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Synthesis of Aluminum-doped Zinc oxide Nanowires Hydrothermally Grown on Plastic Substrate

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Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry 2012年第4期2卷 56-59页

作者： Concepción Mejía García Elvia Díaz Valdés Ana Ma. Paniagua Mercado Arturo f. Méndez Sánchez José A. Andraca Adame Velumani Subramaniam Josué Romero Ibarra Centro de Nanociencias y Micro y Nanotecnologías del IPN UPALM Luis Enrique Erro S/N México 07738 México Departamento de física Escuela Superior de Física y Matemáticas – IPN Edif. 9 UPALM Col. San Pedro Zacatenco Deleg. GAM México 07738 México Depto. de Ing. Eléctrica Sección de Estado Sólido Av. IPN No. 2508 Col. San Pedro Zacatenco México 07360 México

We report the synthesis of undoped Zno and Al-doped Zno (Zno:Al) nanowires grown using a two-step process: (a) preparation of the seed layer, and (b) growth of the nanostructures. In the first step,? 10 mM solutions of zinc acetate dihydrate and 1-propanol were spin coated on polyethylene terephthalate? (PET) substrate at 2000 rpm by 30 s. Vertical nanowires were then grown by dipping the substrates in an equimolar solution of zinc nitrate hexahydrate and hexamethylenetetramine. As doping source, aluminum nitrate nonahydrate powders were added in the solution. In the solutions, Al doping concentrations were established as 0.5 At %, 1.0 At %, 2.0 At % and 3.0 At %, respectively. The hydrothermal process were carried out with a commercially microwave at 140 W power setting. The nanowires were characterized optically and morphologically. XRD patterns show the presence of Zno, Zn(oH)2 and Zn6Al2o9. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the size of Zno nanowires was 50 nm in diameter. The undoped Zno and Zno:Al nanowires bandgap energy was obtained from optical transmission spectra.

关键词： Nanowires Zno Zno:Al Nanowires Spin Coating Hydrothermal Process

fungal diversity notes 111-252-taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa

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fungal Diversity 2015年第6期75卷 27-274页

