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Endophytes versus biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens—are fungal lifestyles evolutionarily stable traits?

2009年

作者： Puncel luis m.

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Fungal Diversity 2013年第3期60卷 125-135页

作者： luis Delaye Graciela García-Guzmán martin Heil Departamento de Ingeniería Genética Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados(CINVESTAV)IrapuatoGuanajuatoMexico Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva Instituto de EcologíaUNAMMéxico CityMexico

Endophytes infect living plant tissues without causing symptoms of ***,many of them contribute to the resistance phenotype of their ***,fungal endophytes are generally closely related to plant pathogens,fungi that either develop within living host tissue(biotrophic fungi)or that kill the host cells and then live in the dead tissue(necrotrophic fungi).We adopted a phylogenetic approach to investigate whether these strategies represent evolutionarily stable lifestyles and to elucidate their general phylogenetic *** analysed 163 fungal strains for which we found information on the sequence of the 5.8S rRnA gene and the flanking internal transcribed spacer regions,the identity of the host plant and the concrete phenotypic outcome of the infection.A maximum-Likelihood analysis combined with ancestral character mapping by maximum parsimony revealed that some fungal lineages had switched multiple times between a necrotrophic and an endophytic *** character mapping indicated a minimum of four changes from an endophytic to a necrotrophic lifestyle,four changes in the opposite direction and eight changes among these lifestyles for which the direction could not be determined *** contrast,biotrophs formed five clusters that did not contain necrotrophs or *** biotrophy evolves there is apparently no regression to one of the other two *** conclude that biotrophy usually represents a derived and evolutionarily stable trait,whereas fungi easily can switch between an endophytic and necrotrophic lifestyle at the evolutionary and even the ecological *** experimental studies should focus on the environmental or genetic changes that cause the rapid switches between these two phenotypically different lifestyles.

关键词： Disease expression Fungi Plant pathogens Phylogenetic effects

Occurrence data may provide unreliable thermal preferences and breadth of species

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Current Zoology 2015年第6期61卷 972-982页

作者： Sara VILLEn-PEREZ luis m. CARRASCAL Department of Biogeography and Global Change National Museum of Natural Sciences MNCN-CSIC. C/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2 28006 Madrid Spain.

Accurate information on the thermal preference and specialization of species is needed to understand and predict spe- cies geographical range size and vulnerability to climate change. Here we estimate the position and breadth of species within thermal gradients based on the shape of the response curve of species abundance to temperature. The objective of the study is to compare the measurements of this approach based on abundance data with those of the classical approach using species＇ occur- rence data. The relationship between species＇ relative abundance and minimum winter temperature of 106 bird species wintering in the Iberian Peninsula is modeled at 100 Km2 resolution with quadratic logistic regressions. From these models we calculated the preferred temperature of species as the temperature at which the abundance is maximized, and the thermal breadth of species as the relative area under the temperature-abundance curve. We also estimated the thermal preferences and breadth of species as the average temperature and temperature range of the UTm cells in which the species are present. The abundance-temperature response curves reveal that birds prefer higher temperatures to overwinter, and are more thermally selective, than is measured by the classical approach. moreover, response curves detect a higher inter-specific variability in both thermal preferences and ther- mal breadth of species. As occurrence data gives the same weight to cells with one or many individuals, the average temperature of the cells in which the species is present roughly reflects the average temperature in the region of study and not the environ- mental preferences of species .

