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Integrated management of natural resources in the Ecuador Highlands

Agricultural Sciences 2012年第5期3卷 768-779页

作者： Víctor Hugo Barrera luis orlando escudero Jeffrey Alwang Robert Andrade Gordon INIAP Quito Ecuador Institute Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg Virginia USA Institute Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VirRobert ginia USA

The Andean region of Ecuador is characterized by extreme poverty caused by low agricultural productivity, limited off-farm opportunities, and lack of access to markets. Poverty is related to degradation of natural resources as lagging agricultural productivity leads to incursions into fragile areas and use of erosive farming techniques on steeply sloped hillsides. Food production in fragile areas degrades soil and water resources, contributes to deforestation and loss of biodiversity, and reduces productive potential over time. This article discusses an agricultural development project designed to reduce the long-term downward development spiral in a watershed in Bolivar, Ecuador. The applied research program began with analysis of the state of soil resources, water, and biodiversity in the Chimbo sub-watershed. This information was used to design a plan with the input of local stakeholders to introduce environmentally friendly farming practices, soil and water conservation techniques, and various institutional innovations to promote resource conservation. This adaptive management program has been a solid success. This article describes the project, the challenges it faced, and how the process of adaptive management led to consensus among stakeholders about the appropriateness of sustainable management practices. We show how implementation of enhanced management practices contribute to reduced environmental vulnerability and improved welfare.

关键词： Component Natural Capital Micro-Watershed Systems Approach Adaptive and Integrated Watershed Management

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T_3-induced liver AMP-activated protein kinase signaling:Redox dependency and upregulation of downstream targets

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第46期20卷 17416-17425页

作者： luis A Videla Virginia Fernández Pamela Cornejo Romina Vargas Paula Morales Juan Ceballo Alvaro Fischer Nicolás escudero Oscar Escobar Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program Institute of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ChileIndependencia 1027SantiagoChile School of Medical Technology Faculty of MedicineDiego Portales UniversityEjército 141SantiagoChile

AIM: To investigate the redox dependency and promotion of downstream targets in thyroid hormone (T3)-induced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling as cellular energy sensor to limit metabolic stresses in the l... 详细信息

关键词： Liver Thyroid hormone N-acetylcysteine AMP-activated protein kinase Fatty acid oxidation

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Proline and Oxidative Metabolism in Young Pecan Trees Associated with Sulphate Accumulation

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2022年第6期91卷 1141-1152页

作者： Dalila Jacqueline escudero-Almanza Oscar Cruz-Alvarez Ofelia Adriana Hernández-Rodríguez Juan luis Jacobo-Cuellar Esteban Sánchez-Chávez Pablo Preciado-Rángel Dámaris Leopoldina Ojeda-Barrios Facultad de Ciencias Agrotecnológicas Universidad Autónoma de ChihuahuaChihuahua31350México Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C.Delicias33088México InstitutoTecnologico Nacional de México-Instituto Tecnológico de Torreón Coahuila27170México

Pecan[Carya illinoinensis(Wangenh.)***.]is a deciduous tree whose fruits(nuts)are of high economic value and offer excellent nutritional ***,soils high in sulphates can limit its growth and *** with 5-year-old trees of‘Western Schley’pecan grown in soils high in sulphates,the levels of proline and oxidative metabolism were recorded in the *** showed that different levels of visible leaflet damage(‘sufficiency’,‘low’,‘moderate’or‘severe’)were associated with different levels of leaflet sulphates(mg kg^(−1)):‘sufficiency’(≤40),‘low’(41–60),‘moderate’(61–80)and‘severe’(80–100).‘Severe’sulphate damage was associated with significant reductions in chlorophyll(TChl)(17.04μg g^(−1)),relative water content(RWC)(50%)and leaf area(LA),and with increases in the concentrations of total carotenoids(TC)and proline(Prl).Increases were also observed in the activities of the oxidative metabolism enzymes:superoxide dismutase(SOD)(1.82 units min^(−1) g^(−1)),catalase(CAT)(2.86μmol H_(2)O_(2) min^(−1) g^(−1))and antioxidant capacity(AC)(87%DPPH inhibition).However,guaiacol peroxidase(GP)showed a reduction(2.97 nmol GSH min^(−1) g^(−1)).An inverse relationship was found between the sulphate concentration in the leaflets with respect to the evaluated parameters of TChl,TC,RWC,LA,AC,and *** synthesis and antioxidant enzymatic activity indicate salt stress in pecan leaflets in orchards irrigated with deep-well water high in sulphates.