作者： Hiran A.Ariyawansa Kevin D.Hyde Subashini C.Jayasiri Bart Buyck K.W.Thilini Chethana Dong Qin Dai Yu Cheng Dai Dinushani A.Daranagama Ruvishika S.Jayawardena Robert Lücking Masoomeh Ghobad-Nejhad Tuula Niskanen Kasun M.Thambugala Kerstin Voigt Rui Lin Zhao Guo-Jie Li Mingkwan Doilom Saranyaphat Boonmee Zhu L.Yang Qing Cai Yang-Yang Cui Ali H.Bahkali Jie Chen Bao Kai Cui Jia Jia Chen Monika C.Dayarathne Asha J.Dissanayake Anusha H.Ekanayaka Akira Hashimoto Sinang Hongsanan E.B.Gareth Jones Ellen Larsson Wen Jing Li Qi-Rui Li Jian Kui Liu Zong Long Luo Sajeewa S.N.Maharachchikumbura Ausana Mapook Eric H.C.McKenzie Chada Norphanphoun Sirinapa Konta Ka Lai Pang Rekhani H.Perera Rungtiwa Phookamsak Chayanard Phukhamsakda Umpava Pinruan Emile Randrianjohany Chonticha Singtripop Kazuaki Tanaka Cheng Ming Tian Saowaluck Tibpromma Mohamed A.Abdel-Wahab Dhanushka N.Wanasinghe Nalin N.Wijayawardene Jin-feng Zhang Huang Zhang faten A.Abdel-Aziz Mats Wedin Martin Westberg Joseph f.Ammirati Timur S.Bulgakov Diogo X.Lima Tony M.Callaghan Philipp Callac Cheng-Hao Chang luis f.Coca Manuela Dal-forno Veronika Dollhofer Kateřina fliegerová Katrin Greiner Gareth W.Griffith Hsiao-Man Ho Valerie Hofstetter Rajesh Jeewon Ji Chuan Kang Ting-Chi Wen Paul M.Kirk Ilkka Kytövuori James D.Lawrey Jia Xing Hong Li Zou Yi Liu Xing Zhong Liu Kare Liimatainen H.Thorsten Lumbsch Misato Matsumura Bibiana Moncada Salilaporn Nuankaew Sittiporn Parnmen AndréL.C.M.de Azevedo Santiago Sujinda Sommai Yu Song Carlos A.f.de Souza Cristina M.de Souza-Motta Hong Yan Su Satinee Suetrong Yong Wang Syuan-fong Wei Ting Chi Wen Hai Sheng Yuan Li Wei Zhou Martina Réblová Jacques fournier Erio Camporesi J.Jennifer Luangsa-ard Kanoksri Tasanathai Artit Khonsanit Donnaya Thanakitpipattana Sayanh Somrithipol Paul Diederich Ana M.Millanes Ralph S.Common Marc Stadler Ji Ye Yan XingHong Li Hye Won Lee Thi T.T.Nguyen Hyang Burm Lee Eliseo Battistin orlando Marsico Alfredo Vizzini Jordi Vila Enrico Ercole Ursula Eberhardt Giampaolo Simonini Hua-An Wen Xin-Hua Chen otto Mie Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology Guizhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuiyang 550006GuizhouChina Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming 650201YunnanChina Centre of Excellence in fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailan Département Systématique et Evolution CP 39ISYEBUMR 7205 CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHEMuséum National d’Histoire Naturelle12 Rue BuffonF-75005 ParisFrance Institute of Plant and Environment Protection Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesNo.9 of Shu Guang Hua Yuan Zhong LuHaidian DistrictBeijing 10097China Microbial Drugs Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research Inhoffenstrasse 738124 BraunschweigGermany Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart Rosenstein 1D-70191StuttgartGermany Institute of Microbiology Beijing Forestry UniversityPO Box 61Beijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of Mycology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesNo 31st West Beichen RoadChaoyang DistrictBeijing 100101China The Herbarium(ANDA) Universitas AndalasPadangSumatera Barat 25163Indonesia Botanischer Garten&Botanisches Museum Berlin Freie Universität BerlinKönigin-Luise-Straße 6-814195 BerlinGermany Department of Biotechnology Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology(IROST)P.O.Box 3353-5111Tehran ***Iran Jodrell Laboratory Royal Botanic GardensKew TW93DSUK Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology Jena Microbial Resource CollectionAdolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2307745 JenaGermany Department of Botany and Microbiology College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box:2455Riyadh 1145Saudi Arabia The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences Iwate University18-8 Ueda 3 ChomeMorioka 020-8550Japan faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences Hirosaki University3 Bunkyo-choHirosakiAomori 036-8561Japan Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of GothenburgBox 461SE