关键词： Abundance-temperature response curve Birds Species occurrence Thermal breadth Thermal preferences Winter

Woodland mediterranean birds can resist a dry extreme cold wave

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Current Zoology 2014年第4期60卷 429-437页

作者： Sara VILLEn-PEREZ luis m. CARRASCAL Department of Biogeography and Global Change Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC) C/Jos6 Guti6rrez Abascal 228006 Madrid Spain

The ecological consequences of climate extreme events are still poorly understood, especially those related to cold episodes. Winter cold spells might imperil the energy balance of small passerines, thus compromising their survivorship. Here we analyze how the abundance and habitat use of three tree-gleaning passerine species wintering in a montane oakwood of central Spain at ca. 1,300 m a.s.1, was influenced by the cold wave that hit Europe in February 2012. We monitored temperature, wind and the relative abundance of great tit Parus major, blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus and long-tailed tit Aegithalos caudatus in 15 plots throughout three periods： before, during and after the cold wave. Our results clearly rule out widespread mortality and temporal migration of the studied passerine populations, as the abundance of these species did not diminish during the cold wave. moreover, the species usually foraging higher in the tree canopy -and thus more exposed to windmoved to the less windy woodland plots （long-tailed tit） and reduced their foraging height above ground during the cold wave （long-tailed tit and blue tit）, probably to mitigate the deleterious effects of wind chill. Therefore, these forest birds were able to cope with a dry cold wave that was statistically extreme in terms of temperature and wind chill, according to the historic climate records of the region. It seems that, at least when foraging substrates are not heavily covered by snow or ice, mediterranean birds can resist an extreme cold wave [Current Zoology 60 （4）： 429-437, 2014].

关键词： Cold wave Harsh weather mediterranean oakwoods Temperature Tree-gleaning birds Wind chill

Cysteine and Cysteine-Related SignalingPathways in Arabidopsis thaliana

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molecular Plant 2014年第2期7卷 264-276页

作者： luis C. Romero m. Ángeles Aroca Ana m. Laureano-marín Inmaculada moreno Irene García Cecilia Gotor Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla Avenida Américo Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain

Cysteine occupies a central position in plant metabolism because it is a reduced sulfur donor moleculeinvolved in the synthesis of essential biomolecules and defense compounds. moreover, cysteine per se and its deriva-tive molecules play roles in the redox signaling of processes occurring in various cellular compartments. Cysteine issynthesized during the sulfate assimilation pathway via the incorporation of sulfide to O-acetylserine, catalyzed byO-acetylserine（thiol）lyase （OASTL）. Plant cells contain OASTLs in the mitochondria, chloroplasts, and cytosol, resultingin a complex array of isoforms and subcellular cysteine pools, in recent years, significant progress has been made inArabidopsis, in determining the specific roles of the OASTLs and the metabolites produced by them. Thus, the dis-covery of novel enzymatic activities of the less-abundant, like DES1 with L-cysteine desulfhydrase activity and SCSwith S-sulfocysteine synthase activity, has provided new perspectives on their roles, besides their metabolic ***, the research has been demonstrated that cytosolic sulfide and chloroplastic S-sulfocysteine act as signalingmolecules regulating autophagy and protecting the photosystems, respectively. In the cytosol, cysteine plays an essentialrole in plant immunity; in the mitochondria, this molecule plays a central role in the detoxification of cyanide, which isessential for root hair development and plant responses to pathogens.

关键词： β-cyanoalanine synthase cysteine desulfhydrase cyanide O-acetylserine(thiol)lyase plant development plant immunity redox signaling S-sulfocysteine synthase stress sulfide

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一湾浅浅的海水 POLOnIO旗舰店

室内设计与装修 2024年第11期 36-39页

作者： [西班牙]Raúl Sánchez luis Asin(摄影) coco(编译) Raúl Sánchez

Polonio是一个与“夏天”和“海滩”这些关键词紧密相连的新的服装品牌,几年前诞生于卡达克斯--加泰罗尼亚布拉瓦海岸的一个田园诗般的村庄,靠近萨尔瓦多达利的永久居住地。在卡达克斯发展了几年后,该品牌决定在伊比沙岛的中心步行区和... 详细信息

Polonio是一个与“夏天”和“海滩”这些关键词紧密相连的新的服装品牌,几年前诞生于卡达克斯--加泰罗尼亚布拉瓦海岸的一个田园诗般的村庄,靠近萨尔瓦多达利的永久居住地。在卡达克斯发展了几年后,该品牌决定在伊比沙岛的中心步行区和商业区开设一个新的门店。新店面积仅为60m^(2),分为上下3层:底层空间设有面向街道的通高空间,通高空间之后则是半下沉式的区域,夹层可通过商店后面的螺旋楼梯进入。