关键词： Carya illinoinensis catalase guaiacol peroxidase salt stress photosynthetic pigments superoxide dismutase

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Surgical Treatment of Central Giant Cell Granuloma with Carnoy’s Solution

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2020年第8期8卷 67-78页

作者： Miguel Ángel Garcés-Villalá Sergio David Rico Mariano escudero-Pinel José luis Calvo-Guirado Department of Implant and Biomaterial Research Fundación Corazón de Jesús San Juan Argentina Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry Faculty of Health Sciences Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia Murcia Espa&ntilde a

A 25-year-old woman presented a unilateral mandibular swelling, after laboratory analysis, radiological studies and aspiration puncture biopsy, the pathological diagnosis of Central Giant Cell Granuloma was made. Radiographically, the multilocular lesion involved the left lower first molar and was 30 mm long by 20 mm high. Dental extraction of the molar involved with forceps and exeresis in toto of the tumor were performed using a Volkmann cutting curette. The tumor made up of 90% vascular tissue produced intra-surgical bleeding that made visibility difficult. The bone bed curettage was aggressive except for its base in direct contact with the inferior dental nerve. Subsequently, to avoid recurrence, the surgical protocol includes a double irrigation with Carnoy’s solution, (fixative composed of 60% ethanol, 30% chloroform and 10% glacial acetic acid 98%) for 5 minutes that produces chemical cauterization. Finally, it was washed with physiological solution and the cavity was filled with iodoformed gauze. The gauze was exchanged and removed gradually over three weeks for second intention healing. This case is presented to demonstrate that inexpensive chemical treatment can be safely used for outpatient surgery under local anesthesia. Because Carnoy’s solution achieved control of intraoperative bleeding, allowed bone healing and prevented recurrence of the lesion in clinical radiographic follow-up for 15 years.

关键词： Central Giant Cell Granuloma Carnoy’s Solution Conservative Surgical Treatment

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Characterization and Classification of Agricultural Production Systems in the Galapagos Islands (Ecuador)

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Agricultural Sciences 2021年第5期12卷 481-502页

作者： Víctor Barrera Álvaro Monteros-Altamirano Marilú Valverde luis escudero Joanna Allauca Angélica Zapata Estación Experimental Santa Catalina Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP) Quito Ecuador Researchers at the Centro de Bioconocimiento y Desarrollo Agrario CBDA Galapagos INIAP San Cristobal Island GalapagosEcuador

The low level of agricultural productivity within the production systems in the insular region of Galapagos is caused by the lack of sustainable technologies accordingly to the insular conservation regime. As a consequence, producers face low productivity and economic losses, which result in low levels of incomes and hasten the change from agricultural to tourist activities. With consequent abandonment of productive lands, the presence of invasive species and pathogens has become a growing threat to the biodiversity of the Galapagos National Park. For this reason, it is necessary to generate and disseminate technologies adapted to the prevalent production systems in the islands. Primary data were collected through face-to-face surveys in a sample of 208 producers from 4 islands during the period from July to November 2018. Multivariate analyses (principal components and cluster) were applied to characterize and classify typical agricultural production systems. The results show three types of systems, differentiated mainly by the technology used in the management of agricultural production, that influence the yields of crops and of animal products such as beef and milk, which cannot satisfy the demand for food on the islands, which has created the dependence on imports to cover the production gap. The definition of the types of agricultural production systems can help in identifying sustainable production alternatives that integrate local social and environmental needs. This is one of the very few technical descriptions of farms on the islands and should be used by policymakers to plan interventions.

关键词： Agricultural Productivity Types of Systems Biodiversity Multivariate Analysis

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Evaluation of Two Highly Porous Microcrystalline Biphasic Calcium Phosphate-Based Bone Grafts for Bone Regeneration: An Experimental Study in Rabbits

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2020年第6期8卷 8-30页

作者： Miguel Ángel Garcés-Villalá Sergio David Rico Sergio Gustavo Nazar Mariano escudero-Pinel Víctor Galván-Josa José luis Calvo-Guirado Department of Implant and Biomaterial Research Fundación Corazón de Jesús San Juan Argentina Facultad de Matemática Astronomía y Física Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Córdoba Argentina Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry Faculty of Health Sciences Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia Murcia Spain