This paper is a compilation of notes on 142 fungal taxa,including five new families,20 new genera,and 100 new species,representing a wide taxonomic and geographic *** new families,Ascocylindricaceae,Caryosporaceae and Wicklowiaceae(Ascomycota)are introduced based on their distinct lineages and unique *** new Dothideomycete genera Pseudomassariosphaeria(Amniculicolaceae),Heracleicola,Neodidymella and Pseudomicrosphaeriopsis(Didymellaceae),Pseudopithomyces(Didymosphaeriaceae),Brunneoclavispora,Neolophiostoma and Sulcosporium(Halotthiaceae),Lophiohelichrysum(Lophiostomataceae),Galliicola,Populocrescentia and Vagicola(Phaeosphaeriaceae),Ascocylindrica(Ascocylindricaceae),Elongatopedicellata(Roussoellaceae),Pseudoasteromassaria(Latoruaceae)and Pseudomonodictys(Macrodiplodiopsidaceae)are *** newly described species of Dothideomycetes(Ascomycota)are Pseudomassariosphaeria bromicola(Amniculicolaceae),flammeascoma lignicola(Anteagloniaceae),Ascocylindrica marina(Ascocylindricaceae),Lembosia xyliae(Asterinaceae),Diplodia crataegicola and Diplodia galiicola(Botryosphaeriaceae),Caryospora aquatica(Caryosporaceae),Heracleicola premilcurensis and Neodidymella thailandicum(Didymellaceae),Pseudopithomyces palmicola(Didymosphaeriaceae),floricola viticola(floricolaceae),Brunneoclavispora bambusae,Neolophiostoma pigmentatum and Sulcosporium thailandica(Halotthiaceae),Pseudoasteromassaria fagi(Latoruaceae),Keissleriella dactylidicola(Lentitheciaceae),Lophiohelichrysum helichrysi(Lophiostomataceae),Aquasubmersa japonica(Lophiotremataceae),Pseudomonodictys tectonae(Macrodiplodiopsidaceae),Microthyrium buxicola and Tumidispora shoreae(Microthyriaceae),Alloleptosphaeria clematidis,Allophaeosphaeria cytisi,Allophaeosphaeria subcylindrospora,Dematiopleospora luzulae,Entodesmium artemisiae,Galiicola pseudophaeosphaeria,Loratospora luzulae,Nodulosphaeria senecionis,ophiosphaerella aquaticus,Populocrescentia forlicesenensis and Vagicola vagans(Phaeosphaeriaceae),Elon

关键词： fungi Taxonomy New genus New species Phylogeny

What is the optimal level of vitamin D in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease population?

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World Journal of Nephrology 2016年第5期5卷 471-481页

作者： Pablo Molina JoséL Górriz Mariola D Molina Sandra Beltrán Belén Vizcaíno Verónica Escudero Julia Kanter Ana Iávila Jordi Bover Elvira fernández Javier Nieto Secundino Cigarrán Enrique Gruss Gema fernández-Juárez Alberto Martínez-Castelao Juan f Navarro-González Ramón Romero luis M Pallardó Department of Nephrology Dr Peset University Hospital46017 ValenciaSpain Department of Medicine Universitat de València46005 ValenciaSpain Department of Mathematics Universidad de AlicanteSan Vicente del Raspeig03690 AlicanteSpain Department of Nephrology FundacióPuigvert080348 BarcelonaSpain Department of Nephrology Hospital Uni-versitari de LleidaIRBlleida(Institut de Reserca Biomèdica de Lleida)25198 LleidaSpain Department of Nephrology Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real13005 Ciudad RealSpain Department of Nephrology Hospital da Costa Burela7880 LugoSpain Department of Nephrology Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón28922 MadridSpain Department of Nephrology Hospital Universitario de BeellvitgeIDIBELLL'Hospitalet de Llobregat08907 BarcelonaSpain Research Unit and Department of Nephrology University Hospital Nuestra Senora de Candelaria38010 Santa Cruz de TenerifeSpain Department of Medicine Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona08193 BarcelonaSpain