关键词：螺旋楼梯底层空间加泰罗尼亚服装品牌商业区门店旗舰店下沉式

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans and heparanases in Alzheimer's disease:current outlook and potential therapeutic targets

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neural Regeneration Research 2017年第6期12卷 914-915页

作者： Laura Lorente-Gea Beatriz García Carla martín luis m.Quirós Iván Fernández-Vega Department of Pathology Hospital Universitario de Araba-Txagorritxu Department of Functional Biology University of Oviedo Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega Department of Pathology Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias Biobanco Vasco para la Investigación (O+e Hun) Brain Bank Hospital Universitario Araba

Relevance of Alzheimer’s disease（AD）：AD is one of the greatest health-care challenges of the 21^st *** is known to be the most common neurodegenerative disease and,in the United States,the sixth most common cause ... 详细信息

关键词： outlook amyloid pathogenesis prion greatest sixth gression challenges neuronal brains

Comparing surgical efficiencies between phacoemulsification systems: a single surgeon retrospective study of 2000 eyes

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2022年第4期15卷 581-585页

作者： luis Escaf-Jaraba Jorge Escobar-DiazGranados Bartolomé Valdemarín Clínica Oftalmológica del Caribe Barranquilla 080003Colombia Universidad Simón Bolívar Barranquilla 080004Colombia

AIm: To compare under similar conditions intraoperative surgical efficiencies metrics between an active fluidics and a gravity based phacoemulsification ***: Adult patients who were diagnosed with a cataract that compromised visual acuity inferior to 20/40 were included in the study. Patients were excluded from the study if they had a history of severe retinal disorders, clinically significant corneal endothelial dystrophy or history of corneal disease. All phacoemulsification surgeries were performed by a single surgeon. Both phacoemulsification systems used the 0.9 mm 45-degree aspiration bypass system Intrepid Balanced tip and the 0.9 mm Intrepid Ultra infusion sleeve. All cataracts were classified using the Lens Opacities Classification System III, cumulative dissipated energy(CDE) and aspiration fluids were measured in each ***: Totally 2000 eyes were included in the study. Phacoemulsification was performed in 1000(50%) eyes with an active fluid dynamics system and in 1000(50%) eyes with a gravity-based fluidic system. mean CDE until fracture of the lens was 1.1 and 1.9 percent-seconds and total mean CDE used was 5.6 and 7.2 percent-seconds using an active fluidics dynamics system and gravity-based fluidic system, respectively(Pmean aspiration fluids used were 70 m L using an active fluidics dynamics system and 85 m L using a gravity-based fluidic system(PnCLUSIOn: This study evidences that surgeries performed under similar conditions(same surgeon, phaco tip and sleeve) with the active fluidics dynamics system required significantly lower CDE and aspiration fluids.

关键词： ophthalmology phacoemulsification surgical ef ficiencies cumulative dissipated energy aspiration fluids

Distributed representations of atoms and materials for machine learning

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npj Computational materials 2022年第1期8卷 415-423页

作者： luis m.Antunes Ricardo Grau-Crespo Keith T.Butler Department of Chemistry University of ReadingWhiteknightsReadingRG66DXUK ScimL Scientific Computing DepartmentRutherford Appleton LaboratoryHarwellOX110QXUK

The use of machine learning is becoming increasingly common in computational materials *** build effective models of the chemistry of materials,useful machine-based representations of atoms and their compounds are *** derive distributed representations of compounds from their chemical formulas only,via pooling operations of distributed representations of *** compound representations are evaluated on ten different tasks,such as the prediction of formation energy and band gap,and are found to be competitive with existing benchmarks that make use of structure,and even superior in cases where only composition is ***,we introduce an approach for learning distributed representations of atoms,named SkipAtom,which makes use of the growing information in materials structure databases.

