBCB 360 (7.14 U/g of substrate) with potential virulence of 68% on Diatrea saccharalis. The enzyme production was optimized for all strains using a factorial planning (CCRD) considering the cultivation time and medium humidity as independent variables. The maximal production of chitinase was obtained at a range from 8 to 12-days old cultures and from 45% to 62% of moisture according to the surface response plot, with high R2 value. The enzyme production by the strain IBCB 167 was increased two-folds under optimized conditions, while for the strains IBCB 360 and 425 the chitinase production was increased four-folds and nine-folds for the strain IBCB 384.

关键词： Entomopathogenic Fungus Metarhizium anisopliae Chitinase Solid-State Fermentation

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Relationship between Physical and Chemical Soil Attributes and Plant Species Diversity in Tropical Mountain Ecosystems from Brazil

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第4期11卷 875-883页

作者： Ferna de CARVALHO Edward luis GODOY Francy J. G. LISBOA Fatima Maria de souza MOREIRA Francisco Adriano de souza Ricardo luis Louro BERBARA G Wilson FERNes Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecology and Biodiversity Department of Geral Biology Institute of Biology Sciences Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte MG 30161-901 P.O. Box 486 Brazil Department of Biology Microbiology and Biological Processes Department of Soil Science Federal University of LavrasLavras Minas Gerais 37200-000 P.O.Box 3037 Brazil Department of Biological Sciences Ferderal University of S?o Jo?o Del Rei S?o Jo?o del-Rei Minas Gerais 36307-352Brazil Laboratory of Soil Biology Department of Soil Science Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro Seropédica Rio de Janeiro 23890-000 Brazil Embrapa Maize and Sorghum Center for Applied Biology Rod. MG 424 KM 45 Caixa Postal Sete Lagoas Minas Gerais 35701-970 P.O. Box 285 Brazil

Although the high diversity of plant species in the rupestrian fields has been primarily attributed to the existence of a set of distinct habitats, few studies support this assertion. The present study aimed to further investigate the relationship between physical and chemical attributes of soils with the diversity of plant species in this unique ecosystem. The rupestrian field is a unique vegetation formation that covers some of the southeastern Brazilian mountains in the transition of the Atlantic rain forest and the Cerrado(savanna). Different habitats occur according to soil characteristics(e.g., presence of rocks, sand, fertility, hydrology, etc.). These attributes ultimately influence the vegetation that is highly adapted to the harsh edaphic and climatic mountain conditions. Five distinct habitats were studied by us: rocky outcrops, peat bogs, sandy bogs, quartz gravel fields, and "cerrado"(savanna). A floristic survey indicated that four families are found at greater frequency: Poaceae, Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, and Leguminosae. The greatest diversity of plant species was found in the rocky outcrops habitat, followed by cerrado, peat bog, quartz gravel grassland, and sandy bogs, respectively. The main difference in the floristic composition among these habitats was related to the dominant species. Trachypogon spicatus(Poaceae) was the most dominant species in the rocky outcrops, Axonopus siccus(Poaceae) in the peat bogs, Lagenocarpus rigidus(Cyperaceae) in the sandy bogs, Schizachyrium tenerum(Poaceae) in the cerrado, while Vellozia sp. 8(Velloziaceae) dominated the vegetation in the quartz gravel grassland. This study demonstrated that physical and chemical soil properties strongly related the diversity of plant species occurring in the different habitats of rupestrian fields.