AIM To evaluate thresholds for serum 25(oH)D concentrations in relation to death, kidney progression and hospitalization in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease(CKD) *** four hundred and seventy non-dialysis 3-5 stage CKD patients participating in oSERCE-2 study, a prospective, multicenter, cohort study, were prospectively evaluated and categorized into 3 groups according to 25(oH)D levels at enrollment(less than 20 ng/mL, between 20 and 29 ng/mL, and at or above 30 ng/mL), considering 25(oH)D between 20 and 29 ng/mL as reference group. Association between 25(oH)D levels and death(primary outcome), and time to first hospitalization and renal progression(secondary outcomes) over a 3-year followup, were assessed by Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox-proportional hazard models. To identify 25(oH)D levels at highest risk for outcomes, receiver operating characteristic(RoC) curves were *** over 29 ± 12 mo of follow-up, 46(10%) patients dead, 156(33%) showed kidney progression, and 126(27%) were hospitalized. After multivariate adjustment, 25(oH)D or of all-cause mortality(HR = 2.33; 95%CI: 1.10-4.91; P = 0.027) and kidney progression(HR = 2.46; 95%CI: 1.63-3.71; P oup with 25(oH)D at or above 30 ng/mL did not have a different hazard for outcomes from the reference group. Hospitalization outcomes were predicted by 25(oH) levels(HR = 0.98; 95%CI: 0.96-1.00; P = 0.027) in the unadjusted Cox proportional hazards model, but not after multivariate adjusting. RoC curves identified 25(oH)D levels at highest risk for death, kidney progression, and hospitalization, at 17.4 ng/mL [area under the curve(AUC) = 0.60; 95%CI: 0.685-0.69; P = 0.027], 18.6 ng/mL(AUC = 0.65; 95%CI: 0.60-0.71; P oH)D or of death and progression in patients with stage 3-5 CKD, with no addit

关键词： Vitamin D Chronic kidney disease Mortality Renal progression Hospitalization

浅谈西班牙中型城市绿色基础设施战略如何为公众健康带来福祉:拉科鲁尼亚案例分析

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风景园林 2013年第6期20卷 78-87页

作者：佩德罗·卡尔拉萨·马汀尼兹路易斯·里贝罗邝嘉儒拉科鲁尼亚大学加利西亚景观学院加利西亚农业工程学院里斯本科技大学农业高级学院里斯本科技大学风景园林系广州大学外国语学院

绿色基础设施建设是一个强大的多尺度规划战略,它在全球范围内正以迅猛之势蓬勃发展,并形成了一个能够带来多种利益的复杂系统(法布士,1995;兹欧拉斯,2007,等),包括公众的健康与福利。证据表明,它能提高生活质量,改善心理健康问题,增加... 详细信息

绿色基础设施建设是一个强大的多尺度规划战略,它在全球范围内正以迅猛之势蓬勃发展,并形成了一个能够带来多种利益的复杂系统(法布士,1995;兹欧拉斯,2007,等),包括公众的健康与福利。证据表明,它能提高生活质量,改善心理健康问题,增加幸福感。在这一战略中,绿色基础设施的选址、大小、质量以及可达性对于公众健康的改善有至关重要的作用。西班牙的拉科鲁尼亚市是一个高密度中型城市,这一案例值得人们关注。关于该市现状及新总体规划的研究阐明了应该如何通过运用景观生态原则来改善绿色规划、增加其带来的尤其是关于公众健康的利益。以SWoT研究为基础,本文将对该案例的不足进行解释说明,并思考其在绿色基础设施战略、实施过程以及设计方案中的影响。目前,已有众多研究突出了在类似于拉科鲁尼亚市的密集城市中整合与实施这些规划战略的必要性,因为它们能够改善公众健康,生活质量与景观,并作为一个有竞争力的全球优势发挥作用。本研究将阐述区域性规划在增强城市网络(西班牙北部)的空间连续性,继而将其开放至大西洋方面的必要性。

关键词：绿色基础设施公众健康景观规划中型城市绿色空间福利

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阿米巴住宅圣保罗市

世界建筑导报 2021年第5期36卷 24-25页

作者：路易斯·劳尔·恩里克斯·蒙蒂尔 Javier Senosiain(摄影) francisco Lubbert(摄影) Mario Mutschlechner(摄影) 塞诺西安禓建筑师事务所不详

该住宅距离圣保罗市120公里处,位于一个有高尔夫球场的封闭式社区中,周围植被茂盛。住宅场地朝北,可以俯瞰高尔夫球场。四周都有建筑限制。该项目要求在明确划定的空间内划分三个明显不同的公共区域:厨房、电视室和游戏室。解决方案是... 详细信息