关键词： representations operations competitive

Unilateral rnurr1-V5 transgene expression in nigral dopaminergic neurons mitigates bilateral neuropathology and behavioral deficits in parkinsonian rats withα-synucleinopathy

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neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 2057-2067页

作者： Bismark Gatica-Garcia michael J.Bannon Irma Alicia martínez-Dávila luis O.Soto-Rojas David Reyes-Corona Lourdes Escobedo minerva maldonado-Berny mE Gutierrez-Castillo Armando J.Espadas-Alvarez manuel A.Fernandez-Parrilla Juan U.mascotte-Cruz CP Rodríguez-Oviedo Irais E.Valenzuela-Arzeta Claudia Luna-Herrera Francisco E.Lopez-Salas Jaime Santoyo-Salazar Daniel martinez-Fong Departamento de Fisiología Biofísica y NeurocienciasCentro de Investigación y de Estudios AvanzadosCiudad de MéxicoMéxico Department of Pharmacology Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA Laboratorio de Patogénesis molecular Carrera Médico CirujanoFacultad de Estudios Superiores IztacalaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoTlalnepantla de BazMéxico Red de medicina para la Educación y Desarrollo y la Investigación Científica de Iztacala(Red mEDICI) Carrera Médico CirujanoFacultad de Estudios Superiores IztacalaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoTlalnepantla de BazMéxico nanoparticle Therapy Institute AguascalientesMéxico Departamento de Biociencias e Ingeniería Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y DesarrolloInstituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de MéxicoMéxico Escuela nacional de medicina y Homeopatía Instituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de MéxicoMéxico Departamento de Fisiología Escuela Nacional de Ciencias BiológicasInstituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de MéxicoMéxico Departamento de Biología molecular y Biotecnología Instituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMéxico Departamento de Física Centro de Investigación y de Estudios AvanzadosCiudad de MéxicoMéxico Programa de nanociencias y nanotecnología Centro de Investigación y de Estudios AvanzadosCiudad de MéxicoMéxico

Parkinsonism by unilateral,intranigralβ-sitosterolβ-D-glucoside administration in rats is distinguished in that theα-synuclein insult begins unilaterally but spreads bilaterally and increases in severity over time,thus replicating several clinical features of Parkinson’s disease,a typicalα-*** nurr1 repressesα-synuclein,we evaluated whether unilateral transfected of rnurr1-V5 transgene via neurotensin-polyplex to the substantia nigra on day 30 after unilateralβ-sitosterolβ-D-glucoside lesion could affect bilateral neuropathology and sensorimotor deficits on day 30 *** study found that rnurr1-V5 expression but not that of the green fluorescent protein(the negative control)reducedβ-sitosterolβ-D-glucoside-induced ***,a bilateral increase in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells and arborization occurred in the substantia nigra and increased tyrosine hydroxylase-positive ramifications in the *** addition,tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells displayed less senescence markerβ-galactosidase and more neuron-cytoskeleton markerβIII-tubulin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor.A significant decrease in activated microglia(positive to ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1)and neurotoxic astrocytes(positive to glial fibrillary acidic protein and complement component 3)and increased neurotrophic astrocytes(positive to glial fibrillary acidic protein and S100 calcium-binding protein A10)also occurred in the substantia *** effects followed the bilateral reduction inα-synuclein aggregates in the nigrostriatal system,improving sensorimotor *** results show that unilateral rnurr1-V5 transgene expression in nigral dopaminergic neurons mitigates bilateral neurodegeneration(senescence and loss of neuron-cytoskeleton and tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells),neuroinflammation(activated microglia,neurotoxic astrocytes),α-synuclein aggregation,and sensorimotor *** neurotrophic astrocytes and

关键词： A1 astrocytes A2 astrocytes gene therapy microglia motor deficits nanoparticles neurodegeneration neuroinflammation senescence α-synuclein aggregates