关键词： Floristic diversity Plant-soilrelationships espinhaqo Range Biodiversity Mountain ecology Plant habitat

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Influence of Sugarcane Bagasse Fiber Size on Biodegradable Composites of Thermoplastic Starch

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2018年第2期6卷 176-182页

作者： Bruno henrique dos Santos Karen de souza do Prado Asaph Armando Jacinto Marcia Aparecida da Silva Spinace Federal University of ABC Center of Natural and Human SciencesAv.dos Estados5001Santa Terezinha09.210-170 Santo AndréSão PauloBrazil

Although thermoplastic starch(TPS)is biodegradable,its low mechanical resistance limits its wide *** bagasse(SB)fibers can be used as reinforcement in TPS matrix composites,but the influence of fiber size on the properties of the composite is still *** this study,TPS composites reinforced with SB short fibers of four sizes were processed and characterized in order to analyze the influence of fiber size on the mechanical properties of the TPS/SB *** was observed that the interaction between fiber and matrix was good and optimized when the fibers are sifted in sieves between 30 and 50 mesh,obtaining fibers with average length of 1569±640μm and average diameter of 646±166μ*** these composites,increases of more than 660%in the modulus and more than 100%in the maximum tension were verified when compared to the pure TPS.

关键词： Sugarcane bagasse thermoplastic starch composite fiber size

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Effects of intragastric balloon placement in metabolic dysfunctionassociated fatty liver disease: A systematic review and metaanalysis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2021年第7期13卷 815-829页

作者： João Remíde Freitas Júnior Igor Braga Ribeiro Diogo Turiani Hourneaux de Moura Vitor Massaro Takamatsu Sagae Gabriel Mayo Vieira de souza Guilherme henrique Peixoto de Oliveira Sergio A Sánchez-Luna Thiago Ferreira de souza Eduardo Turiani Hourneaux de Moura Cláudia Pinto Marques souza de Oliveira Wanderley Marques Bernardo Eduardo guimarães Hourneaux de Moura Serviço de Endoscopia Gastrointestinal do Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP Departamento de GastroenterologiaFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de Sao PauloSao PauloSPBR Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineBasil I.Hirschowitz Endoscopic Center of ExcellenceThe University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35294United States Department of Gastroenterology Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São PauloSão Paulo 05403-010Brazil

BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease corresponds to a clinical entity that affects liver function triggered by the accumulation of fat in the liver and is linked with metabolic *** To evaluate the effects of the intragastric balloon(IGB)in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease through the assessment of liver enzymes,imaging and several metabolic *** A comprehensive search was done of multiple electronic databases(MEDLINE,EMBASE,LILACS,Cochrane and Google Scholar)and grey literature from their inception until February *** criteria involved patients with a body mass index>25 kg/m2 with evidence or previous diagnosis of hepatic *** analyzed before and after 6 mo of IGB removal were alanine aminotransferase(IU/L),gamma-glutamyltransferase(IU/L),glycated hemoglobin(%),triglycerides(mg/dL),systolic blood pressure(mmHg),homeostatic model assessment,abdominal circumference(cm),body mass index(kg/m2)and liver volume(cm3).ResULTS Ten retrospective cohort studies evaluating a total of 508 patients were *** 6 mo of IGB placement,this significantly reduced alanine aminotransferase[mean difference(MD):10.2,95%confidence interval(CI):8.12-12.3],gammaglutamyltransferase(MD:9.41,95%CI:6.94-11.88),glycated hemoglobin(MD:0.17%,95%CI:0.03-0.31),triglycerides(MD:38.58,95%CI:26.65-50.51),systolic pressure(MD:7.27,95%CI:4.79-9.76),homeostatic model assessment(MD:2.23%,95%CI:1.41-3.04),abdominal circumference(MD:12.12,95%CI:9.82-14.41)and body mass index(MD:5.07,95%CI:4.21-5.94).CONCLUSION IGB placement showed significant efficacy in improving alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels in patients with metabolic dysfunctionassociated fatty liver disease as well as improving metabolic markers related to disease progression.