该住宅距离圣保罗市120公里处,位于一个有高尔夫球场的封闭式社区中,周围植被茂盛。住宅场地朝北,可以俯瞰高尔夫球场。四周都有建筑限制。该项目要求在明确划定的空间内划分三个明显不同的公共区域:厨房、电视室和游戏室。解决方案是一层有三个支点或“腿”,连接非常开放的区域:餐厅和客厅,两者都有不间断的交叉视野,可以看到高尔夫球场和房子周围的地面。

关键词：高尔夫球场公共区域圣保罗市阿米巴住宅

In silico evidence of Remdesivir action in blood coagulation cascade modulation in CoVID-19 treatment

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World Journal of Biological Chemistry 2023年第4期14卷 72-83页

作者： luis Gustavo Pagliarin Lucca Miketen de oliveira Valentina Nunes fontoura dos Anjos Cristiano de Bem Torquato de Souza Gabrielle Caroline Peiter Cinthia façanha Wendel Anderson Dillmann Groto fabrício freire de Melo Kádima Nayara Teixeira Campus Toledo Universidade Federal do ParanáToledo 85.919-899ParanáBrazil Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular-Setor Palotina Universidade Federal do ParanáPalotina 85.950-000ParanáBrazil Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde-Campus Anísio Teixeira Universidade Federal da BahiaVitória da Conquista 45.029-094BahiaBrazil

BACKGRoUND Coronavirus disease 2019(CoVID-19)has demonstrated several clinical manifestations which include not only respiratory system issues but also liver,kidney,and other organ *** of these abnormalities is coagulopathies,including thrombosis and disseminated intravascular *** of this,the administration of low molecular weight heparin is required for patients that need to be *** addition,Remdesivir is an antiviral that was used against Middle East Acute Respiratory Syndrome,Ebola,Acute Respiratory Syndrome,and other diseases,showing satisfactory results on ***,there is evidence suggesting that this medication can provide a better prognosis for patients with *** To investigate in silico the interaction between Remdesivir and clotting factors,pursuing a possibility of using it as *** In this in silico study,the 3D structures of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2),factor I(fibrinogen),factor II(prothrombin),factor III(thromboplastin),factor V(proaccelerin),factor VII(proconvertin),factor VIII(antihemophilic factor A),factor IX(antihemophilic factor B),factor X(Stuart-Prower factor),and factor XI(precursor of thromboplastin(these structures are technically called receptors)were selected from the Protein Data *** structures of the antivirals Remdesivir and osetalmivir(these structures are called ligands)were selected from the PubChem database,while the structure of Atazanavir was selected from the ZINC *** software AutoDock Tools(ADT)was used to prepare the receptors for molecular ***,peptides,water molecules,and other ones were removed from each ligand,and then,hydrogen atoms were added to the *** grid box was delimited and calculated using the same software ADT.A physiological environment with pH 7.4 is needed to make the ligands interact with the receptors,and still the software Marvin sketch®(ChemAxon®)was used to forecast the protonation *** perform m

关键词： Clotting factors Coagulating blood cascade CoVID-19 treatment Remdesivir SARS-CoV-2

Interleukin 28B-related polymorphisms: A pathway for understanding hepatitis C virus infection?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第42期19卷 7399-7404页