A biphasic bone grafting biomaterial based on a mixture of calcium phosphates and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) phases with high nanoporosity was synthesized. The synthesis route was based on calcium phosphate composition and the incorporation of glycolic acid as a pore former, giving a material composed of 97% β-TCP and 3% calcium orthophosphates (CaPO4). An in vitro study of the purity, microstructure, crystalline domain, and pores size for the material obtained was performed by SEM analysis as well as full structural characterization. The region of interest related to the surface was determined by the specific surface area measured with the BET method. In vivo evaluation of bone response was performed by implanting the new low-cost biphasic manufacturing material synthesized in this work, which was compared with a biphasic material of similar chemical and microstructural composition existing in the commercial market and with higher cost called Synergy Odontit® β-TCP. The materials were implanted separately into 5 mm diameter defects in the tibias of New Zealand White rabbits at 30, 60, and 90 days. The results obtained showed that the host tissue well accepted the new biphasic material;the presence of new bone formation was observed. A more complete resorption was observed for the new microcrystalline biphasic material compared to for a commercial β-TCP material.

关键词： Microcrystalline Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate Ceramic Bone Graft Glycolic Acid

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Soybean Flour Improves Fatty Acid Profile and Decreases Hepatic Triglyceride Deposition in Rats Fed with Normocaloric and Hypercaloric Diet

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2015年第14期6卷 1245-1257页

作者： Gabriela S. Razzeto Viviana R. Lucero López Carlos A. Marra luis A. Scardapane Nora L. escudero María S. Gimenez Department of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences Faculty of Chemistry Biochemistry and Pharmacy National University of San Luis San Luis Argentina INIBIOLP CONICET-UNLP Faculty of Medical Sciences National University of La Plata La Plata Argentina

This study investigated the effects of replacing casein with soy flour on the fatty acids profile and triglycerides metabolism in the liver of rats that were previously fed with normocaloric and hypercaloric diets based on casein. Wistar male rats were used;one group was fed with control diet (AIN-93) and another with hypercaloric diet (AIN-93 with 34.15% sucrose, 42% fat calories) for 9 weeks. Each group was then divided into two subgroups and casein was replaced with soybean in one of them, obtaining CC (control casein), CS (control soy), HC (hypercaloric casein) and HS (hypercaloric soy), which were fed for 6 weeks. We measured triglycerides in serum, and triglycerides, total lipids, fatty acids profile, the expression of apolipoprotein B (Apo B), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), sterol-regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (mGPAT), diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT-2), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha (PPARα) in liver. Histological studies were also performed. When comparing HS vs. HC, a positive effect of soybean flour on hepatic triglycerides deposits was found, possibly through the reduction in DGAT-2 expression (P < 0.01) and the increase in Apo B (P < 0.001) expression. Soybean flour also decreased fat deposits in control diets when compared with casein, decreasing the DGAT-2 (P < 0.001) expression and increasing Apo B (P < 0.001), CPT-1 (P < 0.05) and PPARα (P < 0.01) expressions. Both soy diet subgroups increased unsaturated fatty acids respect to casein diets (P < 0.01). Hepatocytes showed few lipid droplets in HS, whereas a fat deposit in HC was observed. These results suggest that replacing casein with soybean flour in normocaloric and hypercaloric diets reduces triglycerides and improves fatty acids profile in rat liver.

关键词： Soybean Flour Normocaloric and Hypercaloric Diets Fatty Acids Triglyceride Metabolism Rat Liver

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What is the optimal level of vitamin D in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease population?

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World Journal of Nephrology 2016年第5期5卷 471-481页

作者： Pablo Molina JoséL Górriz Mariola D Molina Sandra Beltrán Belén Vizcaíno Verónica escudero Julia Kanter Ana Iávila Jordi Bover Elvira Fernández Javier Nieto Secundino Cigarrán Enrique Gruss Gema Fernández-Juárez Alberto Martínez-Castelao Juan F Navarro-González Ramón Romero luis M Pallardó Department of Nephrology Dr Peset University Hospital46017 ValenciaSpain Department of Medicine Universitat de València46005 ValenciaSpain Department of Mathematics Universidad de AlicanteSan Vicente del Raspeig03690 AlicanteSpain Department of Nephrology FundacióPuigvert080348 BarcelonaSpain Department of Nephrology Hospital Uni-versitari de LleidaIRBlleida(Institut de Reserca Biomèdica de Lleida)25198 LleidaSpain Department of Nephrology Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real13005 Ciudad RealSpain Department of Nephrology Hospital da Costa Burela7880 LugoSpain Department of Nephrology Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón28922 MadridSpain Department of Nephrology Hospital Universitario de BeellvitgeIDIBELLL'Hospitalet de Llobregat08907 BarcelonaSpain Research Unit and Department of Nephrology University Hospital Nuestra Senora de Candelaria38010 Santa Cruz de TenerifeSpain Department of Medicine Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona08193 BarcelonaSpain