关键词： Intragastric balloon Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease Homeostatic model assessment Abdominal circumference Body mass index

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Production of Invertases by Anamorphic(Aspergillus nidulans)and Teleomorphic(Emericela nidulans)Fungi under Submerged Fermentation Using Rye Flour as Carbon Source

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Advances in Microbiology 2013年第5期3卷 421-429页

作者： Juliana Nunes e Oliveira Alves Joao Atílio Jorge luis henrique souza guimaraes Department of Biology Faculty of PhylosophySciences and Letters of Ribeirao PretoUniversity of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil

The production of invertases by anamorph (A. nidulans) and teleomorph (E. nidulans) was investigated. The best level of extracellular enzymatic production for anomorph was obtained in Khanna medium containing sucrose as carbon source, whereas for teleomorph the best production was archived using M5 medium containing inulin as carbon source. Despite this, rye flour was selected as carbon source. The extracellular enzyme production was higher for teleomorph than that observed for anomorph for all carbon sources used. The enzyme production was inhibited by the addition of fructose and glucose in the medium containing rye flour as carbon source. The best conditions to recover the higher enzymatic activity were temperature of 54℃ - 62℃ and pH of 4.8 5.6 for both enzymes determined by experimental design (CCRD). The stability of the temperatures at 40℃ and 50℃were similar for both enzymes. The invertases from the anomorph and teleomorph were activated by Mn2+, but the response of each one towards the presence of this cation was different with best activation observed for the anomorph enzyme (+80%). The extracellular enzymes were able to hydrolyze inulin, sucrose and raffinose. However, the affinity was higher for sucrose than inulin. In conclusion, the carbon source assimilation and the invertase production, as well as the enzymes properties, were different for the anomorph and teleomorph mycelia.

关键词： Invertase Fructofuranosidase Aspergillus Emericela

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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha activation and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition target dysbiosis to treat fatty liver in obese mice

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第17期28卷 1814-1829页

作者： Flavia Maria Silva-Veiga Carolline Santos Miranda Isabela Macedo Lopes Vasques-Monteiro henrique souza-Tavares Fabiane Ferreira Martins Julio Beltrame Daleprane Vanessa souza-Mello Department of Anatomy Institute of BiologyState University of Rio de JaneiroLaboratory of MorphometryMetabolism and Cardiovascular DiseasesRio de Janeiro 20551-030Brazil Department of Clinical and Toxicology Analysis State University of Rio de JaneiroNutrition InstituteState University of Rio de JaneiroNutrition InstituteUniversity of Sao PauloRio de Janeiro 20551-030Brazil

BACKGROUND Obesity and comorbidities onset encompass gut dysbiosis,altered intestinal permeability,and *** that target gut dysbiosis can cope with obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)*** proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR)-alpha activation and dipeptidyl-peptidase-4(DPP-4)inhibition alleviate NAFLD,but the mechanism may involve gut microbiota modulation and merits further *** To address the effects of PPAR-alpha activation and DPP-4 inhibition(isolated or combined)upon the gut-liver axis,emphasizing inflammatory pathways in NAFLD management in high-fat-fed C57BL/6J *** Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a control diet(C,10%of energy as lipids)or a highfat diet(HFD,50%of energy as lipids)for 12 wk,when treatments started,forming the groups:C,HF,HFA(HFD+PPAR-alpha agonist WY14643,2.5 mg/kg body mass),HFL(HFD+DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin,15 mg/kg body mass),and HFC(HFD+the combination of WY14643 and linagliptin).ResULTS The HFD was obesogenic compared to the C *** treatments elicited significant body mass loss,and the HFC group showed similar body mass to the C *** treatments tackled oral glucose intolerance and raised plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 *** metabolic benefits restored Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio,resulting in increased goblet cells per area of the large intestine and reduced lipopolysaccharides concentrations in treated *** the gene level,treated groups showed higher intestinal Mucin 2,Occludin,and Zo-1 expression than the HFD *** reduced endotoxemia suppressed inflammasome and macrophage gene expression in the liver of treated *** observations complied with the mitigation of liver steatosis and reduced hepatic triacylglycerol,reassuring the role of the proposed treatments on NAFLD *** PPAR alpha activation and DPP-4 inhibition(isolated or combined)tackled NAFLD in dietinduced obese mice by restoration of gut-liver axis

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease High-fat diet Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4-inhibitor Dysbiosis Inflammation

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Abiotic stress on seed germination and plant growth of Zeyheria tuberculosa

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林业研究:英文版 2023年第5期34卷 1511-1522页