作者： Raquel francine Liermann Garcia Simone Moreira Ana Lucia de Araújo Ramos Leslie Ecker ferreira Angelo Alves de Mattos Cristiane Valle Tovo Lysandro Alsina Nader Juliene Antonio Ramos Edson Rondinelli Arnaldo de Jesus Dominici Christian Evangelista Garcia Mauro de Souza Leite Pinho Carlos Eduardo Brando-Mello Cristiane Alves Villela-Nogueira Paulo Henrique Condeixa de frana Departamento de Medicina Universidade da Regio de Joinville/UnivilleJoinville89219-719 Santa CatarinaBrazil Departamento de Clinica Médica e Cirurgia Geral Hospital Municipal So José Joinville89202-000 Santa CatarinaBrazil Departamento de Clínica Médica Servio de HepatologiaFaculdade de Medicina/Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro21941-913 Rio de JaneiroBrazil Servio de Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia/ISCMPAPorto Alegre90020-090 Rio Grande do SulBrazil Servio de Endoscopia Universidade Federal de Pelotas/UFPelPelotas96010-610 Rio Grande do SulBrazil Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas filho/UfRJ 21941-902 Rio de JaneiroBrazil Departamento de Gastroenterologia Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Maranh o/UFMASo Luis65020-560 MaranhoBrazil Servio de Gastroenterologia Hospital Universitário Gaffrée Guinle/HUGG/UNIRIO20270-004 Rio de JaneiroBrazil

AIM:To analyze the role of rs12979860 and rs8099917polymorphisms in hepatitis C virus(HCV)genotype 1infection of ***:A total of 145 adult patients diagnosed with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C(CHC)who had completed a 48-wk regimen of pegylated-interferonα-2a or-2b plus ribavirin combination therapy were recruited from six large urban healthcare centers and199 healthy blood donors(controls)from a single site between January 2010 and January *** on the patients’response to treatment was *** chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism genotyping of the interleukin(IL)28B gene fragment encompassing the single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)rs12979860(C/T)and rs8099917(T/G)was carried out for 79 of the CHC patients and 199 of the ***-directional amplicon sequencing of the two SNPs was carried out for the remaining 66 CHC ***:SNP rs12979860 genotyping was successful in 99.5%of the controls and 97.2%of the CHC patients,whereas the SNP rs8099917 genotyping was successful in 95.5%of the controls and 100%of the CHC *** genotype and allele distributions for both rs12979860 and rs8099917 were significantly different between the control and CHC patient groups,with significantly higher genotype frequencies of CC and TT in the controls(P=0.037 and 0.046,respectively)and of TT and GG in the CHC patients(P=0.0009and 0.0001,respectively).Analysis of the CHC patients who achieved sustained virological response(SVR)to treatment(n=55)indicated that the rs12979860 C allele and CC genotype were predictors of SVR(P=0.02).No significant correlation was found between rs8099917 genotypes and treatment response,but carriers of the T allele showed significantly higher rates of SVR(P=0.02).Linkage disequilibrium analysis of the group that achieved SVR showed a significant association between rs12979860 and rs8099917(P=0.07).CoNCLUSIoN:The higher allele frequency of rs12979860 C and rs8099917 T observed in non-HCVinfec

关键词： Hepatitis C Interleukin 28B Single nucleotide polymorphisms Sustained virological response Brazil

Principles for managing marine ecosystems prone to tipping points

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2015年第5期1卷 15-32页

作者： Kimberly A.Selkoe Thorsten Blenckner Margaret R.Caldwell Larry B.Crowder Ashley L.Erickson Timothy E.Essington James A.Estes Rod M.fujita Benjamin S.Halpern Mary E.Hunsicker Carrie V.Kappel Ryan P.Kelly John N.Kittinger Phillip S.Levin John M.Lynham Megan E.Mach Rebecca G.Martone Lindley A.Mease Anne KSalomon Jameal f.Samhouri Courtney Scarborough Adrian C.Stier Crow White Joy Zedler National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis 735 State StreetSuite 300Santa BarbaraCalifornia 93101 USA Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology University of HawaiiKaneoheHawaii 96744 USA Stockholm Resilience Centre Stockholm UniversityKra¨ftriket 2B10691 StockholmSweden Center for ocean Solutions Stanford Woods Institute for the EnvironmentStanford University473 Via Ortega Room 193StanfordCalifornia 94305 USA School of Aquatic and fishery Sciences University of WashingtonSeattleWashington 98195 USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology 100 Shaffer RoadUniversity of CaliforniaSanta CruzCalifornia 95060 USA Environmental Defense fund 123 Mission Street28th FloorSan FranciscoCalifornia 94105 USA Bren School of Environmental Science and Management University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCalifornia 93106 USA Imperial College London Silwood Park CampusBuckhurst RoadAscot SL57PY United Kingdom School of Marine and Environmental Affairs University of Washington3707 Brooklyn Avenue NESeattleWashington 98105-6715 USA Conservation International Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science and Oceans7192 Kalaniana‘ole HighwaySuite G230HonoluluHawaii 96825 USA Conservation Biology Division Northwest Fisheries Science CenterNational Marine Fisheries ServiceNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration2725 Montlake Boulevard EastSeattleWashington 98112 USA Department of Economics University of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHawaii 96822 USA School of Resource and Environmental Management Simon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish Columbia V5A1S6 Canada Department of Biological Sciences California Polytechnic State UniversitySan Luis ObispoCalifornia 93407 USA Botany Department University of WisconsinMadisonWisconsin 53706 USA