AIM To evaluate thresholds for serum 25(OH)D concentrations in relation to death, kidney progression and hospitalization in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease(CKD) *** Four hundred and seventy non-dialysis 3-5 stage CKD patients participating in OSERCE-2 study, a prospective, multicenter, cohort study, were prospectively evaluated and categorized into 3 groups according to 25(OH)D levels at enrollment(less than 20 ng/mL, between 20 and 29 ng/mL, and at or above 30 ng/mL), considering 25(OH)D between 20 and 29 ng/mL as reference group. Association between 25(OH)D levels and death(primary outcome), and time to first hospitalization and renal progression(secondary outcomes) over a 3-year followup, were assessed by Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox-proportional hazard models. To identify 25(OH)D levels at highest risk for outcomes, receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves were *** Over 29 ± 12 mo of follow-up, 46(10%) patients dead, 156(33%) showed kidney progression, and 126(27%) were hospitalized. After multivariate adjustment, 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality(HR = 2.33; 95%CI: 1.10-4.91; P = 0.027) and kidney progression(HR = 2.46; 95%CI: 1.63-3.71; P < 0.001), whereas the group with 25(OH)D at or above 30 ng/mL did not have a different hazard for outcomes from the reference group. Hospitalization outcomes were predicted by 25(OH) levels(HR = 0.98; 95%CI: 0.96-1.00; P = 0.027) in the unadjusted Cox proportional hazards model, but not after multivariate adjusting. ROC curves identified 25(OH)D levels at highest risk for death, kidney progression, and hospitalization, at 17.4 ng/mL [area under the curve(AUC) = 0.60; 95%CI: 0.685-0.69; P = 0.027], 18.6 ng/mL(AUC = 0.65; 95%CI: 0.60-0.71; P < 0.001), and 19.0 ng/m L(AUC = 0.56; 95%CI: 0.50-0.62; P = 0.048), ***25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL was an independent predictor of death and progression in patients with stage 3-5 CKD, with no addit

关键词： Vitamin D Chronic kidney disease Mortality Renal progression Hospitalization

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Embrionary way to create a fatty liver in portal hypertension

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology 2017年第2期8卷 39-50页

作者： Maria-Angeles Aller Natalia Arias Isabel Peral Sara García-Higarza Jorge-luis Arias Jaime Arias Department of Surgery School of MedicineComplutense University of Madrid UCL Division of Medicine Institute for Liver and Digestive Health Laboratory of Neuros-cience Department of PsychologyUniversity of Oviedo

Portal hypertension in the rat by triple partial portal vein ligation produces an array of splanchnic and systemic disorders, including hepatic steatosis. In the current review these alterations are considered components of a systemic inflammatory response that would develop through three overlapping phenotypes: The neurogenic, the immune and the endocrine. These three inflammatory phenotypes could resemble the functions expressed during embryonic development of mammals. In turn, the inflammatory phenotypes would be represented in the embryo by two functional axes, that is, a coelomic-amniotic axis and a trophoblastic yolk-sac or vitelline axis. In this sense, the inflammatory response developed after triple partial portal vein ligation in the rat would integrate both functional embryonic axes on the liver interstitial space of Disse. If so, this fact would favor the successive development of steatosis, steatohepatitis and fibrosis. Firstly, these recapitulated embryonic functions would produce the evolution of liver steatosis. In this way, this fat liver could represent a yolk-sac-like in portal hypertensive rats. After that, the systemic recapitulation of these embryonic functions in experimental prehepatic portal hypertension would consequently induce a gastrulationlike response in which a hepatic wound healing reaction or fibrosis occur. In conclusion, studying the mechanisms involved in embryonic development could provide key results for a better understanding of the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease etiopathogeny.

关键词： Inflammation Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Hepatic steatosis Extraembryonic functions Fibrosis Portal hypertension

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