作者： Robson luis Silva de Medeiros Rinaldo Cesar de Paula Joao Vitor Oliveira de souza Joao Pedro Peixoto Fernandes Department of Agricultural Sciences School of Agricultural and Veterinarian SciencesSao Paulo State University(Unesp)14884-900JaboticabalSao PauloBrazil

Zeyheria tuberculosa(Vell.)Bureau ex *** among the Brazilian flora threatened with *** has high-quality wood and can be used to recover herbicidecontaminated ***,abiotic stresses can harm seed germination and seedling development under adverse conditions and need to be understood to improve autochthonous or indigenous biodiversity conservation and strengthen reforestation *** study evaluated the effects of temperature,water and saline stress on *** seed germination and water stress on seedling *** laboratory experiments evaluated germination under:(1)different temperatures(20,25,30,35 and 40℃);(2)different water potentials simulated with polyethylene glycol(PEG6000)at 25 and 30℃;and,(3)different osmotic potentials simulated with NaCl at 25 and 30℃.In addition,a greenhouse experiment subjected seedlings to five water regimes(20%,35%,50%,65%and 80%of maximum substrate water holding capacity).In the laboratory,seedling biometry and germination were evaluated,while physiological and morphological parameters were assessed in the *** potential of seeds increased at 25 and 30℃.Germination and vigor decreased as water and saline stresses *** tolerance thresholds for water and salt stresses were-0.6 and-0.4 MPa,*** the greenhouse,the most restrictive water regimes reduced seedling physiological and morphological *** development was compromised at moisture levels below50%field capacity.

关键词： Bignoniaceae Climate change Ipê-felpudo Ipê-preto Water stress

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Tubastraea coccinea: A Non-Indigenous Coral (Cnidaria, Scleractinia) Collected at Arvoredo Island, South of Brazil with Potential MRSA and VRE Antimicrobial Activity

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2016年第2期6卷 334-340页

作者： Éverson Miguel Bianco Simone Quintana de Oliveira Tatiana da Rosa guimarães Luiza Gabriela de souza Pessoa Maria Eduarda Alves Santos Felipe Dal-Pizzol Eloir Paulo Schenkel Flávio henrique Reginatto Departamento de Ciências do Mar Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo Campus Baixada Santista Santos Brazil Programa de Pós-Graduacao em Farmácia Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil Molecular Invertebrate and Systematics Ecology Laboratory Department of Biology Chemistry and Marine Sciences University of the Ryukyus Nishihara Japan Departamento de Clínica Médica Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Campus Universitário Trindade Florianópolis Brazil

Bacterial infection is considered to be one of the most critical health issues of the world. It is essential to overcome this problem by the development of new drugs. Marine organisms as corals, sponges, seaweeds, and other are an incredible source of novel pharmacologically active compounds. Herein, the antimicrobial activity (extract/fractions) of the invasive stony coralTubastraea coccinea was evaluated by the disk diffusion method against 21 microbial strains (ATCC and clinical strains). Micro broth dilution was used to determinate the MIC of the fractions that showed antimicrobial activity by the disk diffusion method. Bioautography assay was also performed. Our results showed that the n-butanol (BF) and aqueous fractions (AF) showed activity against ATCC strains Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 31.25 and 250 μg/mL),Salmonella typhimurium (MIC 125 and 500 μg/mL), escherichia coli (MIC 62.5 and 500 μg/mL) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC 62.5 and 500 μg/mL), respectively. Moreover, BF fraction was also effective against the clinical strains S. aureus(MIC 62.5 μg/mL), Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase—KPC (MIC 125 μg/mL), Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus—MRSA (MIC 125 μg/mL) and Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis—VRE (MIC 62.5 μg/mL). The ratio MBC/MIC reinforces the bactericidal profile of BF fraction. The bioautography assay of BF fraction showed the presence of antimicrobial components at Rf0.55.

关键词： Marine Natural Products Tubastraea coccinea Scleractinia Antimicrobial Activity Methicillin- Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE)

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