As climatic changes and human uses intensify,resource managers and other decision makers are taking actions to either avoid or respond to ecosystem tipping points,or dramatic shifts in structure and function that are often costly and hard to *** indicates that explicitly addressing tipping points leads to improved management *** on theory and examples from marine systems,we distill a set of seven principles to guide effective management in ecosystems with tipping points,derived from the best available *** principles are based on observations that tipping points(1)are possible everywhere,(2)are associated with intense and/or multifaceted human use,(3)may be preceded by changes in earlywarning indicators,(4)may redistribute benefits among stakeholders,(5)affect the relative costs of action and inaction,(6)suggest biologically informed management targets,and(7)often require an adaptive response to *** suggest that early action to preserve system resilience is likely more practical,affordable,and effective than late action to halt or reverse a tipping *** articulate a conceptual approach to management focused on linking management targets to thresholds,tracking early-warning signals of ecosystem instability,and stepping up investment in monitoring and mitigation as the likelihood of dramatic ecosystem change *** approach can simplify and economize management by allowing decision makers to capitalize on the increasing value of precise information about threshold relationships when a system is closer to tipping or by ensuring that restoration effort is sufficient to tip a system into the desired regime.

关键词： critical transition ecosystem-based management marine spatial planning nonlinear relationships restoration ecology stakeholder engagement

2019年全球、地区和国家5岁以下儿童呼吸道合胞病毒引发急性下呼吸道感染疾病负担研究的系统分析

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中国病毒病杂志 2023年第2期13卷 81-95页

作者： You Li Xin Wang Dianna M.Blau Mauricio T.Caballero Daniel R.feikin Christopher J.Gill Shabir A.Madhi Saad B.omer Eric A.f Simoes Harry Campbell Ana Bermejo Pariente Darmaa Bardach Quique Bassat Jean-Sebastien Casalegno Giorgi Chakhunashvili Nigel Crawford Daria Danilenko Lien Anh Ha Do Marcela Echavarria Angela Gentile Aubree Gordon Terho Heikkinen QSue Huang Sophie Jullien Anand Krishnan Eduardo luis Lopez Josko Markic Ainara Mira-Iglesias Hannah CMoore Jocelyn Moyes Lawrence Mwananyanda DJames Nokes faseeha Noordeen Evangeline obodai Nandhini Palani Candice Romero Vahid Salimi Ashish Satav Euri Seo Zakhar Shchomak Rosalyn Singleton Kirill Stolyarov Sonia K Stoszek Anne von Gottberg Danielle Wurzel Lay-Myint Yoshida Chee fu Yung Heather J Zar Harish Nair 张甜甜从兵兵邓舒予不详南京医科大学公共卫生学院江苏南京211166

背景呼吸道合胞病毒(respiratory syncytial virus,RSV)是引起婴幼儿急性下呼吸道感染最常见的病原体。此前估计,2015年全球60月龄以下儿童共发生3 310万次RSV相关急性下呼吸道感染,导致118 200人死亡。此后,几项社区监测研究获得了对RS... 详细信息

背景呼吸道合胞病毒(respiratory syncytial virus,RSV)是引起婴幼儿急性下呼吸道感染最常见的病原体。此前估计,2015年全球60月龄以下儿童共发生3 310万次RSV相关急性下呼吸道感染,导致118 200人死亡。此后,几项社区监测研究获得了对RSV相关社区死亡的更精确估计。本文旨在更新2019年全球、地区和国家层面60月龄以下儿童RSV相关急性下呼吸道感染的发病率和死亡率,重点关注总体死亡率和在研RSV免疫制剂针对的更窄的婴儿年龄组。方法检索获得MEDLINE、Embase、Global Health、CINAHL、Web of Science、LILACS、openGrey、中国知网、万方和维普数据库2017—2020年发表文献中的新数据,并纳入RSV GEN合作者提供的未发表数据,以扩展全球RSV疾病负担数据集。纳入的研究符合以下条件:报告了社区中或需要住院治疗的60月龄以下儿童RSV原发性急性下呼吸道感染的数据;报告了至少连续12个月的数据,但院内病死率或RSV季节性定义明确的地区除外;报告了RSV相关急性下呼吸道感染的发病率、住院率、院内病死率或急性下呼吸道感染住院的RSV阳性比例。如果病例定义不明或应用不一致、RSV感染未经实验室确认或仅基于血清学检测、报告的急性下呼吸道感染病例少于50例,则排除该研究。本研究应用广义线性混合效应模型(generalized linear mixed-effects model,GLMM)估计了2019年全球和地区(按国家发展状况和世界银行收入分类)RSV相关急性下呼吸道感染的发病率、住院率和院内病死率;通过基于危险因素的模型估计了国家层面RSV相关急性下呼吸道感染的发病率;通过GLMM开发了新模型,纳入最新的RSV社区死亡率数据,用于估计RSV的总体死亡率。本综述已在PRoSPERo注册(CRD42021252400)。结果除了先前综述中纳入的317项研究外,还纳入了113项符合条件的新研究以及51项未发表的研究,共计481项研究。据估计,2019年全球60月龄以下儿童中,共发生3 300万(置信区间为2 540万~4 460万)次RSV相关急性下呼吸道感染,导致360万(290万~460万)例住院、26 300(15 100~49 100)例院内死亡以及101 400(84 500~125 200)例可归因于RSV的总死亡数。在0~6个月的婴儿中,共发生660万(460万~970万)次RSV相关急性下呼吸道感染,导致140万(100万~200万)例住院、13 300(6 800~28 100)例院内死亡以及45 700(38 400~55 900)例可归因于RSV的总死亡数。60月龄以下和28 d~6月龄儿童的死亡中分别有2.0%(置信区间为1.6%~2.4%)和3.6%(3.0%~4.4%)归因于RSV。在各年龄组中,95%以上的RSV相关急性下呼吸道感染事件和97%以上的可归因于RSV的死亡事件都发生在中低收入国家。结论 RSV显著增加了全球60月龄以下儿童的发病和死亡负担,尤其是在出生后前6个月和中低收入国家。本研究强调了全球RSV疾病的总体死亡率负担,60月龄以下儿童中,每50例死亡就有1例可归因于RSV;28 d至6个月大的婴儿中,每28例死亡就有1例可归因于RSV。每1例RSV相关急性下呼吸道感染院内死亡,对应社区中约3例可归因于RSV的死亡。对6月龄内婴儿提供保护的RSV被动免疫计划有望对减轻RSV疾病负担,但实施计划时,仍需要更多数据来了解RSV疾病负担高峰可能向大龄转移的影响。

关键词：呼吸道合胞病毒下呼吸道感染儿童疾病负担住院发病率死亡率病死率模型估计系统分析